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Fig. 2 in New discoveries of the genus Thuricola Kent, 1881 (Ciliophora, Peritrichia, Vaginicolidae), with descriptions of three poorly known species from China
Fig. 2. Morphology and ciliature of Thuricola obconica. (A) Narrow side view of an individual with two zooids. (B) Narrow side view of an individual with single zooid. (C) Narrow side view of an individual with single zooid, to show macronucleus. (D) Wide side view of an individual with two zooids. (E) Wide side view of lorica. (F–H) Narrow side view of different curved lorica. (I) Base of lorica. (J) Detail of pellicle, to show the transverse striations and trochal band. (K) Model pattern of oral ciliature. (L) Macronucleus after protargol staining. (M) Oral ciliature. (N) Detail of infundibular polykineties. (O) T. obconica from Kahl (1933). (P) T. obconica from Kahl (1935). (Q) T. obconica from Bock (1952). (R) T. kamptostoma from Bock (1952) (synonym of T. obconica). (S) T. obconica from Biernacka (1963) (pos- sible misidentification). (T) T. obconica from Küsters (1974) (probably misidentified). (U) T. obconica from Shen & Gu (2016). EM1–2, epistomial membrane 1–2; G, germinal kinety; H, haplokinety; JM, junctional membrane; LB, lorica base; Ma, macronucleus; Po, polykinety; P1–3, infundibular polykineties 1–3; TB, trochal band; Val, valve. Scale bars = 100 μm (A, B, D); 50 μm (E–H, L, O–U).
Fig. 3 in Redescription of Dexiotricha colpidiopsis (Kahl, 1926) Jankowski, 1964 (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) from a Hot Spring in Iceland with Identification Key for Dexiotricha species
Fig. 3. Photomicrographs of Dexiotricha colpidiopsis from live (A–D; A with bright field illumination, C–D with differential interference contrast microscopy), after dry silver nitrate staining (E), and after protargol-impregnation (F–I). (A, B) Ventrolateral views showing the subterminal contractile vacuole (arrows) and the caudal cilium (arrowhead). (C) Right lateral view showing the transverse row of cilia (arrows). (D) Slightly compressed specimens showing the subterminal contractile vacuole (arrows). (E) Showing the position of the contractile vacuole pore (arrow). (F, G) Ventral and dorsal views of the type specimen. (H, I) Right and left lateral views. M1–3, membranelles 1–3; Ma, macronucleus; Mi, micronucleus; PK, postoral kinety, PM, paroral membrane. Scale bars: 25 µm.
Fig. 5 in Integrative Studies on the Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny of a Soil Ciliate, Parakahliella macrostoma (Foissner, 1982) Berger et al., 1985 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia)
Fig. 5. Morphogenesis in Parakahliella macrostoma pop.2 from early to late stages (after protargol staining). (A) early divider, showing the oral primordium. (B–G) middle divider. (H, I) late divider. Arrows in (B) mark the left marginal anlagen; arrows point to the left frontoventral row primordia (D, F, H), arrowheads indicate the right frontoventral row primordia (D, F, H) and the newly formed caudal cirri (E, G, I); short lines connect buccal cirri (F, H), dotted ellipses indicate the parabuccal cirri (F, H); asterisks mark the additional frontoventral streaks (D, F, H). DKA, dorsal kineties anlagen; LMA, left marginal anlagen; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; OP, oral primordium; RMA, right marginal anlagen; UMA, undulating membrane anlage; 1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen. Scale bars: 100 μm in A, D, E and 120 μm in F–I.
Fig. 2 in Morphology and Sequence Data of Mexican Populations of the Ciliate Parasite of Marine Fishes Trichodina rectuncinata (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae)
Fig. 2. Photomicrographs of silver-impregnated adhesive discs and diagrammatic drawings of the denticles of respective morphotypes studied in the present paper; a and a'. From Enneanectes reticulatus, San Carlos, Sonora. b and b'. From Enneanectes reticulatus, San Carlos, Sonora. c and c'. From Tomicodon zebra, Zihuatanejo, Guerrero. d and d'. From Tomicodon zebra, Cuatunalco, Oaxaca.
Fig. 3 in Morphology and Sequence Data of Mexican Populations of the Ciliate Parasite of Marine Fishes Trichodina rectuncinata (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae)
Fig. 3. Bayesian inference tree of sequences of the 18S gene of trichodinid species of the genus Trichodina and Trichodinella, emphasizing on Trichodina rectuncinata. Numbers near internal nodes show the support value. Codes: ♦ Cuatunalco; * Zihuatanejo; ● San Carlos.
