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396 results for “Humidity”
Acoustic activity of bats at power lines correlates with relative humidity: A potential role for corona discharges
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Rapid and reversible humidity-dependent colour change by water film formation in a scaled springtail: Image compilations and video recordings
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Data from: The extension of internal humidity levels beyond the soil surface facilitates mound expansion in Macrotermes
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Longitudinal assessment of thermal and perceived air quality acceptability in relation to temperature, humidity, and CO2 exposure in Singapore
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Land use effects on temperature and humidity along an urban-rural transect gradient in central Arizona-Phoenix
This study examines the effects of land use on microclimate along several commercial-to-rural land use transects in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area.
Land use effects on temperature and humidity along an urban-rural transect gradient in central Arizona-Phoenix, 1999
These data result from a study that examined the effects of land use on microclimate along several commercial-to-rural land use transects in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area.
Daily mean iButton soil and air temp, air relative humidity:BAC: Biodiversity and Climate
Climate changes forecast for our region by GCM???s and shifts in biodiversity and composition each have the potential to alter ecosystem functioning; their interactive effects are unknown. The "BAC" experiment is designed to determine the direct and interactive effects of plant species numbers, plant community composition, temperature, and precipitation on 11 productivity, C and N dynamics, stability, and plant, microbe, and insect species abundances in CDR grassland ecosystems.
The role of soil redox conditions in microbial phosphorus cycling in humid tropical forests
Humid tropical forests are among the most productive ecosystems globally, yet they often occur on soils with high phosphorus (P) sorption capacity, lowering P availability to biota. Short-term anoxic events are thought to release sorbed P and enhance its acquisition by soil microbes. However, the actual effects of anoxic conditions on microbial P acquisition in humid tropical forest soils are surprisingly poorly studied. We used laboratory incubations of bulk soils, NanoSIMS analysis of single microbial cells, and landscape scale measurements in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF), Puerto Rico to test the hypothesis that anoxic conditions increase microbial P acquisition in humid tropical forests. In laboratory and field experiments we found that microbial P uptake generally decreased under anoxic conditions, leading to high microbial carbon (C) to P ratios in anoxic soils. The decreased P acquisition under anoxic conditions was correlated with lower microbial C use efficiency (CUE), an index of microbial energy transfer in ecosystems. Phosphorus amendments to anoxic soils led to increased microbial P uptake and higher CUE suggesting that microbes were less able to access and utilize P under natural low redox conditions. Under oxic conditions, microbial C:P ratios and CUE did not respond to changes in substrate stoichiometry. These results challenge the existing paradigm by showing that anoxic conditions can decrease microbial P uptake and ultimately constrain microbial CUE. Our findings indicate that soil redox conditions tightly couple soil P and C cycles and advance our understanding of controls on P cycling in humid tropical forest ecosystems. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support p
McMurdo Dry Valleys Glacier melt modeling: Relative Humidity 1996-2011
This is the data and metatada for modeled Relative Humidity - part of six modeled parameters that comprise the Taylor Valley Galcier Melt modeling Data contained and described in this document correspond to the physically-based surface energy balance model for the glaciers of Taylor Valley developed by the dataset owners. The spatial variability in ablation (ice melt and sublimation), runoff, and climate sensitivity of the glaciers was modeled using 16 years of meteorological and surface mass balance (the net mass gain or loss of ice on the surface of the glacier) observations collected in Taylor Valley (see figure).  An unusual aspect of the model is the inclusion of transmission of solar radiation into the ice and subsequent drainage of some subsurface melt .  Melt model was applied to the ablation zones of the glaciers of Taylor Valley, identified by colored areas. Mass balance stakes, meteorological stations, and stream gages shown for reference. This dataset package is part of a 6-pack multi-set, which you can find at http://mcmlter.org The input files, parameters and examples are found in this package: http://mcmlter.org/content/glacier-melt-modeling-inputs-and-example-m-fi... Â
