APPENDIX 1 in Fossil wood from the lower Miocene of Myanmar (Natma Formation): palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic implications

<p>APPENDIX 1. &mdash; Synthetic summary of main characters of the Dipterocarp fossil woods mentioned in the article, as described by the original authors (<b>first name</b>), the authors who redescribed a specimen of the same species or emmended the original diagnosis (<b>second name</b>), or as extracted from another publication (<b>in parenthesis</b>). Features in parenthesis are less commun.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th></th><th><b>Vessels</b></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th></th><td></td><td><b>t.diam. (&micro;m);</b></td><td></td><td></td><td><b>Multiseriate</b></td><td><b>Canals</b></td><td><b>Geologic</b></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td><b>Growth</b></td><td><b>frequency</b></td><td></td><td><b>Axial</b></td><td></td><td><b>ray height</b></td><td></td><td><b>t.diam.</b></td><td><b>age/</b></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><b>Species</b></th><td><b>rings</b></td><td><b>(/mm</b> <b>2</b><b>)</b></td><td><b>Fibres</b></td><td><b>parenchyma</b></td><td><b>Rays</b></td><td><b>(&micro;m; cells)</b></td><td><b>Canals</b></td><td><b>(&micro;m)</b></td><td><b>country</b></td><td><b>Authors</b></td></tr><tr><th><i>Anisopteroxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>120-230</td><td>Nonseptate,</td><td>Vasicentric, diffuse, diffuse-</td><td>(1-11)7-9 seriate,</td><td>150-1080</td><td>Long tangential</td><td>120-150</td><td>Miocene/</td><td>Yadav 1989</td></tr><tr><th><i>oblongoides</i></th><td></td><td>4-5</td><td>thick-walled,</td><td>in-aggregate in irregular</td><td>4-8/mm, heterocellular</td><td>5-56</td><td>lines, (diffuse)</td><td></td><td>India</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>solitary,</td><td>vasicentric</td><td>lines, around canals</td><td>1-2+ marginal cells,</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>tylose</td><td>tracheids</td><td></td><td>continuous sheath cells</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Anisopteroxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>110-255</td><td>Nonseptate,</td><td>Scanty to vasicentric,diffuse,</td><td>(1-8)5-6 seriate,</td><td>180-1350</td><td>Diffuse, (short</td><td>40-55</td><td>Miocene/</td><td>Prakash &amp;</td></tr><tr><th><i>garoensis</i></th><td></td><td>8-12</td><td>thick-walled,</td><td>in short lines,</td><td>5-12/mm, heterocellular</td><td>6-30</td><td>tangential</td><td></td><td>India</td><td>Tripathi 1970</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>solitary,</td><td>vasicentric</td><td>around canals</td><td>1-8 marginal cells, sheath</td><td></td><td>lines</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>(tylose)</td><td>tracheids</td><td></td><td>cells</td><td></td><td>of 2-3)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Anisopteroxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>130-230</td><td>Nonseptate, thin-</td><td>Diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregate</td><td>(1-6)4-5 seriate,</td><td>212-1190</td><td>Diffuse</td><td>102-130</td><td>Miocene/</td><td>Prasad,</td></tr><tr><th><i>surmaensis</i></th><td></td><td>6-10</td><td>to-thick walled,</td><td>in thin lines, scanty to</td><td>5-6/mm, heterocellular</td><td>5-55</td><td></td><td></td><td>India</td><td>Agarwal &amp;</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>solitary,</td><td>vasicentric</td><td>vasicentric, around canals</td><td>1-3 marginal cells,</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Mandaokar</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>tylose</td><td>tracheids</td><td></td><td>continuous</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2009</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>sheath cells</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Anisopteroxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>154-300</td><td>Nonseptate,</td><td>Vasicentric, diffuse,</td><td>1-7 seriate, heterocellular,</td><td>458-1946</td><td>Diffuse, (short</td><td>98-168</td><td>Mio-Plio/</td><td>Ghosh &amp;</td></tr><tr><th><i>jawalamukhi</i></th><td></td><td>-</td><td>vasicentric</td><td>diffuse-in-aggregate,</td><td>sheath