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FIGURE 12 in A new long-snouted Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Xingu and rio Tapajós basins, Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 12 | Uncatalogued aquarium specimens of Corydoras caramater from the rio Tapajós basin photographed alive, showing general color pattern and morphology of a male (A) and of a female (B) specimens. Photos by Hans Evers.

FIGURE 15 in A new long-snouted Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Xingu and rio Tapajós basins, Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 15 | Collecting sites of Corydoras caramater, showing (A) the rio Bacajaí, (B) a small stream tributary of the rio Bacajá, both draining to the rio Xingu, and (C) the igarapé Sonrisal, a tributary of the rio Tapajós basin, all in Pará State, Brazil.

FIGURE 11 in A new long-snouted Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Xingu and rio Tapajós basins, Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 11 | General morphology of caudal skeleton in a c&s paratype of Corydoras caramater (LIA 1073, 41.6 mm SL), showing the small cartilage (black dotted line) between upper principal and procurrent caudal-fin rays. Abbreviations: ccc: compound caudal centrum, cfr: caudal-fin principal rays, dpcr: dorsal procurrent rays, epu: epural, has: haemal spine, hyp 1–5: hypurals 1 to 5, nes: neural spine, par: parhypural, pu 2–4: preural centra 2 to 4, un: uroneural, vpcr: ventral procurrent rays. Area where the illustrated bones are located in fish's body marked in red in the miniature drawing of the new species. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 14 in A new long-snouted Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Xingu and rio Tapajós basins, Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 14 | Map showing the geographical distribution of Corydoras caramater in the rio Xingu basin (purple star: type-locality; white diamonds additional records), and in the rio Tapajós basin (yellow dot). Each symbol may represent more than one locality.

FIGURE 4 in A new long-snouted Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Xingu and rio Tapajós basins, Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 4 | Details on cranium osteological pattern in a c&s paratype of Corydoras caramater (LIA 1073, 35.9 mm SL), showing general morphology of (A) lateral ethmoid in lateral view, and of (B) mesethmoid in dorsal view. Abbreviations: f: frontal, le: lateral ethmoid, n: nasal, pes: pterotic-extrascapular, pso: parieto-supraoccipital, sph: sphenotic. Additional pore of the temporal sensory canal at sphenotic outlined in yellow. Area where the illustrated bones are located in fish's body marked in red in the miniature drawing of the new species. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 2 in Patterns of growth and natural mortality in Lysapsus bolivianus (Anura, Hylidae, Pseudae) in an environmental protection area in the estuary of the Amazon River

Fig. 2. Weight-length relationships in adult male and female Lysapsus bolivianus from the Rio Curiaú EPA on the estuary of the Amazon River, in northern Brazil.

Fig. 4 in Patterns of growth and natural mortality in Lysapsus bolivianus (Anura, Hylidae, Pseudae) in an environmental protection area in the estuary of the Amazon River

Fig. 4. Von Bertalanffy's growth curves for (A) male and (B) female Lysapsus bolivianus from the Rio Curiaú EPA in Amapá, Brazil.

Fig. 3 in Patterns of growth and natural mortality in Lysapsus bolivianus (Anura, Hylidae, Pseudae) in an environmental protection area in the estuary of the Amazon River

Fig. 3. Plot of the Ford-Walford estimates of growth parameters (SVL, k) of adult (A) male and (B) female Lysapsus bolivianus ∞ from the Rio Curiaú EPA in Amapá, Brazil. The values were estimated by the linear regressions between SVL and SVL+1 for each gender, as SVL ∞ = (a/1-b) and K = -loge b.

Fig. 1 in Patterns of growth and natural mortality in Lysapsus bolivianus (Anura, Hylidae, Pseudae) in an environmental protection area in the estuary of the Amazon River

Fig. 1. Relative frequency of the body size classes (SVL, snout–vent length; mm) recorded in the (A) adult males and females and (B) juveniles of the Lysapsus bolivianus population from the Rio Curiaú EPA on the estuary of the Amazon River, in northern Brazil.