Popocatepetl ash charge as function of humidity and temperature
<p>Here, we provide the absolute charge collected by volcanic ash (Popocatepetl) in the range of 250-500 microns through frictional interactions as a function of relative humidity (RH) and temperature. The range of RH is 0-50% (at 25 C) and the range of temperature is -20-40 C (at 30 % RH). Particles were charged triboelectrically and the charge was measuirend on individual particles using a miniature Farday cup. All values are reported in pico-Coulombs.</p>
Lure, retain, and catch malaria mosquitoes. How heat and humidity improve odour-baited trap performance
<p><b>Background:</b> When seeking a human for a blood meal, mosquitoes use several cues to detect and find their hosts. From this knowledge, counter-flow odour-baited traps have been developed that use a combination of CO<sub>2</sub>, odour-blend, visual cues and circulating airflow to attract and capture mosquitoes. Initially developed for monitoring, these traps are now also being considered as promising vector control tools. These traps are attractive to host-seeking mosquitoes, but their capture efficiency is low. It has been hypothesized that the lack of short-range host cues such as heat and increased local humidity often prevents mosquitoes from getting close enough to get caught; this lack might even trigger avoidance manoeuvres near the capture region.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> We tested how close-range host cues affect the flight behaviour of <i>Anopheles </i>female malaria mosquitoes around odour-baited traps, and how this affects trap capture performance. For this, a novel counter-flow odour-baited trap was developed, the M-Tego. In addition to the usual CO<sub>2</sub> and odour-blend, this trap can provide the short-range host cues heat and humidity. By systematically adding or removing these two cues, we tested how this affected the trap capture percentages and flight behaviour. We first compared capture percentages of the M-Tego with and without short-range host cues to the BG-Suna trap, in both laboratory and semi-field testing. Then, we used machine-vision techniques to track the three-dimensional flight movements of mosquitoes around the M-Tego.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> With heat and humidity present, the M-Tego captured significantly more mosquitoes as capture percentages almost doubled. Comparing the flight behaviour around the M-Tego with variable close-range host cues showed that when these cues were present, flying mosquitoes were more attracted to the trap and spent more time there. In addition, we found that the M-Tego has a better capture mechanism than the BG-Suna, most likely because it does not elicit previously-observed upward avoiding manoeuvres.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Our results suggest that adding heat and humidity to an odour-baited trap lures more mosquitoes close to the trap and retains them there longer, resulting in higher capture performance. These findings support the development of control tools for fighting mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria.</p>
FIGURE 1. A in Relict Humid Tropical Forest In Mexico Promotes Differentiation In Barred Woodcreepers (Aves: Furnariidae)
FIGURE 1. A) Phylogenetic reconstruction (in BEAST) of the relationships among Dendrocolaptes haplotypes based on sequences of the mtDNA concatenated ND2 and CytB. Clades with high a posteriori support (>0.9, BI) are depicted at each node. A divergence time scale in years is included. B) Allele networks for three nDNA loci.
FIGURE 3. A in Relict Humid Tropical Forest In Mexico Promotes Differentiation In Barred Woodcreepers (Aves: Furnariidae)
FIGURE 3. A) Map of the occurrence records of D. s. sheffleri and the other taxa of D. sanctithomae. The inset details the boundary between both taxa and depicts the random points generated for the Range-breaking (Ribbon) test. B) Geographic projection of the environmental niche model developed with primary occurrence data of D. s. sheffleri. C) Geographic projection of the environmental niche model developed with primary occurrence data of the remaining populations of D. sanctithomae.
