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Fig. 4 in Phyletic Diversification Of The Cormohipparion Occidentale Complex (Mammalia; Perissodactyla, Equidae), Late Miocene, North America, And The Origin Of The Old World Hippotherium Datum
Fig. 4. Diagram showing location of cranial measurements and cheek tooth measurement methodology. A, dorsal view. B, posterior view. A and B after Eisenmann et al. (1988). C, measurement of length and width of upper cheek teeth and length and width of protocone. D, measurement of MSTHT from base to tip of mesostyle at labial surface of cheek tooth.
Fig. 28 in Phyletic Diversification Of The Cormohipparion Occidentale Complex (Mammalia; Perissodactyla, Equidae), Late Miocene, North America, And The Origin Of The Old World Hippotherium Datum
Fig. 28. Log-ratio diagram of cranial dimension of C. johnsoni in comparison with C. quinni. Data for C. quinni from Woodburne (1996b).
Fig. 8. Cormohipparion fricki, referred. F in Phyletic Diversification Of The Cormohipparion Occidentale Complex (Mammalia; Perissodactyla, Equidae), Late Miocene, North America, And The Origin Of The Old World Hippotherium Datum
Fig. 8. Cormohipparion fricki, referred. F:AM 71880, Hollow Horn Bear Quarry, Ash Hollow Formation, Little White River, South Dakota; early Clarendonian. A, lateral view of facial region of cranium. B, occlusal view of cheek tooth dentition, LP2–M3.
Fig. 12. Neohipparion affine. A–B, AMNH 141218 in Phyletic Diversification Of The Cormohipparion Occidentale Complex (Mammalia; Perissodactyla, Equidae), Late Miocene, North America, And The Origin Of The Old World Hippotherium Datum
Fig. 12. Neohipparion affine. A–B, AMNH 141218, Hollow Horn Bear Quarry, Ash Hollow Formation, South Dakota, early Clarendonian. A, lateral view of cranium, reversed. B, occlusal view of cheek tooth dentition. C–E, F:AM 111728, MacAdams Quarry, Clarendon Beds, Texas; early Clarendonian. C, lateral view of cranium, reconstructed from both sides, slightly crushed dorsoventrally. D, occlusal view of cheek tooth dentition, with dP1. E, occlusal view of lower cheek teeth. F, lateral view of left mandible. A and B drawn by Ellen L.Forsyth. C–E after MacFadden (1984: figs. 66, 69).
Fig. 10. Cormohipparion occidentale, referred. A, F in Phyletic Diversification Of The Cormohipparion Occidentale Complex (Mammalia; Perissodactyla, Equidae), Late Miocene, North America, And The Origin Of The Old World Hippotherium Datum
Fig. 10. Cormohipparion occidentale, referred. A, F:AM 71800, XMas-Kat Quarry, Merritt Dam Member, Ash Hollow Formation, Cherry County, Nebraska, lateral view of cranium. After MacFadden (1984: fig. 131). See figure 7C for upper cheek tooth dentition. B–E, F:AM 71801. B, lateral view of cranium, after MacFadden (1984: fig. 132). C–E, cross-section and occlusal pattern of left upper cheek tooth dentition. C, near base of tooth. D, approximate middle of tooth. E, occlusal surface of tooth. After MacFadden (1984: fig. 18).
Fig. 1 in Phyletic Diversification Of The Cormohipparion Occidentale Complex (Mammalia; Perissodactyla, Equidae), Late Miocene, North America, And The Origin Of The Old World Hippotherium Datum
Fig. 1. Selected North American sites (and age) yielding species of Cormohipparion. In California, E 5 El Paso Basin; V 5 Valyermo, Devil's Punchbowl.
