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277 results for “Heliconius”
FIGURE 50 in Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 50. Hybrid #27 (dorsal, ventral). Brazil: Santa Catarina, Agrolandia, prior to 1997, leg. H. Wulff. Collection "Para" (Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi?). Interpreted by Mallet et al. (2007) as an F1 of H. ethilla narcaea (Fig. 39) x H. besckei (Fig. 46).
FIGURE 29 in Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 29. Hybrid #17 (dorsal, ventral). No locality data (NHMUK). Ackery and Smiles (1976) and Brown (1976) suggested this specimen, the holotype of H. hippola Hewitson, 1867, could be a hybrid between H. ethilla metalilis Butler, 1873 (Fig. 30) and H. melpomene melpomene (Fig. 6). Mallet et al. (2007) accepted that interpretation and inferred the locality to be "?Colombia", presumably based on the distributions of the two putative parental forms and similarity to Hybrid #18 noted by Brown. However, the specimen could be any silvaniform, many forms of which are orange and black with no yellow spots, and it is hard to see any conclusive contribution from any form of H. melpomene in this phenotype.
FIGURE 68 in Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 68. Hybrid #36 (dorsal, ventral). Ecuador: Palmar, 100 m. Specimen collected by (or sold to Stichel by) Richard Haensch (a Berlin insect dealer who collected in Ecuador in 1899–1900), now housed in the NHMUK. Interpreted by Mallet et al. (2007) as H. melpomene cythera (Fig. 61) x H. cydno alithea (Fig. 62) F1 backcross to H. melpomene cythera, presumably on the basis of the white scales on the proximal edge of the forewing band. The pattern may be interpreted as Hybrid #33.
FIGURE 31 in Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 31. Hybrid #18 (dorsal, ventral). Colombia: Meta, Villavicencio, Rio Negro, 04°12'00 N, 73°42'23"W, 1200m, 10 Feb.(?) 1970. leg. E. Schmidt-Mumm (IAvH). Interpreted by Brown (1976) and Mallet et al. (2007) as an F1 H. ethilla nr. metalilis x H. melpomene melpomene, like #17. The H. ethilla form that occurs in Villavicencio is now called latona (Fig. 32). Although the diagnostic red HWV spot is present, as with #17, there is little to suggest that this specimen is a result of hybridization with H. melpomene. It could represent a hybrid with a form of H. numata, which is polymorphic in that region (cf. Fig. 33). As a Schmidt-Mumm specimen, the locality data are also potentially suspect (see Hybrid #14).
FIGURE 47 in Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 47. Hybrid #24 (dorsal, ventral). Brazil: Santa Catarina, Joinville, 1985. In the Neukirchen collection, (FLMNH). Interpreted by Mallet et al. (2007) as an F1 of H. ethilla narcaea (Fig. 39) x H. besckei (Fig. 46). This specimen is very similar to #23 (Fig. 45) in its fine condition and vague locality data, suggesting that Neukirchen could have purchased it from a dealer, and that it could have been bred in captivity for the commercial trade.
FIGURE 27. H in Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 27. H. elevatus perchlora Joicey & Kaye, 1917 (dorsal, ventral). Bolivia: "Route de Cochabamba" F. Coenen coll. (image source: https://cliniquevetodax.com/Heliconius/pages/elevatus%20perchlora)
FIGURE 30. H. ethilla metalilis Butler, 1873 in Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 30. H. ethilla metalilis Butler, 1873 (dorsal, ventral). Venezuela: Bolivar. (image source: https:// cliniquevetodax.com/Heliconius/pages/ethilla%20metallitis.html). According to Brown (1976), specimens of H. ethilla can often be diagnosed by the presence of a small red basal spot on the HWV between the cubital and anal veins.
FIGURE 62. H. cydno alithea Hewitson, 1869 in Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 62. H. cydno alithea Hewitson, 1869 (yellow form, dorsal, ventral). Ecuador: Esmeraldas, Region de Lita, Chuchuvi. (image source: https://cliniquevetodax.com/Heliconius/pages/cydno%20alithea). Note that the HW yellow (or white) marginal band extends proximally so that it almost entirely obscures the distal brown forceps mark (thus filling approximately 1/3 of the entire wing area). Also note that within each HW cell, the inner margin of this band is mshaped, with two white or yellow lobes extending towards the wing base, with a line or v-shaped group of dark scales running down the center of each cell towards the margin.
FIGURE 67 in Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 67. Hybrid #35 (dorsal, ventral). Ecuador: Pichincha, Alluriquín, 850 m. 1989, leg. C. Callegari, housed in MUSM. Interpreted by Mallet et al. (2007) as a H. melpomene cythera (Fig. 61) x H. cydno alithea (Fig. 62) F1. Similar to Hybrid #34, except that the brown HWV forceps is reduced to a basal mark. Also, the discal cell hourglass mark is partly expressed on the FWV.