cells</td><td>15-67</td><td>tangential</td><td></td><td>India</td><td>Ghosh 1958</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>solitary,</td><td>tracheids</td><td>around canals</td><td></td><td></td><td>lines</td><td></td><td></td><td>(Prakash &amp;</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>tylose</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>of 2-3)</td><td></td><td></td><td>Tripathi 1970)</td></tr><tr><th><i>Dipterocarpoxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>160-240</td><td>Nonseptate,</td><td>Diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregate,</td><td>1-5(6) seriate, often uniseriate, 250-1125</td><td>Short tangential</td><td>40-68</td><td>Miocene/</td><td>Prakash 1975</td></tr><tr><th><i>sivalicus</i></th><td></td><td>5-7,</td><td>thick-walled,</td><td>(scanty paratracheal),</td><td>7-14/mm, heterocellular,</td><td>&ndash;</td><td>lines of 2-6,</td><td></td><td>India</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>solitary,</td><td>vasicentric</td><td>around canals</td><td>sheath cells</td><td></td><td>diffuse</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>tylose</td><td>tracheids</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Dipterocarpoxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>80-240,</td><td>Nonseptate,</td><td>Diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregate,</td><td>(1-7)3-5 seriate, 6-8/mm,</td><td>120-1600,</td><td>Diffuse/</td><td>40-120</td><td>Pliocene/</td><td>Ghosh &amp; Ghosh</td></tr><tr><th><i>malavii</i></th><td></td><td>mean 190,</td><td>thick-walled,</td><td>scanty to vasicentric,</td><td>heterocellular 1-n marginal mean &lt;1000 paired, short</td><td></td><td>India</td><td>1959,</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>5-7, solitary, vasicentric</td><td>(aliform), around canals</td><td>cells, (sheath cells)</td><td>10-60</td><td>tangential</td><td></td><td></td><td>Guleria 1983</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>tylose</td><td>tracheids</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>lines of 4-5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Dipterocarpoxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>&ndash;</td><td>Thin-to thick</td><td>Vasicentric, (marginal,</td><td>(1-5)1-3 seriate, heterocellular</td><td>&ndash;</td><td>Diffuse, short</td><td>-</td><td>Tertiary/</td><td>Bancroft 1933</td></tr><tr><th><i>africanum</i></th><td></td><td>(solitary),</td><td>walled?,</td><td>diffuse?) around canals</td><td>1-6 marginal cells,</td><td>8-30</td><td>tangential</td><td>same</td><td>Uganda</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>tylose?</td><td>vasicentric</td><td></td><td>(end-to-end fusion)</td><td></td><td>lines of 2-6</td><td>size as</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>tracheids?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>vessels</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Dipterocarpoxylon</i></th><td>&ndash;</td><td>160-322</td><td>Nonseptate, thin</td><td>Vasicentric, diffuse to</td><td>1-5(4-5) seriate, 6-8/mm,</td><td>&lt;2400</td><td>Short tangential</td><td>80-120</td><td>Plio-Pleisto/ Vozenin-Serra &amp;</td></tr><tr><th><i>sarapeense</i></th><td></td><td>4-7,</td><td>to thick walled,</td><td>diffuse-in-aggregate,</td><td>heterocellular 2-7(23)</td><td>up to 80</td><td>lines of 2-7</td><td></td><td>Thailand</td><td>Priv&eacute;-Gill</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>solitary,</td><td>vasicentric</td><td>around canals</td><td>marginal cells, sheath cells,</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2001</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>(tylose)</td><td>tracheids</td><td></td><td>(end-to-end fusion)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Dipterocarpoxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>100-175</td><td>Nonseptate, (very)</td><td>Around canals, scanty</td><td>(1-5)1 seriate,</td><td>-</td><td>Diffuse, short</td><td>60-75</td><td>Pliocene/</td><td>Schweitzer</td></tr><tr><th><i>gracile</i></th><td></td><td>5-14,</td><td>thick-walled,</td><td>paratracheal, (diffuse)</td><td>&ldquo;homogeneous&rdquo;,</td><td>up to 40</td><td>tangential</td><td></td><td>Java</td><td>1958</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>solitary</td><td>vasicentric</td><td></td><td>(crystalliferous)</td><td></td><td>lines of 2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>tracheids</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Dipterocarpoxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>80-260</td><td>Nonseptate,</td><td>Vasicentric, (diffuse),</td><td>(1-6)3-5 seriate,</td><td>200-1260</td><td>Diffuse, short</td><td>65-80</td><td>Miocene/</td><td>Guleria <i>et al.