Fig. 1 in Morphology and Sequence Data of Mexican Populations of the Ciliate Parasite of Marine Fishes Trichodina rectuncinata (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae)
Fig. 1. Map showing the location of Mexico, and localities where populations of Trichodina rectuncinata were obtained.
Fig. 6 in Morphology of Three Aloricate Choreotrich ciliates, Including Description of a New Species Parastrombidinopsis costalis sp. n. (Ciliophora, Choreotrichia), and phylogeny of the genus Parastrombidinopsis
Fig. 6. Drawings and photomicrographs of Parastrombidinopsis minima from life (A, E–G) and after protargol staining (B–D, H–M). (A, F, G) Views of three individuals showing the body shape. (B, C) Ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen showing the ciliature. (D, H, I) Detail of collar membranelles; the arrows mark the ventral gap. (E) From Tsai et al. (2008). (J) Somatic ciliature. (K) An early divider; arrowhead marks the oral primordium. (L, M) Ventral and dorsal views of same specimen showing the ciliature. CM, collar membranelles; E, endoral membrane; SK, somatic kinety. Scale bars: 25 μm.
Fig. 7 in Morphology of Three Aloricate Choreotrich ciliates, Including Description of a New Species Parastrombidinopsis costalis sp. n. (Ciliophora, Choreotrichia), and phylogeny of the genus Parastrombidinopsis
Fig. 7. Bayesian-Inference tree inferred from SSU rRNA gene sequences, indicating the polygenetic positions of species of the genus Parastrombidinopsis. Numbers at the nodes represent support values in the following order: BI posterior probabilities and ML bootstrap values. Disagreements in topology between the BI and ML trees are indicated by a hyphen. Nodes that were well supported (1.00 BI; 100% ML) are represented by filled circles. Bar = 5 substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions. Species sequenced in the present study are shown in bold type.
Fig. 4 in Morphology of Three Aloricate Choreotrich ciliates, Including Description of a New Species Parastrombidinopsis costalis sp. n. (Ciliophora, Choreotrichia), and phylogeny of the genus Parastrombidinopsis
Fig. 4. Parastrombidinopsis pelagica (Fauré-Fremiet, 1924) comb. n. from life (A–D, F) and after protargol staining (E, G–I). (A, B) Ventral views of two individuals. (C) Swimming pattern. (D) Different individuals to show the variations in body shape. (E) Detail of oral membranelles. (F) From Fauré-Fremiet (1924). (G, H) Ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen showing the ciliature. (I) Lateral view of a specimen. CM, collar membranelles; Ma, macronucleus; Mi, micronucleus; SK, somatic kinety. Scale bars: 50 μm.
Fig. 3. A–G in Morphogenesis and Molecular Characterization of a Little Known Soil Ciliate, Oxytricha nauplia Berger et Foissner, 1987 (Ciliophora, Sporadotrichida)
Fig. 3. A–G. Morphogenesis of Oxytricha nauplia after protargol staining. (A) A section of ventral side of an early divider to show the three parts of oral primordium (arrowheads). (B) Ventral view of an early divider to show that basal bodies in oral primordium start mixing together (arrowhead) and a little group of basal bodies formed de novo at the right of postoral ventral cirrus V/4 (arrow). (C) Ventral view of an early divider to show the cirrus IV/2 is disorganized and the basal bodies at the right of postoral ventral cirrus V/4 are proliferated into a larger region (arrowhead). (D, E) Ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen, arrows in D show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage arisen, arrowheads show that the right marginal anlage of the opisthe and proter, and hollow arrow depicts the newly formed membranelles; arrowheads in E show dorsal kineties anlagen. (F, G) Ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen, showing the 6 streaks of frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage, arrowheads show the left marginal anlage of the opisthe and proter. DK, dorsal kinety; I to VI represent anlagen I to VI. Scale bars = 30 μm.
Fig. 5 in New discoveries of the genus Thuricola Kent, 1881 (Ciliophora, Peritrichia, Vaginicolidae), with descriptions of three poorly known species from China
Fig. 5. Photomicrographs of Thuricola kellicottiana in vivo (A–P) and after protargol staining (Q–T). (A–C) Narrow side view of individuals with two zooids (A, B) and single zooid (C). (D) Wide side view of a single zooid individual. (E–G) Narrow side views of different individuals, arrowheads mark contractile vacuoles. (H) Detail of pellicle, to show the transverse striations. (I) Narrow side view of lorica, arrowhead marks the valve spine. (J–L) Wide side view of lorica, arrows mark junctional membrane, arrowheads mark valve spine. (O) Narrow side view of anterior portion of lorica, arrows mark valves, arrowheads marks valve spine. (P) Posterior portion, arrows mark the bulge in the lorica, arrowhead marks junctional membrane around the inner stalk. (Q, R) Ciliature of two specimens, arrowhead marks trochal band. (S) Oral ciliature, arrow marks epistomial membrane 2. (T) Detail of infundibular polykinety 1–3, arrow marks epistomial membrane 2. G, germinal kinety; H, haplokinety; Ma, macronucleus; P1–3, infundibular polykineties 1–3. Scale bars = 100 μm.