FIGURE 2 in Relict Humid Tropical Forest In Mexico Promotes Differentiation In Barred Woodcreepers (Aves: Furnariidae)
FIGURE 2. Overall ventral (above), dorsal (middle), and lateral (below) plumage coloration patterns in specimens of Dendrocolaptes from Mexico (MZFC). From left to right: D. s. sheffleri (Guerrero MZFC 19494, 19495); D. s. sanctithomae (Oaxaca [Chimalapas] MZFC 11806; Veracruz [Los Tuxtlas] MZFC 7817; Campeche [Silvituc] MZFC 13702; Quintana Roo [Puerto Morelos] MZFC 13486; and Chiapas [Ocozocuautla] MZFC 11409). Photos by Leopoldo Vázquez.
Secondary formation of aerosols under typical high-humidity conditions in wintertime Sichuan Basin, China: A contrast to the North China Plain
<p>The Sichuan Basin is one of the regions suffering from severe haze pollution in southwest China. However, the secondary aerosol formation in this region is poorly understood. In this study, the chemical compositions of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and molecular compositions of water-soluble organics in wintertime Sichuan were measured to investigate the aerosol sources and formation under typical high relative humidity (RH) conditions. Strong correlations between PM<sub>2.5</sub>, carbonaceous aerosols and K<sup>+</sup> suggested obvious influence of biomass burning. The impacts of biomass burning were also supported by the dominance of primarily emitted reduced/less oxidized nitrogen-containing organics as well as the high peak intensities of secondarily formed nitrocatechols and methyl-nitrocatechols. High humidity (average RH=80%) and aerosol liquid water (ALW) in Sichuan obviously facilitated the secondary formation of sulfate, nitrate and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). The average sulfate oxidation ratio and nitrogen oxidation ratio in Sichuan were 2.5 and 3.1 times of those in winter Beijing (average RH= 27%). This suggested higher potentials of SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> to form sulfate and nitrate under high-RH conditions.<sub> </sub>The abundant aqueous-SOA formation in Sichuan was supported by the dominance of organosulfates (OSs) and nitrooxy-OSs in mass spectra of water-soluble organics, while the OSs in winter Beijing were quite limited. The more abundant OS formation in Sichuan was attributed to the much higher RH, ALW, aerosol acidity and sulfate, which favored the acidic sulfate-catalyzed aqueous-phase reactions for OS formation. Higher concentrations of biogenic volatile organic compounds were additional reasons for the more abundant OSs in Sichuan than in Beijing.</p>
Data from: Humidity levels drive reproductive modes and phylogenetic diversity of amphibians in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
AIM: The diversity of reproductive modes among amphibians provides a striking example of how differences in the biology of species furnish can provide important explanations for species distribution patterns on a broad scale. We hypothesized that sites with a higher humidity level will support more different modes of reproduction than drier sites and will consequently exhibit a higher phylogenetic diversity. Furthermore, we predict that if there is a gradient in the tolerance of reproductive modes to desiccation, there will be a nested pattern in the composition of reproductive modes among sites. LOCATION: Twenty-seven forest sites in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. METHODS: Through a path analysis approach, we evaluated the direct and indirect effects of the humidity level on the number of reproductive modes as well as the relative importance of both variables on amphibian phylogenetic diversity. A nestedness analysis was used to quantify the extent to which the composition of both species and reproductive modes in drier sites correspond to non-random subsets of those in sites with higher annual precipitation. RESULTS: We found that the reproductive modes present in drier sites are non-random subsets of those present in sites with higher humidity levels. Because reproductive modes are phylogenetically conserved among amphibians, sites with a greater number of reproductive modes supported greater phylogenetic diversity. Sites with high precipitation throughout the year provided adequate environmental conditions for a larger number of reproductive modes, whereas sites with low precipitation and typical seasonal climates supported only those reproductive modes specialized to resist desiccation. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that humidity-related variables are key environmental factors related to both the richness of reproductive modes and phylogenetic diversity. We hypothesized that the higher phylogenetic diversity found in moister sites reflects differences in the tolerance to desiccation among different reproductive modes. Given that reproductive modes are associated with susceptibility to desiccation, their incorporation into explanatory models may trigger a great advance in the understanding of the mechanisms regulating the species richness and composition of amphibian communities.
