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497 results for “Caatinga”
FIGURE 1 in Molecular delimitation of the seasonal killifishes of the Hypsolebias antenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), with description of two new species from the Caatinga coastal basins, northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 1. Map of northeastern Brazil showing the distribution of the Hypsolebias antenori species-group. Stars represent type localities, and circles indicate sampled localities. Hypsolebias bonita new species in pink, H. antenori in red, H. gongobira new species in orange (syntopic with H. longignatus), H. martinsi in yellow, H. coamazonicus in green, H. faouri in light blue, H. igneus in dark blue, and H. nudiorbitatus in purple. Dark blue lines represent hydrographic basins of the Caatinga ecoregions, Maranhão-Piauí (MAPE), Mid-Northeastern Caatinga (MNCE), Northeastern Atlantic Forest (NAFE) São Francisco (SFRE).
FIGURE 8 in Molecular delimitation of the seasonal killifishes of the Hypsolebias antenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), with description of two new species from the Caatinga coastal basins, northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 8. Caudal fin of living males: Hypsolebias gongobira new species (A), H. antenori (B) e H. bonita new species (C).
FIGURE 7 in Molecular delimitation of the seasonal killifishes of the Hypsolebias antenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), with description of two new species from the Caatinga coastal basins, northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 7. Type-locality of Hypsolebias bonita new species, Brazil, Rio Grande do Norte, Baraúna, seasonal pool in the Furna Feia National Park.
Data from: Individual and interactive effects of chronic anthropogenic disturbance and rainfall on taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic composition and diversity of extrafloral nectary-bearing plants in Brazilian Caatinga
<p>Chronic anthropogenic disturbance (CAD) and climate change represent two of the major threats to biodiversity globally, but their combined effects are not well understood. Here we investigate the individual and interactive effects of increasing CAD and decreasing rainfall on the composition and taxonomic (TD), functional (FD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD) of plants possessing extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) in semi-arid Brazilian Caatinga. EFNs attract ants that protect plants against insect herbivore attack and are extremely prevalent in the Caatinga flora. EFN-bearing plants were censused along gradients of disturbance and rainfall in Catimbau National Park in north-eastern Brazil. We recorded a total of 2,243 individuals belonging to 21 species. Taxonomic and functional composition varied along the rainfall gradient, but not along the disturbance gradient. There was a significant interaction between increasing disturbance and decreasing rainfall, with CAD leading to decreased TD, FD and PD in the most arid areas, and to increased TD, FD and PD in the wettest areas. We found a strong phylogenetic signal in the EFN traits we analysed, which explains the strong matching between patterns of FD and PD along the environmental gradients. The interactive effects of disturbance and rainfall revealed by our study indicate that the decreased rainfall forecast for Caatinga under climate change will increase the sensitivity of EFN-bearing plants to anthropogenic disturbance. This has important implications for the availability of a key food resource, which would likely have cascading effects on higher trophic levels.</p>
Taxonomic and functional compositions and environmental data of 19 seedling assemblages in a Caatinga dry forest
<p>We used these information to assess the structure, composition, and diversity of woody seedling assemblages across 19 forest stands in a human-modified landscape of Caatinga dry forest, assessing the role played by rainfall, aboveground biomass, and chronic anthropogenic disturbances (i.e., livestock grazing pressure and wood extraction) as assembly forces. We quantified a large set of community-level attributes including functional traits related to water availability, physical protection, and survival success. We recorded a total of 544 seedlings from 59 species.</p>
Restoration priorities for Caatinga dry forests: landscape resilience, connectivity and biodiversity value
