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Text-fig. 3. Mediocrinus stukalinae sp. n. (col.). A – nodal in facetal view. B – pluricolumnal in lateral view. C – cross section of pluricolumnal. Drawing by Radana Slámová. in New Species Of Crinoids Based On Their Columnals And Stem Fragments (Col.), From The Lower Devonian Zlíchov Limestone (Barrandian Area, The Czech Republic)
Text-fig. 3. Mediocrinus stukalinae sp. n. (col.). A – nodal in facetal view. B – pluricolumnal in lateral view. C – cross section of pluricolumnal. Drawing by Radana Slámová.
Fig. 3 in Nanostructural and geochemical features of the Jurassic isocrinid columnal ossicles
Fig. 3. Distribution of Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca in columnal plate of Chariocrinus andreae (Desor, 1845) from Gnaszyn clay pit, Poland (ZPAL Ca.7/1) obtained by NanoSIMS ion microprobe mapping (A, B, D, E). Line scans extracted from the images (C, F; "S" = start and "E" = end; vertical bars represent standard error). Note a sharp geochemical boundary between inter−stereom deposits and the stereom and heterogenous distribution of Mg in stereom with higher concentrations in the middle−zone of the skeletal bar. There is also clear difference between Sr content between inter−sterom deposits and stereom, however, due to low count rate, any possible differences within the stereom bar cannot be resolved.
Fig. 2 in Nanostructural and geochemical features of the Jurassic isocrinid columnal ossicles
Fig. 2. Micro− and nanostructural organization and basic geochemical characteristics of the Middle Jurassic (Middle Bathonian) isocrinid columnals from Gnaszyn clay pit, Poland. A. Transverse section of the columnal (beige in color) of Chariocrinus andreae (Desor, 1845), GIUS 8−2570 (A2 enlargement) in optical microscope (A1, A2) and in SEM back−scattered electron (BSE; A6, A7) images. Nanogranular organization of the stereom in AFM images (A4, A9 height−2D, and A5, A10 deflection images respectively; contact mode; buffered pH = 8, ammonium persulfate 1%, 10 min.). B. Slightly oblique section of the columnal (black in color) of Balanocrinus berchteni Hess and Pugin 1983, GIUS 8−2510 (B2 enlargement) in optical microscope (B1, B2) and in BSE (B6–B8) images. Note a clear border between stereom with distinct nanogranular texture and inter−stereom deposits with more flat surface (parallel lines are polishing scratches); B4, B10 height, and B5, B11 phase images, respectively. BSE mode enhances atomic number contrast; elements with lower atomic numbers appear darker, those with higher atomic numbers appear lighter (e.g., framboidal pyrite grains, B7). Spot geochemical analyses of the stereom (A3, B3) and inter−stereom deposits (A8, B9).
Fig. 1. A in Nanostructural and geochemical features of the Jurassic isocrinid columnal ossicles
Fig. 1. A. Simplified map of Poland with position of investigated Gnaszyn locality. B. Enlargement of Gnaszyn area with a clay pit from which crinoid samples were collected (modified after Zatoń et al. 2006). C. Stratigraphic column of the Bathonian deposits at Gnaszyn clay pit (modified after Majewski 2000).
Fig. 8 in The digital Plateosaurus II: An assessment of the range of motion of the limbs and vertebral column and of previous reconstructions using a digital skeletal mount
Fig. 8. Digital skeleton mount of prosauropod Plateosaurus engelhardti Meyer, 1837 GPIT1, from Trossingen, Germany, posed to conform to drawings by Paul (1987, 2000; Fig. 2A). A. Left antepodium and manus in lateral and dorsal view. B. Right antepodium and manus in medial and dorsal view. C. Right crus and pes in medial view. Note intersection of tarsals and metatarsals with crus. D. Pelvis and femora in lateral view. E. Anteroventral view, parallel with the long axis of the dorsal column, of the pelvis and femora and the last five dorsal ribs. F. Lateral view of "gallop" position. Note gaps in knees and neck. Length of ulna 239 mm, length of fibula 463 mm, length of femur 595 mm.
