Stereotaxic Impactor – (Precise Spinal Impactor)

 

Impact Depth – Velocity – Dwell time – Accuracy

The new upgraded precise impactor, 68099Ⅱ, is a very friendly tool for evaluating traumatic brain injury mechanisms in basic medical research. This novel device, allows researchers to induce traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) with an unprecedented level of reproducibility in both impact direction and injury position.

Moreover, the precise impactor, utilized in basic medical research, assesses cord injury mechanisms effectively. It can be precisely locked and applied to the spinal cord, especially when combined with our spinal cord adapters designed for mice and rats.

The parameters such as impact depth, velocity, and dwell time could be precisely controlled to ensure that the damage level is accurate. It is a precise tool with high efficiency, repeatability, and stability, ensuring the reproducibility of the damage model.

$16,900.00$17,100.00

Description

This system is a popular way to make a traumatic brain injury modeling, which is controlled by pneumatic and electric device, and increased accuracy and reproducibility in brain injury modeling.

In addition, a unique sensor is used to automatically detect the zero-interface reference point at the impact point of the model accurately and reliably before the start of the impact procedure, thus reducing the tedious process of manual zeroing, it is helpful to make precise and highly repeatable in brain injury modeling.

In the experiment, the standard cylindrical head hammers with different size are available.

Specifications

No.

Name

Description

1

Power Switch

2 Master power switch of the equipment

2

Touch LCD Screen

Control operation and display are all done on the touch screen.

3

Upper/Lower Limit Switch

Limit the moving location of the machine frame.

4

Magnetic Grid Displacement Sensor

It can detect the moving location of the machine frame to control the striking depth.

5

Animal Contact Sensor

It has two clamps to realize zero calibration detection.

6

Motor Driven Parts

Moving components (as shown in the dashed box in the picture ) driven devices

*To request a quote for the customizable model, please contact us.

Product Technical Parameters

Feature

Description

Striking speed

0.5m/s~5.6m/s, resolution ratio 0.1m/s

Striking dwell time

0~5.00s, resolution ratio 0.01s

Striking depth

0~5.00mm, resolution ratio 0.01mm

Input gas pressure range

0.68Mpa~0.8Mpa

Display screen

4.3-inch LCD resistance type touch screen,480*272 pixels

Communication port

NA

Power adapter

Input: 100~240V AC, 50/60Hz,1.5A Max Output: 24V DC 2.2A

Equipment input

24V DC, 30W Max

Safety alarm

High/low airway pressure, pipe block, high PEEP value etc.

Animal platform size

380*255(unit: mm)

X-Y axis travel range

X direction, 0mm~116mm;Y direction, 0mm~98mm

Accessories

No.

Adaptor for Traumatic Brain Injury

(TBI)

Model

1

Rotational Mouse Adaptor, 60°Ear Bars

RWD-68065

2

Rotational Rat Adaptor, 18°Ear Bars

RWD-68063

3

Optional Precise Rotational Adapter For Mouse

RWD-69100-03

4

Optional Precise Rotational Adapter For Rat

RWD-69100-04

No.

Adaptor for Spinal Cord

Model

1

Mouse Spinal Cord Adaptor

RWD-68094

2

Rat Spinal Cord Adaptor

RWD-68095

No.

Switch TBI impactor to Spinal cord Impactor Needed Accessories

Model

1

Three-axis Micro-manipulation Rotatable Platform

RWD-LD-40-01

2

Precision Spinal Cord Impactor Zeroing Device

RWD-68199

*To request a quote for the customizable model, please contact us.

No.

Name

Description

1

Mouse Spinal cord Striking adaptor

It´s used for the mouse (15-40g) spinal cord striking experiment

2

Rat Spinal cord striking adaptor

It´s used for the rat (175-300g) spinal cord striking experiment

3

U-shaped Brain striking bracket

It´s used for the animal brain striking experiment

Product Characteristics

● Small size and easy operation.
● Provide 26 grades ofstriking speeds(0.5m/s ~5.6m/s)error is only ±0.2m/s.
● Suitable for small animals weighing 10g ~ 1kg. With auto-zero calibration function.
● It can save the parameters like striking speed, striking depth and striking dwell time, making it more convenient for the user.
● Display: 4.3-inch LCD resistance type color touch screen with wide view.
● Built-in striking speed and depth calibration function to improve strike performance.
● Comes with audible alarm, text guidance, fault reminder function, so it can reduced the possibility of human error during operation.
● It employs the safe and effective power adaptor of DC 24V for power supply.

