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Figure 5 in Osteology and ecology of Megantereon cultridens SE311 (Mammalia; Felidae; Machairodontinae), a sabrecat from the Late Pliocene - Early Pleistocene of Senéze, France

Figure 5. Comparative mandibular morphology of Megantereon cultridens SE311 (A, labial; B, lingual; C, dorsal; and D, posterior view), Smilodon populator L5350 (E, labial; F, lingual; G, dorsal; and H, posterior view), and jaguar (Panthera onca) CN5658 (I, labial; J, lingual; K, dorsal; and L, posterior view). Scale bars = 5 cm. Restored areas are indicated by cross-hatching.

Figure 14 in Osteology and ecology of Megantereon cultridens SE311 (Mammalia; Felidae; Machairodontinae), a sabrecat from the Late Pliocene - Early Pleistocene of Senéze, France

Figure 14. Left humerus and antebrachium and right metacarpals of Megantereon cultridens SE311. Humerus in anterior (A), posterior (B), medial (C) and lateral (D) view; ulna in medial (E), lateral (F) and anterior view (G); radius in lateral (H) and ulnar (I) view; metacarpals I-V in dorsal (J) and palmar (K) view.

Figure 4 in Osteology and ecology of Megantereon cultridens SE311 (Mammalia; Felidae; Machairodontinae), a sabrecat from the Late Pliocene - Early Pleistocene of Senéze, France

Figure 4. Hemimandibles of Megantereon cultridens SE311. Left mandible ramus in lateral (A) and medial (B) view; right mandible ramus in lateral (C) and medial (D) view; dorsal view (D) of lower jaw rami.

Figure 8 in Osteology and ecology of Megantereon cultridens SE311 (Mammalia; Felidae; Machairodontinae), a sabrecat from the Late Pliocene - Early Pleistocene of Senéze, France

Figure 8. Comparative morphology of cervical vertebrae, all in right lateral view, except the atlas, which are in dorsal view. First row, atlas; second row, axis; third row, C3; fourth row, C4; fifth row, C6. A–E, Megantereon cultridens SE311; F–J, Smilodon fatalis (after Merriam & Stock, 1932); K–O, Panthera leo CN1440; P–T, Panthera pardus CN5662. Cross-hatching indicates restored areas.

Figure 3 in Osteology and ecology of Megantereon cultridens SE311 (Mammalia; Felidae; Machairodontinae), a sabrecat from the Late Pliocene - Early Pleistocene of Senéze, France

Figure 3. Comparative morphology of the upper and lower premolars and molars of Megantereon cultridens SE311 (A), Smilodon populator CN52 (B), Homotherium serum TMM 933–65 (P4) and TMM933-3353 (P4, M1) (C), cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) CN3793 (D), tiger (Panthera tigris) CN18 (E), and puma (Puma concolor) CN1673 (F). Scale bars = 5 cm. Labial attritional wear facets are indicated on the lower dentition.

Figure 29 in Osteology and ecology of Megantereon cultridens SE311 (Mammalia; Felidae; Machairodontinae), a sabrecat from the Late Pliocene - Early Pleistocene of Senéze, France

Figure 29. Cast of skull and lower jaw of Megantereon cultridens SE311 showing the lower jaw in normal posture at full occlusion (A), at the gape angle (~61°) at which the upper and lower canines clear each other (B), and at maximum inferred gape (~105°). A gape angle of 61° is broadly comparable with maximum gape in extant carnivores (Emerson & Radinsky, 1980; Akersten, 1985; Christiansen & Adolfssen, 2005). At maximal gape angle, the clearance between the upper and lower canines would be around 10 cm, comparable with the values in extant big cats (Christiansen & Adolfssen, 2005).