Fig. 7 in The digital Plateosaurus II: An assessment of the range of motion of the limbs and vertebral column and of previous reconstructions using a digital skeletal mount
Fig. 7. Digital skeleton mount of prosauropod Plateosaurus engelhardti Meyer, 1837 GPIT1, from Trossingen, Germany, posed: head at ground level (A), hands at ground level (B), resting pose in lateral (C) and dorsal (D) views. Length of femur 595 mm.
Fig. 4 in The digital Plateosaurus II: An assessment of the range of motion of the limbs and vertebral column and of previous reconstructions using a digital skeletal mount
Fig. 4. Range of motion of prosauropod Plateosaurus engelhardti Meyer, 1837 using the digital skeleton mount of GPIT, from Trossingen, Germany. A. Lateral view of cervicals in neutral articulation, maximal dorsiflexion and maximal ventriflexion. B. Dorsal view of cervicals in neutral articulation and maximal lateral flexion. C–F. Dorsal vertebral column and ribcage in dorsal view in maximal lateral flexion (C), lateral view in maximal ventriflexion (D), lateral view in maximal dorsiflexion (E); air exchange volume determination (F). Pink ribs and dark green volume = exhaled volume, red ribs and translucent green volume = inhaled volume. See text for further explanation. G. Tail in lateral view, showing (top to bottom) dorsiflexion at 10° and at 5° per joint, neutral articulation, maximum ventriflexion. H. Tail in dorsal view, straight and at 10° lateral flexion. Length of cervical series 103 cm, length of dorsal series 137 cm, length of caudal series 261 cm. Anterior to the left in A–C and F–H, to the right in D and E.
Fig. 3 in The digital Plateosaurus II: An assessment of the range of motion of the limbs and vertebral column and of previous reconstructions using a digital skeletal mount
Fig. 3. Examples for the influence of soft tissues on joint motions. A. Outline drawing of caudals 5 and 6 of salt−water crocodile Crocodylus porosus, IPFUB OS 13 in dorsal view. Anterior is up. Caudal 6 is shown in positions with full, 50% and minimal zyapophysal overlap (0°, 10°, 21°, respectively). Width of caudal 5 across transverse processes is 113 mm. B–D. Ulnae of stegosaur Kentrosaurus aethiopicus Hennig, 1915 from the Upper Jurassic Tendaguru Formation of Tanzania, in anterior (B1–D1) and lateral (B2–D2) views. Right (B, field number St [unknown]) and left (C, field number St 113) ulnae, both part of GPIT 1424 (mounted skeleton). D. Left ulna (part of skeletal mount in MFN) MB.R.4800.33 (length 306 mm) shows cartilage preservation on the distal and especially proximal end, preserving a large olceranon process.
Fig. 6 in The digital Plateosaurus II: An assessment of the range of motion of the limbs and vertebral column and of previous reconstructions using a digital skeletal mount
Fig. 6. Range of motion of the hind limb of prosauropod Plateosaurus engelhardti Meyer, 1837 using the digital skeleton mount of GPIT1, from Trossingen, Germany. A–H. Left pes in left to right: flexion, probable standing pose, extension, in lateral (A), medial (B), oblique (C–F), plantar (G), and dorsal (H) views. Length of metatarsal III 231 mm. I–K. Pelvis and left hind limb, in lateral (I, J) and anterior (K) views. I, K, probable standing (blue) and minimally possible flexion (resting) pose; J, maximum femur protraction and retraction angles for locomotion, resulting stride length 1.34 m. L. Left hind limb showing knee range of motion. Crus positions left to right: maximal extension, maximum flexion under large loads, maximum flexion for resting. M. Crus in lateral view, showing maximum ankle flexion and extension under load. Length of fibula 463 mm.