Introduction

The stereotaxic impactor is a novel device used for traumatic brain injury (TBI) induction.  The stereotaxic impactor allows the experimenters to create a neurotrauma model with an unprecedented degree of reproducibility of the direction of impact and position of the injury. The pneumatically driven stereotaxic impactor is the most promising tool used for controlled cortical impact modeling. The equipment utilizes a pneumatic piston to deliver a precise and accurate injury to the neocortex to mimic significant physiological, histological, and behavioral aspects of traumatic brain injury and closed head injury.

Animal models have been widely used to evaluate mechanisms underlying brain trauma and to test novel therapies. The Controlled Cortical Impact (CCI) is the most commonly used and widely accepted prototype to study the physical, psychiatric, cognitive, emotional, social, and behavioral health problems following brain injury. The reason behind the popularity of CCI among neuroscientists is the scalability and the control over biomechanical parameters of brain tissues exposed to direct mechanical deformation that the tool offers.

The stereotaxic impactor provides the experimenters with full control over biomechanical parameters of the brain injury: velocity, depth, dwell time, and the force of the tip to create a controlled cortical impact. In addition to the parameter’s control, the tool allows the researchers to customize tip size, geometry, and position to accommodate different species. Taken together, the customization and scalability of the device enable the understudies to address multiple histopathological and functional queries related to brain injury.

Apparatus and Equipment

The pneumatic stereotaxic impactor is a cutting-edge device used for creating controlled cortical impact models for brain injury studies. The apparatus consists of a U-shaped solid and heavy bracket to mount the animal. The device has a small bore (19.75mm) corresponding to a pneumatic piston for the strike. The stereotaxic impactor comes with a variety of cylindrical flat head hammers having outer diameters: 1mm, 1.2mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 4mm, and 5mm. A crossbar holds the stereotaxically adjustable cylinder for mounting different animal species allowing the tip to be aligned vertically or angled concerning the brain.

The piston utilizes the tips of different sizes and geometry to induce brain trauma in the neural tissue. The researchers can adjust the strike speed from 0.5m/s to 3m/s according to the research requirement. Furthermore, the stereotaxic impactor enables the experimenters to control the dwell time (time range 60s) and the strike depth (0-10mm) with time accuracy of 1ms and depth accuracy of 0.01mm. The apparatus supports a variety of gas supplies, containing 9/16 ʺ and φ8 fast connection, easy-to-connect oxygen tanks, or aerostatic press.

Procedure

Traumatic brain injuries are researched on models and prototypes to evaluate underlying mechanisms and to test potential therapeutic candidates. To create the controlled cortical impact model for brain injury study following protocol should be followed.

  1. Place the device on a flat surface. Make sure that the parts of the equipment are clean and in working order.
  2. Turn on the air compressor to pressurize the CCI device.

Note: The outflow pressure should be 80 PSI while the inflow pressure should be between 90-110 PSI.

  1. Calibrate the parameters before surgery. Moreover, ensure that the dwell time and impact velocity are consistent with what was set.
  2. Anesthetize the animal and cannulate it.
  3. Place the animal in the stereotaxic frame and ensure that the animal remains safe secure throughout the surgery.
  4. Assess the level of animal’s consciousness after anesthesia by toe pinching to confirm sufficient delivery of the anesthetic compound.
  5. Shave the animal’s scalp for the surgery with the help of a trimmer.
  6. Cover the animal with a sterile drape while exposing its scalp only.
  7. Scrub the scalp with an antiseptic solution (e.g., Betadine) to prepare it for surgery.
  8. Make a midline incision with the help of a blade or a scalpel.
  9. With the support of micro-dissecting forceps separate the muscle layer from the skull.
  10. Expose the underlying head by reflecting the skin and fascia with a cotton applicator.
  11. Create a craniectomy by using a pneumatic drill.
  12. If space is not enough for the impactor tip, elongate the craniectomy with the help of ronguers.
  13. Ensure that the tip is at the center of the craniectomy, otherwise adjust the tip of the stereotaxic impactor manually. Gently lower the tip to touch the exposed dura matter briefly.
  14. Zero the tip to the cortical surface with the pneumatic piston in the full stroke position.
  15. Withdraw the tip carefully and adjust the piston according to the desired depth.
  16. Triggering the CCI induces the injury.
  17. Discontinue anesthesia and close the incision with sutures.
  18. Apply topical anesthesia on the surgical site to relieve discomfort.
  19. Remove the animal from the impactor’s frame and extubate.
  20. Observe the post-injury behavior and symptoms.
Applications