Figure 26 in Osteology and ecology of Megantereon cultridens SE311 (Mammalia; Felidae; Machairodontinae), a sabrecat from the Late Pliocene - Early Pleistocene of Senéze, France

Figure 26. Vertebral and limb proportions in Megantereon cultridens SE311 and extant large felids, along with 95% confidence limits. A, skull length to the length of the presacral vertebral column; B, length of the cervical vertebral column to the length of the presacral vertebral column; C, length of the thoracal and lumbar vertebral column to the length of the presacral vertebral column; D, forelimb length to the length of the presacral vertebral column; E, hind limb length to the length of the presacral vertebral column; F, forelimb length to hind limb length. Forelimb length was computed as the length of humerus + radius + metacarpal III, and hind limb length as femur + tibia + metatarsal III. Specimens are listed in Table 5.

Figure 19 in Osteology and ecology of Megantereon cultridens SE311 (Mammalia; Felidae; Machairodontinae), a sabrecat from the Late Pliocene - Early Pleistocene of Senéze, France

Figure 19. Right carpus of Megantereon cultridens SE311. Scapholunar (A, proximal view; B, distal view); cuneiform (C, inner view; D, outer view); pisiform (E, distal view; F, proximal view); trapezium (G, inner distal view; H, proximal view); trapezoid (I, proximal view; J, distal view); magnum (K, inner view; L, outer view); unciform (M, inner view; N, outer view).

Figure 21 in Osteology and ecology of Megantereon cultridens SE311 (Mammalia; Felidae; Machairodontinae), a sabrecat from the Late Pliocene - Early Pleistocene of Senéze, France

Figure 21. Right hind limb of Megantereon cultridens SE311. Femur in anterior (A), posterior (B), medial (C) and lateral (D) view; tibia in anterior (E), posterior (F), medial (G) and lateral (H) view; metatarsals I–IV in dorsal (I) and palmar (J) view.

Figure 22 in Osteology and ecology of Megantereon cultridens SE311 (Mammalia; Felidae; Machairodontinae), a sabrecat from the Late Pliocene - Early Pleistocene of Senéze, France

Figure 22. Articular length of femur to least circumference of femoral diaphysis, both in mm. Symbols and abbreviation: M, Megantereon cultridens SE311; Z, Panthera leo (N = 17); O, Panthera onca (N = 8); Δ, Panthera pardus (N = 16); °, Panthera tigris (N = 19); ¥, Neofelis nebulosa (N = 5); –, Puma concolor (N = 6); ^, Smilodon fatalis (N = 7); Ɨ, Smilodon gracilis (N = 1);, Smilodon populator (N = 2).

Figure 6 in A new genus of red-toothed shrew (Mammalia, Soricidae) from the Early Pleistocene of Gran Dolina (Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain), and a phylogenetic approach to the Eurasiatic Soricinae

Figure 6. Phylogenetic relationships of Dolinasorex glyphodon to the fossil and living taxa of the subfamily Soricinae from Eurasia. Statistics for the tree are as follows: consistency index (CI) = 0.3134, homoplasy index (HI) = 0.6866, CI excluding uninformative characters = 0.3102, HI excluding uninformative characters = 0.6898, retention index (RI) = 0.6357, rescaled consistency index (RC) = 0.1992.

Figure 2 in A new genus of red-toothed shrew (Mammalia, Soricidae) from the Early Pleistocene of Gran Dolina (Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain), and a phylogenetic approach to the Eurasiatic Soricinae

Figure 2. Map of the Sierra de Atapuerca karst complex showing the location of the Gran Dolina site in the Railroad Trench (Trinchera del Ferrocarril).

Figure 5 in A new genus of red-toothed shrew (Mammalia, Soricidae) from the Early Pleistocene of Gran Dolina (Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain), and a phylogenetic approach to the Eurasiatic Soricinae

Figure 5. Discriminant analysis of the lower dentition; measurements other than those of Dolinasorex glyphodon gen.