FIGURE 60. H. cydno chioneus Bates, 1864 in Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 60. H. cydno chioneus Bates, 1864 (dorsal). Panama, M. Demaio coll. (image source: https:// cliniquevetodax.com/Heliconius/pages/cydno%20chioneus.html)
FIGURE 54. Heliconius cydno galanthus Bates, 1864 in Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 54. Heliconius cydno galanthus Bates, 1864 "typical" phenotype, dorsal and ventral surfaces. Costa Rica: Chirripo, Paso Marcos. (Image source https://cliniquevetodax.com/Heliconius/pages/cydno%20galanthus.html)
FIGURE 36 in Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 36. Hybrid # 21 (dorsal, ventral). Venezuela: Barinas, Barinitas, (no date or collector), O. Mattei collection. Interpreted by Mallet et al. (2007) as a H. numata peeblesi (Fig. 37) X H. ethilla metalilis (Fig. 30) F1 hybrid, without further explanation. This specimen has thicker medial and marginal black bands on the HW than either of the putative parental forms, but otherwise is quite numata-like. There MAY be a basal red spot on HWV, suggestive of H. ethilla, but the image is of insufficient quality to be certain. It is not clear what other features suggest it to be of hybrid origin.
FIGURE 28. H. numata mirus Weymer, 1894 in Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 28. H. numata mirus Weymer, 1894 (dorsal, ventral). Bolivia: La Paz, Caranavi. (image source: https:// cliniquevetodax.com/Heliconius/pages/numata%20mirus.html)
FIGURE 74 in Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 74. Hybrid #41 (dorsal, ventral). Colombia: "Bogotá" (no collector or date indicated). Holotype of Heliconius wernickei Weymer, 1906. Housed in the NHMUK. Interpreted by Ackery & Smiles (1976) as a hybrid between H. melpomene melpomene and H. cydno cydno. Interpreted by Mallet et al. (2007) as a H. melpomene "{euryas}" (Fig. 73) x H. cydno cydno (Fig. 72) F1 backcross to H. cydno. The specimen exhibits all the typical pattern elements of H. cydno cydno, including yellow FW bands with hourglass mark, broad white HW bands reaching almost to the wing margin, and the HWV brown forceps pattern (somewhat truncated in this specimen, but not outside the range of normal variation for the race). The main "melpomene" element is the reddish brown band distal to the yellow band on the FW. The red FW band in H. melpomene martinae is located more proximally (overlapping the end of the discal cell), is orange-red to rosyred, with a relatively sharp distal edge. Recall that lab-reared H. melpomene x H. cydno hybrids show a distally displaced red band as seen here (Fig. 57), but that the color is the same as the H. melpomene parent, not the reddish brown seen here and elsewhere (e. g., Hybrids #29, 30, 32).
FIGURE 72. H.cydno cydno Doubleday, 1847 in Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 72. H.cydno cydno Doubleday, 1847 (dorsal, ventral). Colombia [Magdalena Valley] (image source: https:// cliniquevetodax.com/Heliconius/pages/cydno%20cydno.html)
FIGURE 59 in Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 59. Hybrid #32 (dorsal, ventral). Panama: Pipeline Road, 1979. Leg. Gross, specimen housed in USNM. Interpreted by Mallet et al. (2007) as a H. melpomene rosina (Fig. 55) x H. cydno chioneus (Fig. 60) F1 backcross to H. cydno chioneus. Other than the broad white HW band characteristic of H. cydno chioneus, this specimen is very similar in its phenotype to Hybrids #29 and #30, and the same questions arise regarding its ancestry.
FIGURE 56 in Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 56. Parental forms (left, right) F1 (center) from laboratory cross between H. melpomene rosina and H. cydno chioneus from central Panama (Naisbit et al. 2003, their Fig. 1, in part—open access DOI: 10.1046/j.1525- 142X.2003.03034.x). Left pair of wings for each form is ventral surfaces, right pair is dorsal surfaces.
FIGURE 53 in Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 53. Hybrid #30 (dorsal, ventral). Costa Rica, Río Sarapiquí, 600m. 4 Feb. 1993. leg. M. Posla-Fuentes. Not illustrated in the Mallet et al. (2007) supplementary information. Image source http://www.troplep.org/ TL_abstracts12.html#MAY%201993%20Volume%204,%20Number%201 (freely available on line).
FIGURE 26 in Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 26. Hybrid #16 (dorsal). Bolivia: Chaparé, Todos Santos, 1969, coll. H. Holzinger (NMW). Interpreted by Mallet et al. (2007) as F1 of H. hecale zeus Neukirchen, 1995 (= H. hecale felix according to Rosser et al. 2012, Fig. 25) x H. elevatus perchlora (Fig. 27). I concur with Mallet et al.'s view that this could be a hybrid between H. elevatus and another silvaniform—H. numata mirus (Fig. 28) or H. pardalinus ariadne Neukirchen, 1995 (see image at http:// www.butterfliesofamerica.com/L/ih/heliconius1316_i.htm) are other possible parents.
FIGURE 25. H. hecale felix Weymer, 1894 in Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 25. H. hecale felix Weymer, 1894 (dorsal, ventral). Bolivia: Yungas, Caranavi. (image source: https:// cliniquevetodax.com/Heliconius/pages/hecale%20felix.html)
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