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Fig. 3. The crustacean burrow Sinusichnus sinuosus Gibert, 1996 in Recurrent constructional pattern of the crustacean burrow Sinusichnus sinuosus from the Paleogene and Neogene of Spain

Fig. 3. The crustacean burrow Sinusichnus sinuosus Gibert, 1996 from the Middle Miocene of the Waikiki Beach outcrop in the El Camp de Tarragona Basin, Spain. A. Detail of a burrow partially filled with fine-grained sediment from the overlying marly unit. B. Detail of a Y-shaped branching point. C. Partial view of a more extensive network (C 1) showing variations in the sinuosity of tunnels and Y-shaped branching points; schematic drawing (C2). Field photographs.

Fig. 1. Geographic and geologic setting. A in Recurrent constructional pattern of the crustacean burrow Sinusichnus sinuosus from the Paleogene and Neogene of Spain

Fig. 1. Geographic and geologic setting. A. Synthetic geological map of the Guadalquivir Basin and surrounding areas. The black star shows the location of the Alcalá de Guadaíra outcrop, and the white star that of the Dos Hermanas locality. B. Synthetic geological map of Catalonia (NE Spain). The white star shows the location of the Vilomara outcrop in the Ebro Basin, and the black star that of the Waikiki Beach locality in the El Camp de Tarragona Basin. Inset map in between, displays the position of both areas in the Iberian Peninsula.

Fig. 5. The crustacean burrow Sinusichnus sinuosus Gibert, 1996 in Recurrent constructional pattern of the crustacean burrow Sinusichnus sinuosus from the Paleogene and Neogene of Spain

Fig. 5. The crustacean burrow Sinusichnus sinuosus Gibert, 1996 from the Upper Miocene Alcalá de Guadaíra outcrop in the Guadalquivir Basin, Spain. A. General view of an intensely bioturbated horizon, mostly consisting of numerous intersecting Sinusichnus networks. B. Detail of a Y-shaped branching point. Field photographs. Scale bars correspond to 10 cm.

Fig. 2. The crustacean burrow Sinusichnus sinuosus Gibert, 1996 in Recurrent constructional pattern of the crustacean burrow Sinusichnus sinuosus from the Paleogene and Neogene of Spain

Fig. 2. The crustacean burrow Sinusichnus sinuosus Gibert, 1996 from the Eocene Vilomara outcrop in the Ebro Basin, Spain. A. System displaying the characteristic sinuous tunnels and Y-shaped branching. Upper part of the burrow is concave as only spreiten are preserved and the final passive infill of the tunnel is lacking. B. Two intersecting burrows. The one on the lower part of the picture displays a typical H-shaped geometry. C. Sinuous tunnel showing retrusive spreiten. Field photographs.

Fig. 3 in A new Y-shaped trace fossil attributed to upogebiid crustaceans from Early Pleistocene of Italy

Fig. 3. Holotype (INGUJ 200P11) of allegedly upogebiid trace fossil Parmaichnus stironensis igen. nov. et isp. nov. Scale bar 100 mm.

Fig. 4. Allegedly upogebiid Y in A new Y-shaped trace fossil attributed to upogebiid crustaceans from Early Pleistocene of Italy

Fig. 4. Allegedly upogebiid Y−shaped trace fossil Parmaichnus stironensis igen. nov. et isp. nov. (specimens left in the field) from Early Pleistocene of Italy. A. Specimen P1070182 (numbering from the field photograph collection). B. Specimen P1070193. C. Specimen P1070194. D. Specimen P1070196. Scale bars 50 mm.

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Fig. 8. Recent crustacean Euphausia superba Dana, 1852 in Soft-part preservation in two species of the arthropod Isoxys from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia, Canada

Fig. 8. Recent crustacean Euphausia superba Dana, 1852 (krill) from Gerlache Strait, Antarctica. A. Left lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Detail of stalked eyes after removing head shield. All light micrographs.

Fig. 6 in A new Y-shaped trace fossil attributed to upogebiid crustaceans from Early Pleistocene of Italy

Fig. 6. Trace fossils associated with Parmaichnus stironensis. They penetrate from the discontinuity surface in the Quaternary sediments of the Stirone section. A–C. Thalassinoides cf. paradoxicus (Woodward, 1830). D. Pyritised tube indicated by arrow.

Fig. 5. Different Y in A new Y-shaped trace fossil attributed to upogebiid crustaceans from Early Pleistocene of Italy

Fig. 5. Different Y−shaped trace fossils (B, D, G, U) and Recent burrows compared to Parmaichnus stironensis (P–S). Redrawn from photographs. A. After Seike and Nara (2007: fig. 3c). B. Holotype of Psilonichnus upsilon, Hanna Bay, San Salvador, Bahamas, from AU photograph. C. After Bruce (1987: fig. 6). D. After Fürsich (1981: pl. 3: 2). E. After Curran and Frey (1977: pl. 1e). F. After Frey (1968: text−fig. 1). G. After Seilacher (1990: fig. 5D). H. After Dworschak (2004: fig. 2B); arrows point the turning chambers. I. After Swinbanks and Luternauer (1987: fig. 2.1). J. After Ott et al. (1976: pl. 1: 2). K. After Ott et al. (1976: pl. 1: 3). L. After Dworschak et al. (2006: fig. 1A). M. After Nash et al. (1984: pl. 2a); see also Bromley (1996: fig. 4.32). N. After Curran and Martin (2003: fig. 6). O. After Asgaard et al. (1997: fig. 6). P–S. Parmaichnus stironensis igen. nov. et isp. nov. P. Holotype, ING UJ 200P11, see also Fig. 3. Q. P1070193, see also Fig. 4B. R. P1070182, see also Fig. 4A. S. P1070196, see also Fig. 4D. T. After Atkinson and Taylor (1991: fig. 1f). U. Psilonichnus tubiformis, after Fürsich (1981: pl. 1: 1).