<p>1. Restoration actions can halt biodiversity loss and rescue its services. However, in order to be effective, priority areas for restoration should be chosen based on objective large-scale restoration planning. Here, a multi-criteria graph theory (GT) framework is proposed to indicate priority areas for active restoration, based on landscape resilience, landscape connectivity, and biodiversity conservation value, focusing on threatened endemic plant species.</p> <p>2. We applied this GT framework to 10,406 catchment basins of the Brazilian Caatinga, the largest seasonally dry tropical forest of the New World. Vegetation cover and within-catchment connectivity were used to identify catchments of intermediate landscape resilience, which in principle offer more effective opportunities for restoration. Then, such catchments were independently classified into (i) three classes according their value for between-catchment connectivity and (ii) three classes of biodiversity conservation value, based on richness of threatened, endemic plant species. By the integration of landscape resilience, landscape connectivity and biodiversity conservation values, three priority classes for restoration were generated.</p> <p>3. The multi-criteria framework generated several restoration priority cut-offs. Prioritization based on landscape resilience selected 36% of the Caatinga catchments as high priority for restoration. By independently adding landscape connectivity and biodiversity conservation value, only 12% and 3% of the catchments, respectively, were considered high priority. By combining all three criteria, 9% of the catchments were selected as high priority and less than 1% as top priority for restoration.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications: The multicriteria GT framework for restoration prioritization, which maximizes the effectiveness of restoration actions, landscape connectivity for climate change adaptation and conservation of threatened species, can be applied worldwide under different budged limitations and spatial scales, being useful for private, state, and federal initiatives.</p>
FIGURE 4 in Redescription of the external and internal oral cavity morphology of the tadpole of Ceratophrys aurita (Raddi, 1823) (Anura: Ceratophryidae) from the Caatinga domain, Bahia, northeast Brazil
FIGURE 4. Internal oral cavity of Ceratophrys aurita (Stage 28). (A) Buccal roof and (B) Buccal floor. bfa, buccal floor arena; bfap, buccal floor arena papillae; bp, buccal pocket; dv, dorsal velum; in, internal nares; ip, infralabial papillae; lp, lingual papillae; mr, median ridge; p, pustulation; pa, prenarial arena; pta, postnarial arena; ptp, postnarial papillae; vv, ventral velum.
FIGURE 3 in Redescription of the external and internal oral cavity morphology of the tadpole of Ceratophrys aurita (Raddi, 1823) (Anura: Ceratophryidae) from the Caatinga domain, Bahia, northeast Brazil
FIGURE 3. Morphological structures of Ceratophrys aurita (Stage 28). (A) Reniform nostril. (B) Round nostril. (C) Spiracle in lateral view. (D) Vent tube in ventral view.
FIGURE 1 in Redescription of the external and internal oral cavity morphology of the tadpole of Ceratophrys aurita (Raddi, 1823) (Anura: Ceratophryidae) from the Caatinga domain, Bahia, northeast Brazil
FIGURE 1. Distribution of Ceratophrys aurita. (A) Distribution along the Atlantic Forest domain (data based on Lynch 1982 and Carvalho-e-Silva et al. 2004). (B) New record of C. aurita (red star) from Caatinga domain (Floresta Nacional (FLONA), Contendas do Sincorá municipality). (C) Semi-temporary pond in the rainy season where tadpoles of C. aurita were collected.
Distribution. NE Brazil, at E border of semiarid Caatinga ecoregion ("sertao") and Caatinga—Atlantic Forest ecotone ("agreste") of Alagoas, Sergipe, and Bahia states. Previous records outside this area could be misidentifications. in Phyllostomidae
Distribution. NE Brazil, at E border of semiarid Caatinga ecoregion ("sertao") and Caatinga—Atlantic Forest ecotone ("agreste") of Alagoas, Sergipe, and Bahia states. Previous records outside this area could be misidentifications.
FIGURE 5 in Pseudobombax furadense (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae), a new species from the Caatingas Domain, Brazil
FIGURE 5. Distribution map of Pseudobombax species occurring in the Caatingas Domain. Endemic species of the Caatingas Domain: P. calcicola, P. parvifolium, P. simplicifolium and Pseudobombax furadense Gianasi & Santos, sp. nov. P marginatum is widely distributed (occurring in the Caatingas, Cerrado, and Pantanal), but the map only shows its occurrence points in the Caatingas.