The controlled cortical impact model has revolutionized traumatic brain injury research. The pneumatic stereotaxic impactor is the most promising equipment used for creating CCI models. The tool has helped to address many research questions relating to brain injury. The apparatus provides the researchers with full control over the calibration of the parameters to reproduce the injury effects. These parameters include the impact depth, velocity, dwell time, and volumetric characteristics with varying tip sizes. In addition to the biomechanical variables, the adjustable size frame enables the experimenters to use the CCI model in different species of the test animals, as the equipment offers different tip sizes according to the size and species of the subject. It can be used for traumatic brain injury research in ferrets, rats, mice, pigs, and non-human primates.

By mimicking the brain injury in animal models using the stereotaxic impactor graded morphological, physiological, and histological responses to the brain injury can be studied. Furthermore, the device offers a high degree of precision on injury dynamics to create a controlled cortical impact model of neurotrauma. The model helps to observe cortical contusion, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, hippocampal cell loss, apoptosis, necrosis, inflammation, and overall brain volume loss.

The stereotaxic impactor allows the researchers to study animals of all ages. It can be used to study the impact of the injury on an immature brain by using a smaller tip and by driving the tip less rooted in the cortical region. Furthermore, the device can not only be used to study CCI but also to evaluate the closed head injury and repetitive injury. Closed head injury and repetitive injury are relevant to many clinical populations including athletes, prisoners, armed personnel, and the victims of violence. The pneumatic impactor can be used to create sports-related models by generating rotational head acceleration in the test animals.

The pneumatic stereotaxic impactor can be used to test novel therapeutic drug candidates for brain injury and trauma. Preclinical studies of these drug molecules lead to the development of new promising therapies.

Strengths & Limitations

The stereotaxic impactor offers notable advantages to the researchers. However, there are some limitations associated with it. The strengths and weaknesses of the stereotaxic impactor are discussed as follows:

  • The impactor helps the experimenters achieve a high degree of precision and accuracy in creating the brain injury models in test animals.
  • It enables the researchers to adjust and calibrate the biomechanical parameters according to the experiment’s requirement to produce consistent and reproducible focal injuries.
  • Injury severity can be managed by controlling the strike depth.
  • The impactor creates accurate and reproducible contusion injuries.
  • Automatic zero interface detection in the apparatus circumvents the cumbersome manual process before the strike.
  • It can be used for multiple species to build a comparative analysis of traumatic brain injury.
  • Anesthesia can confound preclinical studies because of its neuroprotective or neuro-suppressive effects.
  • Also, unprecedented control over biomechanical parameters cannot be reproduced in the clinical trials.
  • Mechanical variation, wear on the device, and limited diffuse effects are some significant weaknesses of the stereotaxic impactor.

References

Osier, N. D., & Dixon, C. E. (2016). The Controlled Cortical Impact Model: Applications, Considerations for Researchers, and Future Directions. Neurol.

Osier, N., & Dixon, C. E. (2017). The Controlled Cortical Impact Model of Experimental Brain Trauma: Overview, Research Applications, and Protocol. Methods Mol Biol, 177-192.

Additional information

Species

Mouse, Rat

Brand

RWD

Gas Source:

≥99.2% Nitrogen
Pressure: 0.68MPa∼ 0.8Mpa

Power Source_ Power Adaptor Input:

100∼240V AC, 50/60Hz, 1.5A Max

Power Source_ Power Adaptor Output:

24V DC 2.2A

Power Source_Equipment Input:

24V DC, 30W Max

Working Environment_Storage temperature:

-20℃ – 55℃

Working Environment_Working temperature:

5℃ ∼ 40℃

Relative humidity:

20% – 80% RH, non-condensing

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