Fig. 2 in The digital Plateosaurus II: An assessment of the range of motion of the limbs and vertebral column and of previous reconstructions using a digital skeletal mount
Fig. 2. Skeletal reconstructions of prosauropod Plateosaurus engelhardti Meyer, 1837, redrawn from: A. Paul (1987, 2000). B. Wellnhofer (1994). C. Jaekel (1913–1914). D. Huene (1926). E. Galton (1990). F. Weishampel and Westphal (1986). G. Scott Hartmann. (www.skeletaldrawing.com). Typical femur length of Plateosaurus is 0.6 to 0.8 m.
Fig. 5 in The digital Plateosaurus II: An assessment of the range of motion of the limbs and vertebral column and of previous reconstructions using a digital skeletal mount
Fig. 5. Range of motion of the fore limb of prosauropod Plateosaurus engelhardti Meyer, 1837 using the digital skeleton mount of GPIT1, from Trossingen, Germany. A–E. Left scapula and fore limb in anterior (A), anterolateral (B), anteromedial (C), lateral (D), and dorsal (E) views. Equal colors are identical positions. B is parallel, C is perpendicular to the main axis (flexion/extension) of the glenoid. Length of humerus 350 mm. Dashed line(s) refer to: body midline (A), orthogonal to scapula blade long axis (B), body midline and main axis of glenoid (C). Red numbers in B refer to elbow, black to humerus flexion/extension. Numbers in C refer to humerus abduction/adduction versus the vertical. F. Left radius and ulna in articulation in (top row) proximolateral, medial view, (bottom row) distal and lateral views. Length of ulna 237 mm. G. Radius and ulna in proximal view. Dotted line indicates main joint axis of elbow. Circle and lines show method for determination of theoretical maximal pronation angle. H–M. Left manus. H, I. Left to right: flexion, neutral position and extension in dorsal (H) and palmar (I) views. Digit IV duplicated in neutral position views to show lateromedial deviation range. J–M. Oblique views of flexion (J, K) and extension (L, M). Length of metacarpal III 97 mm.
Fig. 9 in The digital Plateosaurus II: An assessment of the range of motion of the limbs and vertebral column and of previous reconstructions using a digital skeletal mount
Fig. 9. Digital skeleton mount of prosauropod Plateosaurus engelhardti Meyer, 1837 GPIT1, from Trossingen, Germany. A. Anterior view of the pectoral girdle and forelimbs posed to conform to the life−sized, bipedal SMNS model (Fig. 1J) of Plateosaurus engelhardti. Dotted line indicates body outline of the model. Note gaps in elbows and wrists and too large gap between coracoids (arrows). B. Anterior view of the pelvic girdle posed to conform to the life−sized, bipedal SMNS model (Fig. 1J). Note gaps in the pelvis between sacrum and ilia, and between ilia and pubes (arrows). C. Virtual skeleton posed to conform to the toy model version (Fig. 1L) of the new SMNS quadrupedal model (Fig. 1K, L) of Plateosaurus engelhardti. Dotted line indicates body outline of the model. Arrows mark skeleton's (upper) and model's (lower arrow) knee joint. Note gaps in forelimbs and posterior ribs extending below the pubes. Length of the femur 595 mm, length of the ulna 239 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Water column use by reef fishes of different color patterns
FIGURE 3 | Coloration of reef fish species by their position in the water column (benthic, n = 35; demersal, n = 35; pelagic, n = 30). Homogeneous refers to the presence of a moderately homogenous non-silvering color pattern without large contrasting patches (typical of background matching); patches refer to the presence of contrasting contour breaks patches (typical of disruptive coloration); stripes refer to the presence of highly contrasting regular stripes (e.g., black and white stripes, typical of motion-dazzle strategy), and silvering to fishes with silvery homogenous body coloration.
FIGURE 2 in Water column use by reef fishes of different color patterns
FIGURE 2 | Phylogeny of the 100 species used in this study generated from data in the Open Tree of Life. Branch lengths represent phylogenetic distance and were estimated by the Grafen's method. Color bars denote the water column use (blue shades) and coloration pattern (red shades) we attributed to them.
