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245 results for “Evolutionary Trends”
Fig. 5 in Chemosystematic and evolutionary trends of the genistoid clade sensu stricto (Papilionoideae, Fabaceae)
Fig. 5. Structures of genistoid alkaloids: tetracyclic quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) (45–49); α-pyridone QAs (50–54); QA esters (55–59); matrine-like QAs (60–61); calpurnine-like QAs (62–63); bicyclic QA (64); piptanthine-like QAs (65); monocrotaline-type pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) (66–68); simple PAs (69–70); laburnamine-like PAs (71–72); dipiperidine alkaloids (73–75); smipine-like piperidine alkaloid (76); tropane alkaloid (77); imidazolic alkaloid (78); indolizidine alkaloids (79–80); isoquinoline alkaloid (81); purine alkaloid (82); pyridine alkaloid (83); indole alkaloid (84).
Fig. 6 in Chemosystematic and evolutionary trends of the genistoid clade sensu stricto (Papilionoideae, Fabaceae)
Fig. 6. Dendrograms constructed for comparision of chemical similarity among genera from genistoid tribes (Papilionoideae). a. Crotalarieae. b. Genisteae. c. Podalyrieae. d. Sophoreae, Thermopsideae and Euchresta. Bars in each dendrogram indicate linkage distances estimated with the Jaccard coefficient distance.
Fig. 4 in Chemosystematic and evolutionary trends of the genistoid clade sensu stricto (Papilionoideae, Fabaceae)
Fig. 4. Structures of genistoid flavonoids: dihydrochalcones (1–2), xanthone (3), flavanones (3–4), flavonols (6–9), flavones (10–17), isoflavane (18), isoflavanones (19–22), isoflavones (23–31), pterocarpans (32–37), coumestans (38–39), and coumaranochromones (40–44).
Fig. 2 in Chemosystematic and evolutionary trends of the genistoid clade sensu stricto (Papilionoideae, Fabaceae)
Fig. 2. Occurrence Numbers (ON) for distinct flavonoid types in the most representative genera from Crotalarieae (A–B), Euchresteae (C), Genisteae (D–I), Podalyrieae (J–K), Thermopsideae (L–O) and Sophoreae (P–Q). "Other Isoflavonoids" include isoflavanones, pterocarpans, coumestans and coumaranochromones. "Other Flavonoids" include chalcones, dihydrochalcones, aurones, stilbenes, flavans, flavanonols and biflavonoids.
Fig. 3 in Chemosystematic and evolutionary trends of the genistoid clade sensu stricto (Papilionoideae, Fabaceae)
Fig. 3. Occurrence Numbers (ON) of flavones and flavonols for each genistoid tribe (Papilionoideae).
Data from: New Palaeogene caviomorphs (Rodentia, Hystricognathi) from Santa Rosa, Peru: systematics, biochronology, biogeography and early evolutionary trends
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Snout shape and masticatory apparatus of the rodent-like mesotheriid ungulates (Typotheria, Notoungulata): Exploring evolutionary trends in dietary strategies through ancestral reconstructions
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Data from: Organic-walled microfossils from the Kistedalen Formation, Norway: acritarch chronostratigraphy of the Baltic Miaolingian and evolutionary trends of placoid acritarchs
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List of papers reviewed to uncover trends in the use of model systems in infectious disease ecology & evolutionary biology
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Data from: Early evolutionary trends in ammonoid embryonic development
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Implications for evolutionary trends from the pairing frequencies among golden-winged and blue-winged warblers and their hybrids
<p>Extensive range loss for the Golden-winged Warbler (<i>Vermivora chrysoptera</i>) has occurred in areas of intrusion by the Blue-winged Warbler (<i>V. cyanoptera</i>) potentially related to their close genetic relationship. We compiled data on social pairing from nine studies for 2,679 resident <i>Vermivora</i> to assess evolutionary divergence. Hybridization between pure phenotypes occurred with 1.2% of resident males for sympatric populations. Pairing success rates for Golden-winged Warblers was 83% and for Blue-winged Warblers was 77%. Pairing success for the hybrid Brewster's Warbler was significantly lower from both species at 54%, showing sexual selection against hybrids. Backcross frequencies for Golden-winged Warblers at 4.9% was significantly higher than for Blue-winged Warblers at 1.7%. More frequent backcrossing by Golden-winged Warblers, which produces hybrid phenotypes, may contribute to the replacement of Golden-winged by Blue-winged Warblers. Reproductive isolation due to behavioral isolation plus sexual selection against hybrids was 0.966. Our analyses suggest that plumage differences are the main driving force for this strong isolation with reduced hybrid fitness contributing to a lesser degree. The major impact of plumage differences to reproductive isolation is compatible with genomic analyses (Toews et al. 2016), which showed the largest genetic difference between these phenotypes occurred with plumage genes. These phenotypes have maintained morphological, behavioral, and ecological differences during two centuries of hybridization. Our estimate of reproductive isolation supports recognition of these phenotypes as two species. The decline and extirpation of the Golden-winged Warbler in almost all areas of recent sympatry suggest that continued coexistence of both species will require eco-geographic isolation.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Environmental and scale-dependent evolutionary trends in the body size of crustaceans
The ecological and physiological significance of body size is well recognized. However, key macroevolutionary questions regarding the dependency of body size trends on the taxonomic scale of analysis and the role of environment in controlling long-term evolution of body size are largely unknown. Here, we evaluate these issues for decapod crustaceans, a group that diversified in the Mesozoic. A compilation of body size data for 792 brachyuran crab and lobster species reveals that their maximum, mean and median body size increased, but no increase in minimum size was observed. This increase is not expressed within lineages, but is rather a product of the appearance and/or diversification of new clades of larger, primarily burrowing to shelter-seeking decapods. This argues against directional selective pressures within lineages. Rather, the trend is a macroevolutionary consequence of species sorting: preferential origination of new decapod clades with intrinsically larger body sizes. Furthermore, body size evolution appears to have been habitat-controlled. In the Cretaceous, reef-associated crabs became markedly smaller than those in other habitats, a pattern that persists today. The long-term increase in body size of crabs and lobsters, coupled with their increased diversity and abundance, suggests that their ecological impact may have increased over evolutionary time.