Figure 3 in A new genus of red-toothed shrew (Mammalia, Soricidae) from the Early Pleistocene of Gran Dolina (Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain), and a phylogenetic approach to the Eurasiatic Soricinae

Figure 3. Selected specimens of Dolinasorex glyphodon gen. et sp. nov. from the late Early Pleistocene levels of Gran Dolina: A, B, incomplete skull, MPZ 2007/700 (TD5/T61/G-17/ATA 97), in (A) ventral and (B) lateral views; C, left lower incisor, MPZ 2007/701 (TD6/T40-41/G-16/ATA 95), in medial view; D–G, left mandible, MPZ 2007/699 (TD5/T62/H-17/ATA 97), in (D) dorsal, (E) lateral, (F) medial, and (G) posterior views. A4 alv., A4 alveolus.

FIG. 32. — A in The species of Lageninae Brady, 1881 (Foraminifera) from the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene of north-western France, Fécamp (Seine-Maritime, France) and St Erth (Cornwall, United Kingdom)

FIG. 32. — A, Lagena striata (d'Orbigny, 1839), SGB3, enlargement of the aboral tube; B, C, Lagena substriata Williamson, 1848, LRK2: B, basal internal view; C, enlargement of the aboral tube; D, E, Lagena sulcata (Walker & Jacob, 1798), SGB3; D, longitudinal section; E, enlargement of the aboral tube; F, G, Lagena variokoreana n. sp., LRK2: F, basal internal view; G, enlargement of the aboral view; H, I, Lagunculella grayi n. gen., n. sp., LRK2 (MNHN.F.F67688): H, basal internal view; I, enlargement of the aboral tube; J-M, Lagunculella baggi (Cushman & Gray, 1946), n. comb., SGB3: J, basal internal views; K, enlargement of the aboral tube; L, longitudinal section; M, enlargement of the aboral tube; N, Lagunculella doveyensis (Haynes, 1973), n. comb., Fécamp (MNHN.F.F67692), basal internal view; O, P, Lagunculella flexa (Cushman & Gray, 1946), n. comb., la Sautré (MNHN.F.F67695): O, basal internal view; P, enlargement of the aboral tube. Scale bars: A, I, P, 20 µm; B, D, F, 100 µm; C, E, K, M, 10 µm; G, 5 µm; H, J, L, N, 50 µm; O, 200 µm.

FIG. 33. — A, B in The species of Lageninae Brady, 1881 (Foraminifera) from the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene of north-western France, Fécamp (Seine-Maritime, France) and St Erth (Cornwall, United Kingdom)

FIG. 33. — A, B, Lagunculella flexa (Cushman & Gray, 1946), n. comb., Fécamp (MNHN.F.F6760): A, internal basal view; B, enlargement of the aboral view; C, D, Lagunculella ovoidea n. gen., n. sp., la Pugle; C, internal basal view; D, enlargement of the aboral view; E, F, Lagunculella redonensis n. gen., n. sp., la Groussinière: E, internal basal view; F, enlargement of the aboral tube; G, H, Lanterna crassicarinata n. gen., n. sp., la Groussinière: G, internal basal view; H, enlargement of the aboral tube; I, J, Lanterna novocrassicarinata n. gen., n. sp., la Groussinière (MNHN.F.F67707): I, internal basal view; J, enlargement of the aboral tube; K, L, Malumella oblonga n. gen., n. sp., la Groussinière: K, internal basal view; L, enlargement of the aboral tube; M, N, Verulagena similis (McCulloch, 1977), n. comb., la Bouillonnaie: M, internal basal view; N, enlargement of the aboral view; O, P, Verulagena laevis (Montagu, 1803), n. comb., St. Erth: O, longitudinal section showing the aboral tube; P, internal basal view. Scale bars: A, O, 50 µm; B, D, N, 10 µm; C, E, G, I, K, M, P, 100 µm; F, H, J, L, 20 µm.

