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601 results for “Global changes”
Data from: Increases and decreases in marine disease reports in an era of global change
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Data from: Will climate change cause the global peatland to expand or contract? Evidence from the habitat shift pattern of Sphagnum mosses
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Decoupled responses of plants and soil biota to global change across the world’s land ecosystems
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Multiple global change factors cause declines of a temperate bryophyte
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Global potential invasion maps of traded birds under climate and land-cover change
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Invasive rodent responses to experimental and natural hurricanes with implications for global climate change
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Do tradeoffs govern plant species responses to different global change treatments?
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The vulnerability of shellfish aquaculture to climate change and ocean acidification– a global assessment
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Direct effects and prey-mediated effects of global change in projections of early life stages of pelagic predators
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Unveiling the role of foliar fungi in mediating leaf photosynthesis under global change
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Data from: Plant-bacteria-soil response to frequency of simulated nitrogen deposition has implications for global ecosystem change
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Interactive effects of climate change and pathogens on plant performance: a global meta-analysis
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Global risk dynamics of Borrelia miyamotoi in the context of climate change
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Global Agricultural Land Resources – A High Resolution Suitability Evaluation and Its Perspectives until 2100 under Climate Change Conditions (v2.0)
<p><strong>Agricultural land resources – a global suitability evaluation</strong></p> <p><em>An inventory is required on the changing potentially suitable areas for agriculture under changing climate conditions. Within the context of the GLUES project, researchers at the Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU) investigated the global agricultural suitability of land under changing climate conditions at high spatial resolution. The growing demand for food, feed, fiber and bioenergy increases pressure on land and causes land use/cover change and trade-offs between different uses of land and ecosystem services. In order to ensure food security, agricultural potentials need to be used more efficiently in the future. Therefore, the agricultural suitability of land are important information e.g. in order to identify todays suitable areas and possible future changes. The potential suitability of todays forested and protected areas can be used to identify possible hotspots of land use/cover change. Therefore, LMU is working on improving the knowledge of global agricultural potentials of land and better understanding the interdependencies between ecological and socio-economic systems which are driving land use/cover change.</em></p> <p><strong>Determining Agricultural Suitability</strong></p> <p>Local climate, soil and topography determine the available energy, water and nutrient supply for agricultural crops and thus their natural suitability. In order to allow for computing the natural agricultural constraints on the globe at 30 arc seconds (1km) spatial resolution, the following high resolution data were applied:</p> <p>Daily data for temperature, precipitation and solar radiation from the global climate model ECHAM5. Soil data comes from the Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD). Considered soil properties are texture, proportion of coarse fragments and gypsum, base saturation, pH content, organic carbon content, salinity, sodicity. Topography data was applied from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). Irrigation has strong impact on the crop’s suitability. It is considered on todays irrigated areas as given by the FAO Aquastat Global Maps of Irrigated Areas (GMIA) dataset. The determinant factors are contrasted with the crop-specific requirements, using a fuzzy-logic approach. The crop requirements are taken from literature.</p> <p><strong>Agricultural Suitability</strong></p> <p>General agricultural suitability at a spatial resolution of 30 arcsec, considering rainfed conditions and irrigation on currently irrigated areas. The agricultural suitability represents for each pixel the maximum suitability value of the considered 16 plants. The dataset contains four time periods (1961-1990, 1981-2010, 2011-2040, 2071-2100).</p> <p><strong>Suitability Change due to Climate until 2100</strong></p> <p>Change in agricultural suitability and crop suitability due to climate change for SRES A1B scenario conditions for 16 crops between 1981-2010 and 2071-2100 at a spatial resolution of 30 arcsec.</p> <p><strong>Multiple Cropping</strong></p> <p>Potential number of suitable crop cycles for 16 crops at a spatial resolution of 30 arcsec, considering rainfed conditions and irrigation on currently irrigated areas. The dataset contains four time periods (1961-1990, 1981-2010, 2011-2040, 2071-2100).</p> <p><strong>Growing Cycle</strong></p> <p>Start of the growing cycle for 16 crops at a spatial resolution of 30 arcsec, considering rainfed conditions and irrigation on currently irrigated areas. In case of multiple cropping, the start of the first growing cycle is shown. The dataset contains four time periods (1961-1990, 1981-2010, 2011-2040, 2071-2100).</p> <p><strong>Further information</strong></p> <p>Detailled information are available in the following publication:<br> Zabel F., Putzenlechner B., Mauser W. (2014): <strong>Global agricultural land resources – a high resolution suitability evaluation and its perspectives until 2100 under climate change conditions. </strong> Online available: <a href="http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107522">PLOS ONE</a>. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107522</p> <p><strong>Improvements in v2.0</strong></p> <p>Compared to previous versions, v2.0 uses updated input data for soil and minor improvements of the statistical downscaling and the bias correction of the climate model data.</p> <p><strong>Contact</strong></p> <p>Please contact: Dr. Florian Zabel, <a href="mailto:f.zabel@lmu.de">f.zabel@lmu.de</a>, Department für Geographie, LMU München (<a href="http://www.geografie.uni-muenchen.de">www.geografie.uni-muenchen.de</a>)</p>