Fig. 2 in A new Y-shaped trace fossil attributed to upogebiid crustaceans from Early Pleistocene of Italy

Fig. 2. View of the Early Pleistocene part of the Stirone section (about 90 m), with the distinct unconformity in the middle (pointed by arrow) separating silts covered by sands.

Fig. 1. Location map and the geological section. A in A new Y-shaped trace fossil attributed to upogebiid crustaceans from Early Pleistocene of Italy

Fig. 1. Location map and the geological section. A. The study region on the map of Italy. B. Location of the study area. C. Location of the studied section. D. The studied section with indication of Parmaichnus stironensis igen. nov. et isp. nov.

Fig. 11 in The stem crustacean Oelandocaris oelandica re-visited

Fig. 11. Reconstruction of sequence of appendage−movement of the stem crustacean Oelandocaris oelandica Müller, 1983, captured in succeeding steps from above towards below. Please watch movie at data repository of Acta Palaeontologica Polonica (http://app.pan.pl/SOM/app53−Stein_etal_ SOM.pdf).

Fig. 10. 3D in The stem crustacean Oelandocaris oelandica re-visited

Fig. 10. 3D model of the morphology of the early developmental stage and the ontogenetic sequence of Oelandocaris oelandica, with four developmental stages known. A. Early developmental stage in ventral view, for comparison, but not to scale the ventral view of the oldest developmental stage known is shown. B. Reconstruction of stages in lateral view. Early developmental stage (B1), first next older set (B2), second next older set (B3), and third, apparently, oldest stage (B4). Abbreviations: app, appendages.

Fig. 8 in The stem crustacean Oelandocaris oelandica re-visited

Fig. 8. SEM photographs of additional important details of the stem crustacean Oelandocaris oelandica Müller, 1983. A. UB W 262, exopods of appendages posterior to the third cephalic appendage, showing insertion of setae; note the weak sclerotisation of the exopod surface as demonstrated by the deformed exopod of the fifth appendage. B. UB W 261; B1, tail piece with marginal spines on last tergite and caudal end (arrows); B2, anterior wings of hypostome (arrow); B3, insertion sites of sensillae on tergite borders and exopods (arrows). C. UB 649, anal opening with displaced membrane on ventral side of caudal end. D. UB W 260, basipods and exopods of third to sixth limbs, showing the more strongly sclerotised lateral margin of the exopod (arrows) with seta distally, and the membranous area at the articulation of the exopod of the third limb with the basipod. Abbreviations: alt, antennula; an, anus; app, appendages; bas, basipod; ex, exopod; hyp, hypostome; me, median eyes; tel, telson; ts, tergites.

Fig. 7 in The stem crustacean Oelandocaris oelandica re-visited

Fig. 7. Reconstruction of the appendage morphology of later developmental stages of Oelandocaris oelandica Müller, 1983. A. Antennula. B–F. Second to sixth appendages. Note that the first three appendages differ from each other and from the sub−equal fourth to sixth appendages.

Fig. 3 in The stem crustacean Oelandocaris oelandica re-visited

Fig. 3. Reconstruction of the morphology of the latest known developmental stage of stem crustacean Oelandocaris oelandica Müller, 1983 in ventral view. Abbreviation: app, appendages.

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Fig. 1. A in Crustacean microcoprolites from the Upper Jurassic- Lower Cretaceous of the Neuquén Basin, Argentina: Systematics and biostratigraphic implications

Fig. 1. A. Location map of the Neuquén Basin with study localities and a stratigraphic chart of the Mendoza Group. 1, Tres Esquinas; 2, Loncoche creek; 3–4, Bardas Blancas; 5, Rahue creek; 6, Yeso creek; 7, Cara Cura range. B. Microcoprolites distribution in the Vaca Muerta Formation. Ammonite Zonation according to Aguirre−Urreta et al. (2008) and Riccardi (2008).

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Fig. 4 in Paleobiology of the crustacean trace fossil Spongeliomorpha iberica in the Miocene of southeastern Spain

Fig. 4. Interpretative reconstruction of a Spongeliomorpha iberica burrow system. The morphology of the apertures is not known, here they are shown as a simple vertical shaft. Inset shows the bioglyph pattern with "Y"−shaped and transverse scratch marks.

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Fig. 2 in Crustacean microcoprolites from the Upper Jurassic- Lower Cretaceous of the Neuquén Basin, Argentina: Systematics and biostratigraphic implications

Fig. 2. Transversal section of crustacean microcoprolites from the Vaca Muerta Formation. A. Palaxius azulensis Kietzmann isp. nov. (CPBA−N° 20675, early Valanginian, Rahue creek). B. Palaxius caracuraensis Kietzmann isp. nov. (CPBA−N° 20689, late Tithonian, Cara Cura range). C. Helicerina? isp. A aff. Helicerina siciliana Senowbari−Daryan, Schäfer, and Catalano, 1979 (CPBA−N° 20675, early Valanginian, Rahue creek). D. Helicerina isp. B (CPBA−N° 20675, early Valanginian, Rahue creek).