Data from: Common evolutionary trends underlie the four-bar linkage systems of sunfish and mantis shrimp
Comparative biomechanics offers an opportunity to explore the evolution of disparate biological systems that share common underlying mechanics. Four-bar linkage modelling has been applied to various biological systems such as fish jaws and crustacean appendages to explore the relationship between biomechanics and evolutionary diversification. Mechanical sensitivity states that the functional output of a mechanical system will show differential sensitivity to changes in specific morphological components. We document similar patterns of mechanical sensitivity in two disparate four-bar systems from different phyla: the opercular four-bar system in centrarchid fishes and the raptorial appendage of stomatopods. We built dynamic linkage models of 20 centrarchid and 36 stomatopod species and used phylogenetic generalized least squares regression (PGLS) to compare evolutionary shifts in linkage morphology and mechanical outputs derived from the models. In both systems, the kinematics of the four-bar mechanism show significant evolutionary correlation with the output link, while travel distance of the output arm is correlated with the coupler link. This common evolutionary pattern seen in both fish and crustacean taxa is a potential consequence of the mechanical principles underlying four-bar systems. Our results illustrate the potential influence of physical principles on morphological evolution across biological systems with different structures, behaviors and ecologies.
Same place, different stories: Disparate evolutionary trends of Mygalomorphae from the peripampasic orogenic arc
<p><b>Aim:</b> Comparative phylogeography seeks to unravel similarities in the population structure and evolutionary processes undergone by co-distributed taxa under the assumption that they will have experienced the same geoclimatic events. However, small differences in functional traits, particularly those related to dispersal abilities, may translate into incongruent evolutionary histories. Here, we used a sequence target multi-locus approach to infer and compare the phylogeographical patterns of three sympatric mygalomorph spiders in the Argentinean peripampasic orogenic arc.</p> <p><b>Location:</b> The mountainous systems of central and northern Argentina.</p> <p><b>Taxon:</b> Mygalomorphae spiders (Araneae)</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> We inferred the phylogeny of three species of mygalomorph spiders based on <i>16</i>S+L1+nad1 and ITS sequences from o<span>ne hundred and thirty-four </span>individuals by using a Bayesian and Maximum likelihood approaches and we also estimated divergence dates. Also, nuclear networks were inferred. Based on our molecular phylogeny, we reconstructed <span>ancestral areas using the the Bayesian Binary MCMC method</span>.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> A deep genetic divergence and highly structured populations was obtained in the pycnothelid <i>Acanthogonatus centralis</i>, whereas the theraphosids <i>Plesiopelma longisternale </i>and <i>Grammostola vachoni </i>showed shallow divergences and poorly structured populations. Additionally, we uncovered potentially overlooked species diversity within <i>G</i>. <i>vachoni</i>, which warrants conducting a full taxonomic revision of <i>Grammostola</i>.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions:</b> We propose that differences in dispersion rates and time of colonization between the theraphosids and the pycnothelid led to divergent lineage history despite common environmental conditions. Our results further corroborate the key role played of the Plio-Pleistocene geoclimatic events in shaping the present-day diversity of mygalomorph spiders along the peripampasic orogenic arc.</p>
FIGURE 38. Character optimization 71 in The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines
FIGURE 38. Character optimization 71: Lichenomorphic camouflage (L:3, ci:100, ri: 100).
FIGURE 39. Character optimization 72 in The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines
FIGURE 39. Character optimization 72: Foliar camouflage and wasp mimicry (L:1, ci:100, ri:100).
FIGURE 13 in The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines
FIGURE 13. Pictorial key to the genera of Dysoniini (Dysoniina n. subtr.).
FIGURE 11 in The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines
FIGURE 11. Pictorial key to the genera of tribe Dysoniini.
FIGURE 14 in The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines
FIGURE 14. Pictorial key to the genera of Dysoniini (Dysoniina n. subtr.).
FIGURE 10 in The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines
FIGURE 10. Most parsimonious tree of tribe Dysoniini with three main clades and subtribes.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.