</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>jammuense</i></th><td></td><td>3-9,</td><td>vasicentric</td><td>around canals</td><td>5-9/mm, heterocellular</td><td>5-45</td><td>tangential</td><td></td><td>India</td><td>2002</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>solitary,</td><td>tracheids</td><td></td><td>2-12 marginal cells, sheath</td><td></td><td>lines of 2-5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>tylose</td><td></td><td></td><td>cells</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Dryobalanoxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>60-280</td><td>Fibre/vasicentric</td><td>Vasicentric to aliform</td><td>1-4 seriate, heterocellular</td><td>&lt;900</td><td>Long tangential</td><td>40-60</td><td>Tertiary/</td><td>Awasthi 1971</td></tr><tr><th><i>holdeniae</i></th><td></td><td>9-15,</td><td>tracheids,</td><td>(aliform-confluent),</td><td>1-5 marginal cells, (sheath</td><td>up to 30</td><td>lines</td><td></td><td>India</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>solitary,</td><td>nonseptate,</td><td>banded around canals</td><td>cells)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>tyloses</td><td>thick-walled</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td><b>t.diam. (&micro;m);</b></td><td></td><td></td><td><b>Multiseriate</b></td><td><b>Canals</b></td><td><b>Geologic</b></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td><b>Growth</b></td><td><b>frequency</b></td><td></td><td><b>Axial</b></td><td></td><td><b>ray height</b></td><td></td><td><b>t.diam.</b></td><td><b>age/</b></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><b>Species</b></th><td><b>rings</b></td><td><b>(/mm</b> <b>2</b><b>)</b></td><td><b>Fibres</b></td><td><b>parenchyma</b></td><td><b>Rays</b></td><td><b>(&micro;m; cells)</b></td><td><b>Canals</b></td><td><b>(&micro;m)</b></td><td><b>country</b></td><td><b>Authors</b></td></tr><tr><th><i>Shoreoxylon</i></th><td>Distinct</td><td>112-332</td><td>Vasicentric</td><td>Vasicentric to aliform,</td><td>1-5 seriate, 5-8/mm,</td><td>-</td><td>Long tangential</td><td>80-160</td><td>Tertiary /</td><td>Prakash &amp;</td></tr><tr><th><i>tipamense</i></th><td>(vessels)</td><td>3-9, tyloses</td><td>tracheids,</td><td>(aliform-confluent, diffuse,</td><td>heterocellular</td><td>3-66</td><td>lines</td><td></td><td>India</td><td>Awasthi 1970</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>nonseptate,</td><td>diffuse-in-aggregate),</td><td>1-12 marginal cells, (sheath</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>thin-walled</td><td>banded around canals,</td><td>cells)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>crystalliferous</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Shoreoxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>45-240</td><td>Vasicentric</td><td>Vasicentric, aliform aliform-</td><td>1-6 seriate, 5-9/mm,</td><td>-</td><td>Long tangential</td><td>40-120</td><td>Tertiary /</td><td>Awasthi 1974</td></tr><tr><th><i>indicum</i></th><td></td><td>5-10,</td><td>tracheids,</td><td>confluent in thin bands,</td><td>heterocellular 1-2 marginal</td><td>up to 60</td><td>lines</td><td></td><td>India</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>tyloses</td><td>nonseptate,</td><td>diffuse, in thin bands,</td><td>cells</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>thick-walled</td><td>banded around canals,</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>crystalliferous</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Shoreoxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>45-165</td><td>Vasicentric</td><td>Scanty paratracheal or</td><td>(1-4)2-3 seriate, heterocellular</td><td>-</td><td>Long tangential</td><td>40-60</td><td>Tertiary</td><td>Awasthi 1974</td></tr><tr><th><i>arcotense</i></th><td></td><td>15-20,</td><td>tracheids,</td><td>vasicentric, banded around 1-6 marginal