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311 results for “Kimberley”
Figure 23 in Uncovering Local Endemism in the Kimberley, Western Australia: Description of New Species of the Genus Amplirhagada Iredale, 1933 (Pulmonata: Camaenidae)
Figure 23. Interior of penial chamber
Figure 38 in Uncovering Local Endemism in the Kimberley, Western Australia: Description of New Species of the Genus Amplirhagada Iredale, 1933 (Pulmonata: Camaenidae)
Figure 38. Interior of penial chamber
Figure 30. A–I, Serpula nudiradiata n in Descriptions of New Serpulid Polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and Discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific Species of Spirobranchus and Superficially Similar Taxa
Figure 30. A–I, Serpula nudiradiata n.sp., from holotype, AM W202942: (A–E)
Figure 25. A–C, Hydroides trihamulatus n in Descriptions of New Serpulid Polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and Discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific Species of Spirobranchus and Superficially Similar Taxa
Figure 25. A–C, Hydroides trihamulatus n.sp.—an older specimen from AM W202943: (A) anterior end
Figure 18. A–J, Hydroides simplidentatus n in Descriptions of New Serpulid Polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and Discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific Species of Spirobranchus and Superficially Similar Taxa
Figure 18. A–J, Hydroides simplidentatus n.sp., from holotype AM W21415. (A) anterior end of
Figure 2. Dental measurements taken from the left M and the right M1 in A New Species of Extinct False Vampire Bat (Megadermatidae: Macroderma) from the Kimberley Region of Western Australia
Figure 2. Dental measurements taken from the left M and the right M1, based on Hand (1985).
Figure 1 in A New Species of Extinct False Vampire Bat (Megadermatidae: Macroderma) from the Kimberley Region of Western Australia
Figure 1. Location of Dingo Gap (star) in the Kimberley region of Western Australia,
Data from: The Kimberley, north-western Australia, as a cradle of evolution and endemic biodiversity: an example using Grunters (Terapontidae)
Aim: To test two prominent, alternate hypotheses that provide explanations for the great accumulation of endemic species in the Kimberley bioregion in north-western Australia, using an extensively sampled, region wide phylogeny of northern Australia's most speciose freshwater fish family, Terapontidae. Specifically, we test whether the Kimberley may act as (1) a "museum" accumulating taxa and endemic species over time or (2) a "cradle" of more recent diversification and neoendemism. Location: The Australian monsoonal tropics Taxon: Grunters (Terapontidae) Methods: We obtained a robust and well supported Bayesian phylogeny for the family using DNA sequences from mtDNA and nuclear gene regions. We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses using species tree methods including molecular dating analysis, ancestral range reconstruction, and diversification analysis. Results: Based on our phylogeny, the combined molecular clock estimates and likelihood-based historical biogeographic reconstructions suggest that terapontids recently transitioned into the Kimberley from the east during the late-Miocene. We found that 80% of Kimberley terapontids diversified within the Kimberley in the last 3 Ma. Further, diversification analyses identified a single significant shift in diversification rates ~1.4 Ma that corresponds with a change in global climate midway through the Pleistocene that was predominantly driven by speciation in the Kimberley. Main Conclusions: The weight of evidence suggests that the Kimberley has been a "cradle" of evolution for Terapontidae, rather than a "museum". Our analysis provides strong evidence for a geologically recent transition of terapontids into the Kimberley from regions to the east during the late Miocene followed by a significant increase in speciation rates during the Pleistocene, driven by speciation in the Kimberley. The results provide important insight into the evolutionary and biogeographical processes that have shaped the regions unique biota, which will inform land managers working to protect and conserve both species and the processes responsible for generating and sustaining them.