FIG. 28. — A-F, Verulagena maximaperforata n in The species of Lageninae Brady, 1881 (Foraminifera) from the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene of north-western France, Fécamp (Seine-Maritime, France) and St Erth (Cornwall, United Kingdom)

FIG. 28. — A-F, Verulagena maximaperforata n. sp.: A, B, paratype (MNHN.F.F67723) in oral and basal views; C-F, paratype, MNHN.F.F67724: C, lateral view, D, perforated wall; E, F, oral and basal views; G-P, Verulagena partecostata n. gen., n. sp.: G-J, holotype, SSL (MNHN.F.F67725); G, lateral view; H, perforated wall; I, J, oral and basal views; K-M, paratype, SSL (MNHN.F.F67726) in lateral, oral and basal views; N-P, paratype, SSL (MNHN.F.F67727) in lateral, oral and basal views. Scale bars: A, B, E, F, I, J, L, M, O, P, 100 µm; C, G, K, N, 200 µm; D, 50 µm; H, 5 µm.

FIG. 27. — A in The species of Lageninae Brady, 1881 (Foraminifera) from the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene of north-western France, Fécamp (Seine-Maritime, France) and St Erth (Cornwall, United Kingdom)

FIG. 27. — A, Verulagena similis (McCulloch, 1977), n. comb., La Bouillonnaie (MNHN.F.F67718), basal view; B-K, Verulagena laevis (Montagu, 1803), n. comb.: B-D, St. Erth (MNHN.F.F67719), lateral, oral and basal views; E-H, St. Erth (MNHN.F.F67720); E, lateral view; F, perforated wall; G, H, oral and basal views; I-K, la Groussinière (MNHN.F.F67721) in lateral, oral and basal views; L-P, Verulagena maximaperforata n. gen., n. sp., l'Épinay, holotype (MNHN.F.F67722): L-N, lateral, oral and basal views; O, P, lateral and perforated wall. Scale bars: A, B, E, I, M, N, 100 µm; C, D, H, J, K, 50 µm; F, 10 µm; G, 5 µm; L, O, 200 µm; P, 20 µm.

FIG. 26. — A-F, Malumella suboblonga n. gen., n in The species of Lageninae Brady, 1881 (Foraminifera) from the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene of north-western France, Fécamp (Seine-Maritime, France) and St Erth (Cornwall, United Kingdom)

FIG. 26. — A-F, Malumella suboblonga n. gen., n. sp.,holotype,la Bouillonnaie (MNHN.F.F67714),oral and basal views;C-F, paratype,la Bouillonnaie (MNHN.F.F67715): C, lateral view; D, perforated wall; E, F, oral and basal views; G-I, Malumella sp., SSL (MNHN.F.F67716), lateral, oral and basal views; J-M, Pygmaeoseistron hispidulum (Cushman, 1913), Fécamp (MNHN.F.F67717) in lateral, oral and basal views; N-P, Verulagena similis (McCulloch, 1977), n. comb., La Bouillonnaie (MNHN.F.F67718): N, lateral view; O, perforated wall; P, oral view. Scale bars: A, B, E, F, H, I, L, M, P, 100 µm; C, G, J, N, 200 µm; D, O, 5 µm; K, 20 µm.

FIG. 23. — A-H, Lanternalagena crassicarinata n. gen., n in The species of Lageninae Brady, 1881 (Foraminifera) from the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene of north-western France, Fécamp (Seine-Maritime, France) and St Erth (Cornwall, United Kingdom)

FIG. 23. — A-H, Lanternalagena crassicarinata n. gen., n. sp.; A-D, la Groussinière, holotype (MNHN.F.F67703); A, lateral view; B, perforated wall; C, D, oral and basal views; E-H, la Sautré, paratype (MNHN.F.F67704): E, lateral view; F, perforated wall; G, H, oral and basal views; I-P, Lanternalagena novocrassicarinata n. gen., n. sp.: I-L, la Sautré, holotype (MNHN.F.F67705); I, lateral view; J, perforated wall; K, L, oral and basal views; M-P, Fécamp, paratype (MNHN.F.F67706); M, lateral view; N, perforated wall; O, P, oral and basal views. Scale bars: A, E, I, M, 200 µm; B, F, 20 µm; C, D, G, H, K, L, O, P, 100 µm; J, N, 50 µm.