cells</td><td>12-40</td><td>lines</td><td></td><td>/India</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>solitary,</td><td>nonseptate,</td><td>canals</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>tyloses</td><td>thin-walled</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Shoreoxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>200-360</td><td>Thin-walled</td><td>Vasicentric, aliform,</td><td>(1-4)1-3 seriate, 4-5/mm,</td><td>80-1400</td><td>Long tangential</td><td>40-90</td><td>Quaternary/ Du 1988b</td></tr><tr><th><i>sumatraense</i></th><td></td><td>9-14,</td><td></td><td>(confluent in tangential</td><td>heterocellular 1-n marginal</td><td>4-50</td><td>lines</td><td></td><td>Sumatra</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>(clusters),</td><td></td><td>bands), diffuse, diffuse-</td><td>cells, (crystalliferous)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>tyloses</td><td></td><td>in-aggregate in short</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>tangential lines, irregularly</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>storied</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Shoreoxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>200-300</td><td>Vasicentric</td><td>Vasicentric, diffuse-in-</td><td>(1-5)5 seriate,</td><td>-</td><td>Long/short</td><td>60-150</td><td>Quaternary/ Schweitzer</td></tr><tr><th><i>posthumi</i></th><td></td><td>mean 250</td><td>tracheids,</td><td>aggregate in tangential</td><td>&ldquo;homogeneous&rdquo;, end-to-</td><td>3-45</td><td>tangential</td><td></td><td>Sumatra</td><td>1958</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>5-10,</td><td>nonseptate,</td><td>bands, diffuse, around</td><td>end fusion</td><td></td><td>lines, diffuse,</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>tyloses</td><td>thin-to-thick</td><td>canals,</td><td></td><td></td><td>(double lines)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>walled?</td><td>crystals in enlarged cells</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Shoreoxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>200-240</td><td>Nonseptate, thin</td><td>Vasicentric, irregularly</td><td>1-4 seriate, 6-10/mm,</td><td>750-1450</td><td>Short/long?</td><td>70-190</td><td>Miocene /</td><td>Sukiman 1977</td></tr><tr><th><i>pachitanensis</i></th><td></td><td>6-10,</td><td>to thick-walled</td><td>banded, around canals</td><td>heterocellular 1-n marginal</td><td>-</td><td>tangential</td><td></td><td>Java</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>tyloses</td><td></td><td></td><td>cells</td><td></td><td>lines</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Shoreoxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>155-230</td><td>Nonseptate,</td><td>Diffuse, diffuse-in-</td><td>(1-5)3-4 seriate, 5-8/mm,</td><td>484-1870</td><td>Diffuse, long/</td><td>-</td><td>Tertiary /</td><td>Bande &amp;</td></tr><tr><th><i>ornatum</i></th><td></td><td>5-9,</td><td>vasicentric</td><td>aggregate, vasicentric,</td><td>heterocellular 2-12 marginal -</td><td>short</td><td></td><td>India</td><td>Prakash</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>solitary,</td><td>tracheids</td><td>banded around canals</td><td>cells, sheath cells</td><td></td><td>tangential</td><td></td><td></td><td>1980,</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>tyloses</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>lines of 2-3,</td><td></td><td></td><td>Trivedi &amp;</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(double or</td><td></td><td></td><td>Ahuja 1979</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>triple rows)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Shoreoxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>90-300</td><td>Vasicentric</td><td>Banded in thin lines,</td><td>(1-7)3-5 seriate, few</td><td>&lt;1200</td><td>Long tangential</td><td>&lt;140</td><td>Mio-Plio/</td><td>Prakash &amp;</td></tr><tr><th><i>irrawaddiensis</i></th><td></td><td>6-8, tyloses tracheids,</td><td>vasicentric,</td><td>uniseriate, 5-8/mm,</td><td>up to 50</td><td>lines</td><td></td><td>Myanmar Bande 1980</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>nonseptate</td><td>banded around canals</td><td>homocellular to weakly</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>heterocellular 1 marginal</th></tr><tr><th>cell</th></tr></tbody></table>