The applicability of eDNA metabarcoding approaches for sessile benthic surveying in the Kimberley region, north-western Australia
<p>The application of environmental DNA technologies is a promising new approach to rapidly audit biodiversity across large-scale, remote regions. Here, we examine the efficacy of a dual-assay eDNA metabarcoding approach for sessile benthic bioassessments in the turbid waters of the Lalang-garram <a>Marine Parks</a>, in the inshore Kimberley region, north-western Australia. We ask three principal questions: 1. Is the eDNA released by sessile benthic taxa (i.e. hard and soft corals, sponges and tunicates) locally detectable? 2. What level of taxonomic resolution is afforded by eDNA metabarcoding using the ITS2 region? and 3. How well does eDNA metabarcoding compare to conventional benthic survey techniques, such as belt and point-intercept transects? We report that a dual-assay eDNA metabarcoding approach is capable of detecting approximately 70% of the local benthic taxa (i.e. at a species, genus level etc) identified at the surveyed locations. It is, however, not as effective at the individual/population level, detecting only approximately 40% of unique amplicon sequence variant (ASV) signals released by an array of individual benthic organisms at the surveyed locations. In examining the efficacy and resolution of the applied ITS2 metabarcoding markers for bioassessments, we report large gaps in the variety of publicly available benthic ITS2 reference sequence data, limiting our ability to provide robust taxonomic assignments. These findings highlight the need to extend ITS2 databases for greater regional representation. Until this is adequately addressed, we recommend that investigating taxonomic assignments to a genus-level is the most robust approach to benthic monitoring using eDNA. Lastly, we found eDNA metabarcoding and conventional belt-transect surveys each detected numerous unique hard coral genera, indicating that a combined approach provides the most effective way to audit benthic biodiversity. Furthermore, eDNA metabarcoding had the power to distinguish similar diversity trends between sites to that determined by the belt-transect methodology, validating the application of eDNA metabarcoding as either a stand-alone, or complementary technique for assessing sessile benthic taxa.</p>
FIGURE 4 in A new species of Uperoleia (Anura: Myobatrachidae) from the northwest Kimberley, Western Australia
FIGURE 4. Oscillogram (a), sound spectrograms (b) and spectrum display (c) for a call of U. micra sp. nov. (WAM R168042). The bar in (a) and (b) represents 20 ms. In (b) we manipulated contrast, brightness and spectrum window display to maximise the loudest frequency components over pulse structure and side-bands arising from pulse rate (see Gerhardt & Huber, 2002).
FIGURE 3 in A new species of Uperoleia (Anura: Myobatrachidae) from the northwest Kimberley, Western Australia
FIGURE 3. Holotype (WAM R168043) of Uperoleia micra sp.nov.: A) dorsal, B) lateral and C) ventral views of head; D) plantar surface of left foot; E) plantar surface of left foot of U. minima (WAM R167878).
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Uperoleia (Anura: Myobatrachidae) from the northwest Kimberley, Western Australia
FIGURE 2. Uperoleia micra sp. nov.: A) WAM R164988 from Katers Island, Western Australia; B) WAM R168042; C) WAM R168044 from near Bachsten Creek, Western Australia; D) collection location of calling males (WAM R168039– 40) near Bachsten Creek; males were calling from the low crevice within which had flowing water, and U. borealis and U. crassa were calling from the flooded grassy areas in the foreground (height of boulders ~ 2.5 m).
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Uperoleia (Anura: Myobatrachidae) from the northwest Kimberley, Western Australia
FIGURE 1. Distribution of Uperoleia micra sp. nov. and U. minima in the northwest Kimberley, Western Australia.
FIGURE 8 in A new species of Litoria (Anura: Hylidae) with a highly distinctive tadpole from the north-western Kimberley region of Western Australia
FIGURE 8. Comparison of call structures in Litoria aurifera sp. nov. and Litoria meiriana. A = L. aurifera: 1) advertisement call with following squeak 2) grind with following squeak. B = L. meiriana, advertisement call with following squeak. In all cases the upper trace is an oscillogram and the lower trace a sound spectrogram. Spectrogram traces have been optimised to illustrate frequency bands and modulation and do not necessarily reflect analytical settings reported in the text. Bar represents 0.1 seconds.
