Fig. 2 in Nests and Brood Balls ofCoprophanaeus(Coprophanaeus)Cyanescens(Olsoufieff, 1924) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

Fig. 2. Brood balls of Coprophanaeus cyanescens. A) External view of a pear-shaped brood ball; note the borings on the wall of the brood ball (arrow), scale bar = 1 cm, B) Pits produced by the appendages of the brood ball constructor (detail) on the external surface of the wall, scale bar = 1 cm, C) Internal view of a brood ball showing the egg chamber (arrow) completely included in the thick wall, scale bar = 1 cm, D) Internal view of a brood ball showing the base of the egg chamber excavated by the larva; note the differences in wall thickness in that area (black arrows) and the exuvia from the larva (yellow arrow), scale bar = 1 cm, E) Plug of loose soil (arrow) seen from the top of a brood ball, scale bar = 3 mm, F) Aeration conduit (arrow) in longitudinal section; the plug of loose soil is not preserved in this case, scale bar = 5 mm, G) Opening of the aeration conduit (arrow) seen from the top of a brood ball; note the roots penetrating the wall, scale bar = 1 cm, H) Roots surrounding and penetrating the wall of a brood ball that is located inside a nesting chamber, scale bar = 1 cm, I) Borings in the wall of a brood ball (arrow), scale bar = 1 cm, J) Pellets from earthworms (detail) on the external surface of a brood ball, scale bar = 1 cm, K) Nesting chamber housing an earthworm (arrow) and its pellets (detail), scale bar = 1 cm.