[vc_row type=”full_width_background” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” bg_color=”#ffffff” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” top_padding=”2%” overlay_strength=”0.3″ shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_link_target=”_self” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” width=”1/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” overlay_strength=”0.3″ column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_link_target=”_self” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” width=”1/2″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” overlay_strength=”0.3″ column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column_text]

About

[/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Short form-36 is a non-disease specific, generic scale used to assess the health-related quality of life in individuals. It includes 36 items divided into eight domains of well-being and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). It is a highly versatile tool for comparing the effect of various health conditions on the quality of life.

It has a special role in studying HRQOL in chronic disease conditions, which are the leading cause of disability and drop in the quality of life globally. SF-36 focuses on subjective quality of life, helping to assess the level of satisfaction with life as a whole. It does not have questions related to sickness, income, or social status.

SF-36 is considered one of the best measures of complete well-being and has been mentioned in hundreds of publications and research articles used to measure healthiness in various population groups.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column centered_text=”true” column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_link_target=”_self” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” width=”1/4″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” overlay_strength=”0.3″ column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column_text]

Request

[/vc_column_text][contact-form-7 id=”102559″][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” overlay_strength=”0.3″ shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_link_target=”_self” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” width=”1/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” overlay_strength=”0.3″ column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][page_submenu alignment=”center” sticky=”true” bg_color=”#c9c9c9″ link_color=”#ffffff”][page_link link_url=”#about” title=”About” id=”1579624131567-3″ tab_id=”1579624131567-6″] [/page_link][page_link link_url=”#pricing” title=”Pricing” id=”1579624131677-4″ tab_id=”1579624131678-0″] [/page_link][page_link title=”Documentation” id=”1579624131776-1″ link_url=”#documentation” tab_id=”1579624131777-5″][/page_link][page_link title=”Cosmin” id=”1579624131872-3″ link_url=”#cosmin” tab_id=”1579624131874-8″][/page_link][page_link title=”References” id=”1579624131982-7″ link_url=”#references” tab_id=”1579624131983-2″][/page_link][/page_submenu][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” id=”documentation” overlay_strength=”0.3″ shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_link_target=”_self” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” width=”1/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” overlay_strength=”0.3″ column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column_text]

Documentation

[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” overlay_strength=”0.3″ shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_link_target=”_self” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” width=”1/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” overlay_strength=”0.3″ column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_custom_heading text=”Introduction” use_theme_fonts=”yes”][vc_column_text]Short form-36 is a non-disease specific, generic scale used to assess the health-related quality of life in individuals. It includes 36 items divided into eight domains of well-being and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). It is a highly versatile tool for comparing the effect of various health conditions on the quality of life.

It has a special role in studying HRQOL in chronic disease conditions, which are the leading cause of disability and drop in the quality of life globally. SF-36 focuses on subjective quality of life, helping to assess the level of satisfaction with life as a whole. It does not have questions related to sickness, income, or social status.

SF-36 is considered one of the best measures of complete well-being and has been mentioned in hundreds of publications and research articles used to measure healthiness in various population groups.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” overlay_strength=”0.3″ shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_link_target=”_self” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” width=”1/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” overlay_strength=”0.3″ column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_custom_heading text=”Methods” use_theme_fonts=”yes”][vc_column_text]Most of the questions in SF-36 are about the life during past four weeks. The SF-36 can be completed within 5-10 minutes using Qolty.

Below are the eight domains that are measured through 36 questions to assess the physical, mental and social well-being:

  1. Physical functioning: It measures the ability to carry on both the vigorous activities like participating in sports or climbing stairs, to the moderate daily activities like bathing and getting dressed up.
  2. Physical roles limitation: It measures the ability to perform daily activities like moving things around the home or cleaning.
  3. Emotional roles limitation: a measure of the effect of emotional distress (anxiety or depression) in day-to-day activities.
  4. Social functioning: how the health effects the interaction with family members, friends, neighbors and other social relations?
  5. Bodily pain: a measure of the intensity of pain and interference in doing regular activities at work and home.
  6. General mental health: It assesses the feeling of happiness or depression/anxiety. Also, evaluates the interference of the emotional state of well-being.
  7. Vitality: It is the measure of feeling energetic or tired.
  8. General health perception: It measures the perception of the individuals about their health.

Once the questions have been the answered, result is auto-generated by the Qolty platform, offering flexibility and better data comparability over-time and in various population groups.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” overlay_strength=”0.3″ shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_link_target=”_self” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” width=”1/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” overlay_strength=”0.3″ column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_custom_heading text=”Applications” use_theme_fonts=”yes”][vc_column_text]Adorno and Brasil-Neto 2013 studied the effectiveness of certain physiotherapy techniques in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. They employed the SF-36 scale to detect changes in the quality of life after the administration of the physical exercises.

Another study regarded SF-36 as a suitable instrument for chronic intestinal failure patients receiving home parental nutrition (Pironi et al., 2004).