Fig. 3 in Morphology of Three Aloricate Choreotrich ciliates, Including Description of a New Species Parastrombidinopsis costalis sp. n. (Ciliophora, Choreotrichia), and phylogeny of the genus Parastrombidinopsis
Fig. 3. Photomicrographs of Parastrombidinopsis costalis sp. n. from life (A–F, J) and after protargol staining (G–I, K–N), (A–E, G–J, L, M) from Zhuhai population, and (F, K, N) from Sanya population. (A–C) Ventral-left, ventral, left-lateral views of one individual, arrows mark the dorsal ridge. (D, E) Ventral-left, ventral-right views of one individual; arrows mark the dorsal ridge. (F) Ventral-right view of one individual, arrow marks the dorsal ridge. (G, H) Ventral and dorsal views of one specimen, showing the somatic ciliature. (I) Ventral view of oral ciliature; arrow marks buccal membranelle. (J) Bases of oral membranelles; arrow marks buccal membranelle. (L) An early divider; arrow marks the oral primordium. (M) Two macronuclei. (K, N) Ventral and dorsal views of one specimen, showing the somatic ciliature. CM, collar membranelles; Ma, macronucleus; SK, somatic kinety. Scale bars: 25 μm (A, D); 20 μm (F); 3 μm (J).
Fig. 2 in Morphology of Three Aloricate Choreotrich ciliates, Including Description of a New Species Parastrombidinopsis costalis sp. n. (Ciliophora, Choreotrichia), and phylogeny of the genus Parastrombidinopsis
Fig. 2. Parastrombidinopsis costalis sp. n. of Zhuhai population from life (A–D) and after protargol staining (E–G). (A, B) Ventral and left lateral views of representative individuals; arrows mark the dorsal ridges. (C) Apical view, showing collar membranelles and body shape; arrow marks the dorsal ridge. (D) Locomotion. (E) Oral ciliature. (F, G) Ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen. BM, buccal membranelle; CM, collar membranelles; E, endoral membrane; SK, somatic kinety. Scale bars: 25 μm.
Fig. 2 in Integrative Studies on the Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny of a Soil Ciliate, Parakahliella macrostoma (Foissner, 1982) Berger et al., 1985 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia)
Fig. 2. Morphology of Parakahliella macrostoma pop.1 (A–C) and pop.2 (D–E) from life (A, D) and after protargol staining (B, C, E, F). (A, D) Ventral views of a representative individual. (B, C, E, F) Infraciliature of ventral and dorsal sides and macronuclear apparatus of specimens, arrowheads mark the right frontoventral row (B, E) and arrow marks the left frontoventral row (B). AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CC, caudal cirri; CV, contractile vacuole; E, endoral; FC, frontal cirri; LMR1, 2, left marginal row 1, 2; LVR, left frontoventral row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; P, paroral; PBC, parabuccal cirri; RMR1–3, right marginal row 1–3; RVR, right frontoventral row; 1–5, dorsal kineties. Scale bars: 70 μm in A–C and 60 μm in D–F.
Fig. 1 in Morphology of Three Aloricate Choreotrich ciliates, Including Description of a New Species Parastrombidinopsis costalis sp. n. (Ciliophora, Choreotrichia), and phylogeny of the genus Parastrombidinopsis
Fig. 1. Satellite photograph of South-East China (A) and pictures of sampling sites (B–E). (A) The position of Zhanjiang, Zhuhai, Haikou and Sanya. (B) Coastal waters off Zhanjiang. (C) Coastal waters off Zhuhai. (D) Brackish waters in Haikou. (E) Mangrove wetland in Sanya.