FIGURE 9 in A new species of Litoria (Anura: Hylidae) with a highly distinctive tadpole from the north-western Kimberley region of Western Australia
FIGURE 9. Sample call sequences for Litoria meiriana and Litoria aurifera sp nov. Sequences for L. aurifera were overlapped by calls of a Uperoleia species which were filtered out with a bandpass filter (1–2 kHz) and are obvious in the sequence as sections with a very narrow background level. Bar represents 5 seconds.
FIGURE 5 in A new species of Litoria (Anura: Hylidae) with a highly distinctive tadpole from the north-western Kimberley region of Western Australia
FIGURE 5. Comparative larvae in life (lateral, anterior and ventral view): Litoria meiriana and Litoria aurifera sp. nov. A = Litoria meiriana stage 36, lateral view; Nawurlandja Rock, Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory. B = Litoria aurifera stage 35, lateral view; creek off Bachsten Creek, Prince Regent River Nature Reserve, Western Australia. C = Litoria aurifera stage 33, lateral view; creek off Bachsten Creek, Prince Regent River Nature Reserve, Western Australia. D = Litoria aurifera stage 32 anterior view; 5.1 km ESE of junction of Pitta Ck and Prince Regent River, Prince Regent River Nature Reserve. E = Litoria aurifera stage 26, ventral view; creek off Bachsten Creek, Prince Regent River Nature Reserve, Western Australia. Bar represents 5 mm.
FIGURE 4 in A new species of Litoria (Anura: Hylidae) with a highly distinctive tadpole from the north-western Kimberley region of Western Australia
FIGURE 4. Comparative larval drawings: Litoria aurifera sp. nov. and Litoria meiriana. A = L. meiriana stage 35 lateral view, Nawurlandja Rock, Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory. B = L. meiriana dorsal view stage 35, Nawurlandja Rock, Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory. C = L. aurifera stage 37 lateral view, Prince Regent River Nature Reserve, Western Australia. D = L. aurifera stage 37 dorsal view, Prince Regent River Nature Reserve, Western Australia. Bar represents 5 mm.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Litoria (Anura: Hylidae) with a highly distinctive tadpole from the north-western Kimberley region of Western Australia
FIGURE 2. Comparative adult frogs in life: Litoria meiriana and Litoria aurifera sp. nov. A = Litoria meiriana, active by day, Nawurlandja Rock, Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory. B = Litoria aurifera, at night in habitat, Prince Regent Nature Reserve, Western Australia. C = Litoria aurifera, holotype (WAM R169913, female) dorsolateral view, during daytime, raised from tadpole in captivity. D = Litoria aurifera, holotype (WAM R169913, female) dorsal view. E = Litoria aurifera, holotype (WAM R169913, female) ventral view. F = Litoria aurifera, anterior view, at night in habitat, Prince Regent Nature Reserve, Western Australia. Bar represents 5 mm.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of Litoria (Anura: Hylidae) with a highly distinctive tadpole from the north-western Kimberley region of Western Australia
FIGURE 3. Distributions of Litoria aurifera sp. nov. and Litoria meiriana in north-western Australia.
FIGURE 6 in A new species of Litoria (Anura: Hylidae) with a highly distinctive tadpole from the north-western Kimberley region of Western Australia
FIGURE 6. Comparative larvae in life (dorsal view): Litoria aurifera sp. nov. and Litoria meiriana. A = Litoria meiriana stage 37 showing colour variation (dorsal view), Nawurlandja Rock Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory. B = Litoria aurifera stages 42, 41, 36 and 26 (top to bottom), on a leaf taken from natural habitat. C = Litoria aurifera stage 43, Prince Regent River Nature Reserve, Western Australia. D = Litoria aurifera stage 45 (holotype WAM R169913 as a metamorph), Prince Regent River Nature Reserve, Western Australia. E = Litoria aurifera tadpole camouflaged on substrate in creek, Prince Regent River Nature Reserve, Western Australia. Arrow indicates yellow part of tail. F = Litoria aurifera tadpole on substrate in creek, Prince Regent River Nature Reserve, Western Australia. Bar represents 5 mm.
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