Data from: Multiple loci and complete taxonomic sampling resolve the phylogeny and biogeographic history of tenrecs (Mammalia: Tenrecidae) and reveal higher speciation rates in Madagascar's humid forests
The family Tenrecidae (tenrecs) is one of only four extant terrestrial mammal lineages to have colonized and diversified on Madagascar. Over the past 15 years, several studies have disagreed on relationships among major tenrec lineages, resulting in multiple reinterpretations of the number and timing of historical transoceanic dispersal events between Africa and Madagascar. We reconstructed the phylogeny of Tenrecidae using multiple loci from all recognized extant species and estimated divergence timing using six fossil calibrations within Afrotheria. All phylogenetic analyses strongly support monophyly of the Malagasy tenrecs, and our divergence timing analysis places their colonization of the island at 30-56 Ma. Our comprehensive phylogeny supports three important taxonomic revisions that reflect the evolutionary history of tenrecs: (1) we formally elevate the African otter shrews to their own family Potamogalidae, thereby rendering extant Tenrecidae entirely endemic to Madagascar, (2) we subsume the semiaquatic genus Limnogale within the shrew-tenrec genus Microgale, and (3) we re-elevate the two largest-bodied shrew tenrecs, Microgale dobsoni and M. talazaci, to the genus Nesogale Thomas 1918. Finally, we use recently summarized habitat data to test the hypothesis that diversification rates differ between humid and arid habitats on Madagascar, and we compare three common methods for ancestral biogeographic reconstruction. These analyses suggest higher speciation rates in humid habitats and reveal a minimum of three and more likely five independent transitions to arid habitats. Our results resolve the relationships among previously recalcitrant taxa, illuminate the timing and mechanisms of major biogeographic patterns in an extraordinary example of an island radiation, and permit the first comprehensive, phylogenetically consistent taxonomy of Madagascar's tenrecs.
Data from: Nitrogen saturation in humid tropical forests after 6 years of nitrogen and phosphorus addition: hypothesis testing
Nitrogen (N) saturation hypothesis suggests that when an ecosystem reaches N-saturation, continued N input will cause increased N leaching, nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, and N mineralization and nitrification rates. It also suggests that a different element will become the main limiting factor when N saturation has been reached. Although this hypothesis has been tested in temperate forests, whether they can be directly applied to N-saturated tropical forests remain poorly addressed. To test this hypothesis, soil inorganic N, soil N mineralization and nitrification rate, soil N2O emission rate and nitrate (inline image) leaching rate were measured in an N-saturated old-growth tropical forest in southern China, after 6 years of N and P addition. We hypothesized that N addition would stimulate further N saturation, but P addition might alleviate N saturation. As expected, our results showed that six continuous years of experimental N addition did cause further N saturation, which was indicated by significant increases in soil inorganic N concentration, N2O emission and nitrate (inline image) leaching. However, in contrast to our expectations, N addition significantly decreased in situ rates of net N mineralization and nitrification, which could be related to associated changes in enzyme activity and microbial community composition. On the other hand, P addition mitigated N saturation, as expected. Soil inorganic N concentration, N2O emission and inline image leaching decreased significantly after P addition, but the net rates of N mineralization and nitrification were significantly increased. Our results provide a new understanding of the N saturation hypothesis, suggesting that the effects of long-term N deposition on net N mineralization and nitrification rates in N-saturated tropical forests can be negative and that P addition can alleviate N saturation in such tropical systems.
Temperature, humidity, and ionisation effect of iodine oxoacid nucleation
<p>Data set for the figures in the manuscript "Temperature, humidity, and ionisation effect of iodine oxoacid nucleation"</p>
Adsorptive Separation of CO2 by a Hydrophobic Carborane-Based Metal−Organic Framework under Humid Conditions
<p>relevant data for publication with doi:</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c20373"><span>https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c20373</span></a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.