Data and model output for figures in "Variable particle size distributions reduce the sensitivity of global export flux to climate change"
<p><strong>Associated publication</strong></p> <p>This dataset was used to generate analyses and figures in the following publication:</p> <p>Leung, S., Weber, T., Cram, J. A., & Deutsch, C. Variable particle size distributions reduce the sensitivity of global export flux to climate change. <em>Submitted to Biogeosciences.</em></p> <p><strong>Associated code</strong></p> <p>After downloading this dataset, run the associated MATLAB code at the following link to generate the figures and analyses in the above publication:</p> <p>https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4117382</p>
Data from: Plant community dynamics and carbon sequestration in Sphagnum-dominated peatlands in the era of global change
<p>Aim: Hydroclimatic shift and anthropogenic-driven nitrogen deposition are major outcomes of global change that could compromise the functioning of many peatlands as a carbon sink. For Sphagnum-dominated peatlands, an emerging hypothesis is that the change could be triggered by shifts in competitive dominance among plant functional groups, specifically from the currently predominant decay-resistant Sphagnum to the more decomposable vascular plants. However, the relationship between Sphagnum and vascular plant occurrence is notably complex and also includes facilitative interactions that are crucial to the productivity of Sphagnum and therefore carbon sequestration.</p> <p>Location: Global</p> <p>Taxa: Northern peatlands—Sphagnum moss and vascular plants</p> <p>Methods: We use a conceptual review to examine underlying mechanisms for the competitive exclusion hypothesis and the nature of facilitative interactions between Sphagnum and vascular plants under the potential global change conditions. We complement the review with an empirical study of peatlands with contrasting hydrology to provide some critical insights into the potential effects of change in plant communities on carbon sequestration. We also propose a conceptual model that presents probable combinations of global change factors and their implications for carbon sequestration.</p> <p>Results: Vegetation structure in Sphagnum-dominated peatland appears to be driven largely by hydrology, rather than competition among plant functional groups. The peat deposit also exerts some controls (e.g., nutrient immobilization) on biotic structure, thereby acting as resistance against an abrupt shift in plant communities.<br> Main conclusions: Peatland controls that constrain vegetation shifts have developed over a millennial timescale in many peatlands, and the pace of climate change may not allow enough time for the establishment of those mechanisms in younger peatlands. Thus, the persistence of a given peatland as a carbon sink also likely depends on the successional stage of the peatland.</p>
Data from: Extending the climatological concept of 'Detection and Attribution' to global change ecology in the Anthropocene
<ol> <li>Research into global change ecology is motivated by the need to understand the role of humans in changing biotic systems. Mechanistic understanding of ecological responses requires the separation of different climatic parameters and processes that often operate on diverse spatiotemporal scales. Yet most environmental studies do not distinguish the effects of internal climate variability from those caused by external, natural (e.g. volcanic, solar, orbital) or anthropogenic (e.g. greenhouse gases, ozone, aerosols, land-use) forcing factors.</li> <li>We suggest extending the climatological concept of 'Detection and Attribution' (DA) to unravel abiotic drivers of ecological dynamics in the Anthropocene. We therefore apply DA to quantify the relative roles of natural versus industrial temperature change on elevational shifts in the outbreak epicentres of the larch budmoth (LBM; <i>Zeiraphera diniana</i> or <i>griseana</i> Gn.); the classic example of a cyclic forest defoliating insect.</li> <li>Our case study shows that anthropogenic warming shifts the epicentre of travelling LBM waves upward, which disrupts the intensity of population outbreaks that occurred regularly over the past millennium in the European Alps. Our findings demonstrate the ability of DA to detect ecological responses beyond internal system variability, to attribute them to specific external climate forcing factors, and to identify climate-induced ecological tipping points.</li> <li>In order to implement the climatological concept of 'Detection and Attribution' successfully into modern global change ecology, future studies should combine high-resolution paleoenvironmental reconstructions and state-of-the-art climate model simulations to inform inference-based ecosystem models.</li> </ol>
Data associated with "Floral pigmentation has responded rapidly to global change in ozone and temperature"