Fig. 2 in Morphogenesis and Molecular Characterization of a Little Known Soil Ciliate, Oxytricha nauplia Berger et Foissner, 1987 (Ciliophora, Sporadotrichida)
Fig. 2. Morphology of Oxytricha nauplia in vivo (A, D, E–J) and after protargol staining (B, C, K–N). (A) Ventral view of a representative individual. (B, C) Ventral (B) and dorsal (C) view of the same specimen, to show ciliature and nuclear apparatus. (D) Two different individuals to show that diversity of body shape depends on ingestion situation. (E–G) Ventral views of different individuals showing variation of body shapes. (H) Two macronuclear segments (arrowheads). (I) To show the bacterial plaques (arrowhead). (J) To show contractile vacuole and dorsal cilia (arrowheads). (K) Ventral view, to show the ciliature. (L) Dorsal view, to show the dorsal kineties, caudal cirri (arrowheads) and nuclear apparatus. (M) Magnification of the anterior ventral portion, showing the frontal, buccal, frontoventral cirri, paroral (arrowhead) and endoral membranlles. (N) Macronuclear segments and micronuclei (arrowheads). Ma, macronuclear segment. Scale bars = 45 μm.
Fig. 6 in Morphogenesis and Molecular Characterization of a Little Known Soil Ciliate, Oxytricha nauplia Berger et Foissner, 1987 (Ciliophora, Sporadotrichida)
Fig. 6. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree inferred from SSU rDNA sequences of 70 hypotrichs, and phylogenetic position of Oxytricha nauplia (red arrow). Black circle indicates four SSU rDNA sequences that include Uroleptopsis citrina (FJ870094), Nothoholosticha fasciola (FJ377548), Heterokeronopsis pulchra (JQ083600) and Anteholosticha monilata (KJ958488). Black triangle represents two SSU rDNA sequences that include Protogastrostyla sterkii (FJ870099) and Protogastrostyla pulchra (EF194082). Black square indicates two Trachelostylidae SSU rDNA sequences: Spirotrachelostyla tani (FJ870093) and Trachelostyla pediculiformis (DQ057346). Disagree- ment between ML and BI (*).
Fig. 5 in Morphogenesis and Molecular Characterization of a Little Known Soil Ciliate, Oxytricha nauplia Berger et Foissner, 1987 (Ciliophora, Sporadotrichida)
Fig. 5. Magnified photomicrographs of Oxytricha nauplia after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of an early divider to show the three parts of oral primordium (arrowheads). (B) Ventral view of an early divider to show the cirrus IV/2 is disorganized and the basal bodies at the right of postoral ventral cirrus V/4 proliferated into a larger region (arrowhead). (C) Ventral view of an early middle divider, showing the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage arisen. (D) Ventral view of a middle divider, showing the six streaks of the frontoventral–transverse cirral anlagen of proter. (E, F, G, H) Same specimen of a middle divider. (E) Ventral view of the anterior portion, showing unitized frontal–ventral–transverse cirri anlagen and the dorsomarginal kineties anlagen (arrowheads) in proter. (F) Ventral view of adoral zone of the opisthe, showing the frontal–ventral–transverse cirri of the opisthe. (G, H) Showing the fused macronucleus and the dividing micronuclei, arrowheads show the posterior fragmentation of the third dorsal kinety analge. (I) Another middle divider, arrowhead shows the anlage of cirrus I at the anterior end of undulating membranes anlagen. (J, K) The same specimen, showing the dividing of nuclear apparatus and ventral ciliature. Ma= macronuclear segments.
Fig. 8 in Integrative Studies on the Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny of a Soil Ciliate, Parakahliella macrostoma (Foissner, 1982) Berger et al., 1985 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia)
Fig. 8. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree based on the small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences. Numbers at nodes represent the bootstrap values of maximum likelihood analysis out of 1,000 replicates and the posterior probability of Bayesian analysis. "*" indicates the disagreement between BI tree and the reference ML tree. All branches are drawn to scale; scale bar corresponds to two substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions.
Fig. 7 in New discoveries of the genus Thuricola Kent, 1881 (Ciliophora, Peritrichia, Vaginicolidae), with descriptions of three poorly known species from China
Fig. 7. Photomicrographs of Thuricola folliculata in vivo (A–M) and after protargol staining (N–Q). (A–E) Narrow side views of different individuals with two zooids (A–C, E) and single zooid (D), arrows mark contractile vacuole. (F, G) Wide side views of lorica, arrows mark the junctional membrane. (H, I) Narrow side views of lorica, arrows in H mark valves, arrowheads in H mark posterior bulge of lorica, arrowheads in (I) mark anterior bulge of lorica. (J, K) Aperture of lorica. (L) Posterior portion of lorica, arrowheads mark junctional membrane. (M) Detail of pellicle, to show the transverse striations, arrow marks the aboral trochal band. (N, O) Ciliature of two specimens. (P, Q) Oral ciliature. EM1–2, epistomial membrane 1–2; G, germinal kinety; H, haplokinety; Ma, macronucleus; P1–3, infundibular polykineties 1–3; TB, trochal band. Scale bars = 100 μm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.