PDE12 expression data from diabetes patients and controls

<p><span>Type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence is increased after COVID-19 infection in children under 18 years of age. Interferon-α-activated oligoadenylate synthetase and downstream RNAseL activation degrade pathogen RNA, but can also damage host RNA when RNAseL activity is poorly regulated. One such regulator is PDE12 which degrades 2′-5′ oligoadenylate units, thereby decreasing RNAseL activity. We analyzed <em>PDE12</em> expression in islets from non-diabetic donors, individuals with newly (median disease duration 35 days) and recently (5 years) diagnosed T1D, and individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We also analyzed <em>PDE12</em> single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) relative to T1D incidence. <em>PDE12</em> expression was decreased in individuals with recently diagnosed T1D, in three of five individuals with newly diagnosed T1D, but not in individuals with T2D. Two rare <em>PDE12</em> SNPs were found to have odds ratios of 1.80 and 1.74 for T1D development. We discuss whether decreased <em>PDE12</em> expression after COVID-19 infection might be part of the up to 2.5-fold increase in T1D incidence.</span></p>