FIGURE 4 in Water column use by reef fishes of different color patterns
FIGURE 4 | Results of the Bayesian statistical analysis showing the difference in the proportion of coloration types between positions in the water column. Points denote the mode; thick and thin lines denote 67% and 95% credible intervals. Comparisons based on the expected values of the posterior predictive distribution. The analysis indicated that presence of contrasting contour breaks patches is more frequent in benthic than in demersal and pelagic species; and that silvering is more frequent in pelagic species than in demersal and benthic species.
FIGURE 1 in Water column use by reef fishes of different color patterns
FIGURE 1 | Species exemplifying the color patterns used in this study. A. Large contrasting patterns typical of disruptive coloration in Hippocampus reidi (~ 13 cm of total length, TL); B. Silvery bodies in Haemulon aurolineatum Cuvier, 1830 (~ 18 cm TL); C. Contrasting stripes typical of motion-dazzle in Elacatinus figaro Sazima, Moura & Rosa, 1997 (~ 3 cm TL); D. Homogeneous coloration in adult female Parablennius pilicornis (Cuvier, 1829) (~ 6 cm TL). Photographs by Gualter Pedrini.
Fig. 5. Non−trilobite fossils from the orsten samples. A. Echinoderm columnal, SMNH X3566 in Phosphatised olenid trilobites and associated fauna from the Upper Cambrian of Västergötland, Sweden
Fig. 5. Non−trilobite fossils from the orsten samples. A. Echinoderm columnal, SMNH X3566 (3.5), sample 2. B. Echinoderm columnal, SMNH X3567 (3.6), sample 2. Stereom structure shown in B2. C. Conulariid(?) fragment, SMNH X3568 (3.16), sample 8 (Peltura minor Zone). D. Funnel−like fossil, SMNH X3569 (3.16), sample 2. E. Anatolepis−like fragment, SMNH X3570 (4.1), sample 2. Spines preserved in different degrees of abrasion (E2). F. Semicircular fossil, SMNH X3571 (3.1), sample 2. G. Dermal scale(?), SMNH X3572, (3.15), sample 2. H. Camaroid graptolite(?), SMNH X3573 (3.9), sample 1. All scale bars, except C4, are 0.1 mm.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Phytoplankton community composition in the water column of the West Greenland shelf, July 2021.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Phytoplankton community composition in the water column of the West Greenland shelf, July 2021". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/6e5fa973-a7cc-4867-8606-8bcaa395f7de">https://bionomia.net/dataset/6e5fa973-a7cc-4867-8606-8bcaa395f7de</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/6e5fa973-a7cc-4867-8606-8bcaa395f7de">https://gbif.org/dataset/6e5fa973-a7cc-4867-8606-8bcaa395f7de</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Protist community composition in the water column on the East Greenland shelf, May 2022.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Protist community composition in the water column on the East Greenland shelf, May 2022". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/270fc4bf-3225-4af4-a5c0-dca8652ac37c">https://bionomia.net/dataset/270fc4bf-3225-4af4-a5c0-dca8652ac37c</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/270fc4bf-3225-4af4-a5c0-dca8652ac37c">https://gbif.org/dataset/270fc4bf-3225-4af4-a5c0-dca8652ac37c</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
A case study: evaluation of a single column model with advection to simulate fog/stratus during C-FOG experiment
<p>Those datasets are observed by C-FOG (<em>Toward Improving Coastal Fog Prediction</em>) campaign, which was organized as a field experiment combined with modelling and theoretical initiatives. The objective of C-FOG was to advance our understanding and ability to observe, simulate, and predict fog, with a particular focus on warm fog formation, development and dissipation over coastal environments.</p> <p>The uploaded observation data contains liquid water content, droplet number concentration, temperature, SST, wind, visibility, backscatter collected by ceilometer, and atmospheric profile. The details can be found in the dataset.</p> <p>Thanks for the intense observation by the C-FOG project, which collected valuable data for detailed fog research.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.