<p>Across kingdoms, organisms ameliorate UV stress by increasing UV-absorbing pigmentation. Rapid ozone degradation during the 20<sup>th</sup> century resulted in elevated UV incidence, yet pigmentation responses to this aspect of global change have yet to be demonstrated. In flowering plants, UV exposure favors larger areas of UV-absorbing pigmentation on petals, which protects pollen from UV-damage. Pigmentation also affects floral thermoregulation, suggesting climate warming may additionally impact pigmentation. We used 1238 herbarium specimens collected from 1941 to 2017 to test whether change in UV floral pigmentation was associated with altered ozone and temperature in 42 species spanning three continents. We tested three predictions: First, UV-absorbing pigmentation will increase temporally and be correlated with reduced ozone (higher UV) when accounting for effects of temperature; second, taxa that experienced larger ozone declines will display larger increases in pigmentation; and third, taxa with anthers exposed to ambient UV will respond more strongly than those with anthers protected by petals. Globally, the extent of petal UV pigmentation increased significantly across taxa by ~2% per year. However, temporal change was species specific—increasing in some taxa but declining in others. Species with exposed anthers experiencing larger declines in ozone displayed more dramatic pigmentation increases. For taxa with anthers enclosed within petals, pigmentation declined with increases in temperature, supporting a thermoregulatory role of UV pigmentation. Results document a rapid phenotypic response of floral pigmentation to anthropogenic climatic change, suggesting that global change may alter pollination through its impact on floral color, with repercussions for plant reproductive fitness.</p>
Data from: Fire history and plant community composition outweigh decadal multi-factor global change as drivers of microbial composition in an annual grassland
Soil microbial communities regulate and respond to key biogeochemical cycles and influence plant community patterns. However, microbial communities also respond to disturbance events, motivating an assessment of the relative roles of decadal multi-factor global change, disturbance, and plant community structure on microbial community responses. We used high-throughput amplicon sequencing to characterize the diversity and composition of bacterial and fungal communities in bulk soil (0–7 cm) collected in 2014 from the Jasper Ridge Global Change Experiment, a full-factorial field experiment in which ambient and elevated levels of nitrogen deposition (+7 g N m-2 yr-1 calcium nitrate), CO2 concentration (+275 ppm), temperature (+1–2 ºC), and precipitation (+50% volume with +3 weeks duration) were applied to a California annual grassland from 1998 to 2014. We used linear mixed-effects modeling to test for the effects of global change on microbial diversity (observed richness, Shannon index). We also used generalized dissimilarity modeling (GDM) to study controls on compositional dissimilarity in fungal and bacterial communities. Bacterial community composition was best explained by exposure to fires in 2003 and 2011, whereas fungal community composition was best explained by plant community composition. The richness of fungi increased under elevated nitrogen deposition; bacterial diversity metrics decreased under warmer temperatures. Interactions between global change factors were statistically insignificant or weak. Synthesis. Our results indicate that even on decadal timescales, the effects of fire history and plant community composition on bacterial and fungal community composition, respectively, outweigh the effects of multi-factor global change. Furthermore, global change factors have mostly additive effects on microbial diversity patterns. Our results show that highly variable mediators such as fire history and plant community composition limit the generalizability of soil microbial responses to long-term global change.
Climate model data from "Changes in local and global climate feedbacks in the absence of interactive clouds: Southern Ocean-climate interactions in two intermediate-complexity models"
<p>This Dataset contains the model output described in the study<br> "Changes in local and global climate feedbacks in the absence of interactive clouds: Southern Ocean-climate interactions in two intermediate-complexity models"<br> by Pfister and Stocker 2020, published in Journal of Climate.</p> <p>The two zip files contain the model output of the two models Bern3D-LPX and LOVECLIM, in folder structures explained below.</p> <p>Bern3D-LPX:</p> <p>The 3 folders contain model simulations tuned to different ECS values (2, 3 and 6 Kelvin).<br> Each folder contains three subfolders corresponding to three simulations: Control, 2xCO2 and 4xCO2.<br> For each simulation, two netcdf model output files are given: a timeseries file for quick overview of various spatially averaged variables (e.g., global mean temperature), and a full output file for local analyses as done in the study.</p> <p>For the main simulations with an ECS of 3 Kelvin, annual mean output is provided for the first 500 years of each simulation. Thereafter, the full output is available only for selected years, which can be read out from the netcdf time dimension or, e.g., the netcdf variable "baseyear".</p> <p>Simulations with an ECS of 2 and 6 Kelvin are only used for Figure 8 and its discussion, therefore their full output file was written with less yearly outputs than the main simulation with ECS=3 Kelvin to reduce data load.</p> <p><br> LOVECLIM:</p> <p>The 2 folders contain the 2xCO2 and 4xCO2 simulations.<br> No separate Control simulations were made, but the first 1000 years of each simulation are unperturbed and used as a control reference (details in Pfister and Stocker 2020, J.Clim.).</p> <p>The two netcdf files for each simulation correspond to atmospheric variables (atmmmyl_cat.nc) and ocean variables (CLIO3m_cat_CO2_2_regridded.nc). Note that the spatial resolution of the atmosphere and ocean component of LOVECLIM are different. Monthly output is provided for the given variables of the full 2000-year-simulations.</p> <p> </p> <p>For a detailed description how these model outputs were analyzed, please refer to Pfister and Stocker 2020, J. Clim.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.