FIGURE 1. Furados A in Pseudobombax furadense (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae), a new species from the Caatingas Domain, Brazil
FIGURE 1. Furados A. Aerial view of the Furados microhabitat in Montalvânia (Minas Gerais state, Brazil). Circled in red and surrounded by dense Arboreal Caatinga vegetation feature the exposed limestone. B. A closer view of the dense Arboreal Caatinga vegetation during the wet season. C. A closer view of the limestone slabs; note that the trees inhabiting this environment are scarce.
FIGURE 3 in Pseudobombax furadense (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae), a new species from the Caatingas Domain, Brazil
FIGURE 3. Pseudobombax furadense Gianasi & Santos, sp. nov.: A. Flowering branch. B. Ovary. C. Detailed view of the calyx with outer surface sparsely pilose. D. Stamens and staminal tube.
FIGURE 4 in Pseudobombax furadense (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae), a new species from the Caatingas Domain, Brazil
FIGURE 4. Pseudobombax furadense Gianasi & Santos, sp. nov.: A. Flowers terminal or subterminal, solitary or in groups of 2–4, receptacle with 1 whorl of ca. 6 glands; calyx cupuliform, outer surface sparsely pilose to pilose with branched trichomes and stamens cream. B. Leaflets obovate to widely depressed obovate with adaxial and abaxial surfaces pilose to densely pilose with branched trichomes and fruit with valves woody, glabrous, kapok clear brown; scale bar = 1cm. C. Leaves united at the apex in brachyblasts. Detailed view: D. Branched trichomes in the adaxial surface. E. Branched trichomes in the abaxial surface. F. Ovary lepidote. G. Seed clear brown, spots gray. Scale bar = 1mm.
FIGURE 8 in Morphological variation and genealogical discordance in Caatinga sand lizards Calyptommatus Rodrigues 1991 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) with the description of a new species
FIGURE 8. Comparative of head scales of Calyptommatus species from dorsal view (left) and lateral view (right). (A) C. sinebrachiatus (MTR39001); (B) C. confusionibus (MTR24343); (C) C. frontalis sp. nov. (MZUSP 106738); (D) C. leiolepis (MTR39096); (E) C. nicterus (ACG44). Scale bars correspond to 2 mm.
FIGURE 6 in Morphological variation and genealogical discordance in Caatinga sand lizards Calyptommatus Rodrigues 1991 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) with the description of a new species
FIGURE 6. Habitat where Calyptommatus frontalis sp. nov. was collected, showing the typical deciduous caatinga vegetation over sandy soils present in the region during A) wet season and B) dry season.
FIGURE 9 in Morphological variation and genealogical discordance in Caatinga sand lizards Calyptommatus Rodrigues 1991 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) with the description of a new species
FIGURE 9. Comparative of dorsal scales in Calyptommatus. (A) C. sinebrachiatus (MTR39001); (B) C. confusionibus (MTR24343); (C) C. frontalis sp. nov. (MZUSP 106753; MTR38962); (D) C. sp.2 (MTR18055); (E) C. leiolepis (MTR39096); (F) C. nicterus (ACG44). Scale bar corresponds to 2 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Morphological variation and genealogical discordance in Caatinga sand lizards Calyptommatus Rodrigues 1991 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) with the description of a new species
FIGURE 5. Paratype of Calyptommatus frontalis sp. nov. in life from Brejo do Poção, Buritirama, state of Bahia, northeast Brazil.
FIGURE 4 in Morphological variation and genealogical discordance in Caatinga sand lizards Calyptommatus Rodrigues 1991 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) with the description of a new species
FIGURE 4. Details of body scalation of the holotype of Calyptommatus frontalis sp. nov. (MZUSP 106738, field number MTR 38950): A) dorsal view at midbody; B) ventral view at midbody; C) lateral view at midbody; D) precloacal region and hindlimbs. Scale bars correspond to 2 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Morphological variation and genealogical discordance in Caatinga sand lizards Calyptommatus Rodrigues 1991 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) with the description of a new species
FIGURE 3. Calyptommatus frontalis sp. nov., adult female holotype: Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of head (MZUSP 106738, field number MTR 38950).
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