It is a perfect tool for large-scale clinical and comparative studies for the assessment of the quality of life. A cost-effective method that is well integrated with automated platforms like Qolty, providing the added advantage of data manipulation. It can be used to assess the health status of individuals or the effectiveness of certain therapeutic approaches.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” overlay_strength=”0.3″ shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_link_target=”_self” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” width=”1/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” overlay_strength=”0.3″ column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_custom_heading text=”Translations” use_theme_fonts=”yes”][vc_column_text]SF-36 is one of the most widely translated and validated scale to measure health-related quality of life. Apart from the US English, it has been translated into almost all the major European languages. Translations and validation studies are also available in most major Asian languages like Japanese or Persian (Fukuhara et al., 1998; Montazeri et al., 2005; Wagner et al., 1998).[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” overlay_strength=”0.3″ shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_link_target=”_self” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” width=”1/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” overlay_strength=”0.3″ column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_custom_heading text=”Results and Data Analysis” use_theme_fonts=”yes”][vc_column_text]Quality of life is estimated in various health conditions through 36 questions. SF-36 provides reliable and better results on automated platforms, where results are auto-generated (0%-100%). High scores represent better health, while the low score indicates bad health.[/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” text_align=”left”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” width=”1/2″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” overlay_strength=”0.3″ column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column_text]In one of the studies, quality of life was compared between healthy Italian population and those on home parenteral nutrition (HPN) for benign disease (Pironi et al., 2004).[/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=”115115″ alignment=”” animation=”Fade In” hover_animation=”none” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” width=”1/2″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” overlay_strength=”0.3″ column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column_text]Below is the assessment of the quality of life in patients suffering from non-specific chronic low back pain. The effectiveness of treatment has been evaluated.[/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=”115116″ alignment=”” animation=”Fade In” hover_animation=”none” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” overlay_strength=”0.3″ shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_link_target=”_self” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” width=”1/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” overlay_strength=”0.3″ column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_custom_heading text=”Strengths and Limitations” use_theme_fonts=”yes”][vc_column_text]Perhaps the biggest strength of SF-36 is its cross adaptability in various population and cultural groups. It is a non-disease specific, generic scale and can be implemented to measure the quality of life in numerous conditions. Availability of validation studies for various population groups means that it is the perfect tool for comparative studies, epidemiological research, and random clinical trials (Burholt & Nash, 2011; Contopoulos-Ioannidis et al., 2009).

As with any health measure, SF-36 does have some limitations. It does not measure the quality of sleep, which is an important indicator of health in certain medical conditions. Further, it is not very suitable for the geriatric population group, especially those aged above 65 years of age (Andresen et al.,1999).[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” overlay_strength=”0.3″ shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_link_target=”_self” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” width=”1/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” overlay_strength=”0.3″ column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_custom_heading text=”Cosmin Checklist” use_theme_fonts=”yes”][vc_column_text]Reliability

Construct Validity

Test-Retest Reliability

[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” overlay_strength=”0.3″ shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_link_target=”_self” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” width=”1/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” overlay_strength=”0.3″ column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column_text]Summary and Key Points

[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” bottom_padding=”30″ id=”references” overlay_strength=”0.3″ shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_link_target=”_self” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” width=”1/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” overlay_strength=”0.3″ column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_custom_heading text=”References” use_theme_fonts=”yes”][vc_column_text]Andresen, E. M., Gravitt, G. W., Aydelotte, M. E., & Podgorski, C. A. (1999). Limitations of the SF-36 in a sample of nursing home residents. Age and Ageing, 28(6), 562–566.

Burholt, V., & Nash, P. (2011). Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey Questionnaire: normative data for Wales. Journal of Public Health, 33(4), 587–603.

Contopoulos-Ioannidis, D. G., Karvouni, A., Kouri, I., & Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2009). Reporting and interpretation of SF-36 outcomes in randomised trials: systematic review. BMJ, 338, a3006.

Fukuhara, S., Bito, S., Green, J., Hsiao, A., & Kurokawa, K. (1998). Translation, adaptation, and validation of the SF-36 Health Survey for use in Japan. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 51(11), 1037–1044.

Marta Lúcia Guimarães Resende Adorno and Joaquim Pereira Brasil-Neto. (2013). Assessment of the quality of life through the SF-36 questionnaire in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Acta Ortop Bras; 21(4): 202–207.

Montazeri, A., Goshtasebi, A., Vahdaninia, M., & Gandek, B. (2005). The Short Form Health Survey (SF-36): translation and validation study of the Iranian version. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care and Rehabilitation, 14(3), 875–882.

Pironi, L., Paganelli, F., Mosconi, P., Morselli-Labate, A. M., Spinucci, G., Merli, C., … Miglioli, M. (2004). The SF-36 instrument for the follow-up of health-related quality-of-life assessment of patients undergoing home parenteral nutrition for benign disease. Transplantation Proceedings, 36(2), 255–258.

Wagner, A. K., Gandek, B., Aaronson, N. K., Acquadro, C., Alonso, J., Apolone, G., … Ware, J. E. (1998). Cross-cultural comparisons of the content of SF-36 translations across 10 countries: results from the IQOLA Project. International Quality of Life Assessment. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 51(11), 925–932.

 

[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

Leave a Reply