Fig. 10. A in Ecological interactions between arthropods and small vertebrates in a lowland Amazon rainforest

Fig. 10. A more congenial relationship: the spider Pamphobeteus sp. (Theraphosidae) and Chiasmocleis royi. Photo by Emanuele Biggi.

Fig. 9 in Ecological interactions between arthropods and small vertebrates in a lowland Amazon rainforest

Fig. 9. (A) Osteocephalus cf. leprieurii infected by several fly larvae; part of the skin of the infected area was removed to show cavity with degraded tissue and one fly larva (on right); (B) Dendropsophus leali and fly larvae (Diptera) that emerged through the frog's mouth; (C) Ranitomeya uakarii infected by a maggot that emerged from a small round lesion on its back. Photos by Rudolf von May (A), Daniel Rabosky (B), and Valia Herrera (C).

Fig. 7 in Ecological interactions between arthropods and small vertebrates in a lowland Amazon rainforest

Fig. 7. (A) A wandering spider (Ctenidae) preying upon Hamptophryne boliviana; (B) the spider Ancylometes sp. (Ctenidae) preying upon an adult Dendropsophus sarayacuensis; (C) giant water bug (Belostomatidae) preying upon an adult Dendropsophus minutus; the belostomatid was guarding a clutch of eggs (likely its own clutch). Photos by Erin Westeen (A) and María Isabel Díaz (B–C).

Fig. 8 in Ecological interactions between arthropods and small vertebrates in a lowland Amazon rainforest

Fig. 8. (A) Stingless bees in the genus Trigona (Apidae) preying upon a clutch of tree frog eggs (Hylidae) at a temporary pond located in terra firme forest; (B) the spider Phoneutria sp. (Ctenidae) preying upon an adult Dendropsophus kamagarini. Photos by Rudolf von May (A) and Roy Santa-Cruz (B).

Fig. 6 in Ecological interactions between arthropods and small vertebrates in a lowland Amazon rainforest

Fig. 6. (A) Theraphosid spider Pamphobeteus sp. (Theraphosidae) preying upon the mouse opossum Marmosops cf. noctivagus; (B) The same individual of Pamphobeteus sp. dragging the mouse opossum on the leaf litter. Photos by Maggie Grundler (A–B).

Fig. 5 in Ecological interactions between arthropods and small vertebrates in a lowland Amazon rainforest

Fig. 5. (A) Juvenile snake Dipsas catesbyi with lesion caused by scolopendrid centipede (red arrow); (B) juvenile snake Micrurus obscurus, missing head and soft tissues on most anterior part of body as a result of predation by scolopendrid centipede. Photos by Joanna Larson (A–B).

Fig. 1 in Ecological interactions between arthropods and small vertebrates in a lowland Amazon rainforest

Fig. 1. (A) The spider Ancylometes sp. (Ctenidae) preying upon an adult Dendropsophus leali; (B) the spider Phoneutria sp. (Ctenidae) preying on a sub-adult Hamptophryne boliviana. Photos by Emanuele Biggi (A) and Francesco Tomasinelli (B).

Fig. 4 in Ecological interactions between arthropods and small vertebrates in a lowland Amazon rainforest

Fig. 4. The spider Ctenus sp. (Ctenidae) preying upon a subadult Cercosaura eigenmani. Photo by Mark Cowan.

Fig. 3 in Ecological interactions between arthropods and small vertebrates in a lowland Amazon rainforest

Fig. 3. (A) A theraphosid spider, cf. Pamphobeteus sp. (Theraphosidae), preying upon Hamptophryne boliviana; (B) a ctenid spider (Ctenidae) preying upon Leptodactylus didymus. Photos by Emanuele Biggi (A) and Pascal Title (C).

Fig. 2 in Ecological interactions between arthropods and small vertebrates in a lowland Amazon rainforest

Fig. 2. (A) The fishing spider Thaumasia sp. (Pisauridae) preying upon a tadpole (unidentified) at a temporary pond located in terra firme forest; (B) a ctenid spider (genus undetermined; Ctenidae) preying upon a subadult Boana sp. G. Photos by Emanuele Biggi (A) and Francesco Tomasinelli (B).