Fig. 2 in Phyletic Diversification Of The Cormohipparion Occidentale Complex (Mammalia; Perissodactyla, Equidae), Late Miocene, North America, And The Origin Of The Old World Hippotherium Datum
Fig. 2. Stratigraphic distribution of species of Cormohipparion in North America. Paleogmagnetic scale after Berggren et al. (1995). Mammal ages Woodburne (2004b). Calibrations of specific mammal-bearing units are discussed in the text.
Fig. 3 in Phyletic Diversification Of The Cormohipparion Occidentale Complex (Mammalia; Perissodactyla, Equidae), Late Miocene, North America, And The Origin Of The Old World Hippotherium Datum
Fig. 3. Diagram showing location of cranial measurements. After Eisenmann et al. (1988). Ventral view.
Fig. 21. Cormohipparion fricki, F in Phyletic Diversification Of The Cormohipparion Occidentale Complex (Mammalia; Perissodactyla, Equidae), Late Miocene, North America, And The Origin Of The Old World Hippotherium Datum
Fig. 21. Cormohipparion fricki, F:AM 73912, MacAdams Quarry, Clarendon beds, Texas, medial Clarendonian. A, lateral view of craniuim. B, occlusal view of upper cheek tooth dentition.
Fig. 18 in Phyletic Diversification Of The Cormohipparion Occidentale Complex (Mammalia; Perissodactyla, Equidae), Late Miocene, North America, And The Origin Of The Old World Hippotherium Datum
Fig. 18. Log-ratio diagram of cranial dimensions of Cormohipparion johnsoni compared with C. occidentale, XMas-Kat quarries, Merritt Dam Member, Ash Hollow Formation, Cherry County, Nebraska.
Fig. 20 in Phyletic Diversification Of The Cormohipparion Occidentale Complex (Mammalia; Perissodactyla, Equidae), Late Miocene, North America, And The Origin Of The Old World Hippotherium Datum
Fig. 20. Log-ratio diagram of cranial dimensions of Cormohipparion merriami compared with C. occidentale, XMas-Kat quarries, Merritt Dam Member, Ash Hollow Formation, Cherry County, Nebraska.
Fig. 24 in Phyletic Diversification Of The Cormohipparion Occidentale Complex (Mammalia; Perissodactyla, Equidae), Late Miocene, North America, And The Origin Of The Old World Hippotherium Datum
Fig. 24. Log-ratio diagram of cranial dimensions of Cormohipparion skinneri compared with C. occidentale, XMas-Kat quarries, Merritt Dam Member, Ash Hollow Formation, Cherry County, Nebraska.
Fig. 31 in Phyletic Diversification Of The Cormohipparion Occidentale Complex (Mammalia; Perissodactyla, Equidae), Late Miocene, North America, And The Origin Of The Old World Hippotherium Datum
Fig. 31. Log-ratio diagram of cranial parameters of Hippotheriium primigenium from Höwenegg, Germany, compared with C. merriami. June and Midway quarries, Nebraska.
Fig. 23. Cormohipparion skinneri, F in Phyletic Diversification Of The Cormohipparion Occidentale Complex (Mammalia; Perissodactyla, Equidae), Late Miocene, North America, And The Origin Of The Old World Hippotherium Datum
Fig. 23. Cormohipparion skinneri, F:AM 73909, Gidley Horse Quarry, Clarendon beds, Texas, medial Clarendonian. A, lateral view of cranium, modified from MacFadden (1984: fig. 133A). B, occlusal view of right upper cheek tooth dentition, reversed. After MacFadden (1984: fig. 133B). C, occlusal view of right lower cheek tooth dentition, reversed. D, right lateral view of mandible (reversed). After MacFadden (1984: fig. 136). Note dashed-line X showing the configuration of the metaconid, metastylid, and ectoflexid in P4 (for premolars) and the H pattern on M1 (for M1 and M2).
Fig. 30 in Phyletic Diversification Of The Cormohipparion Occidentale Complex (Mammalia; Perissodactyla, Equidae), Late Miocene, North America, And The Origin Of The Old World Hippotherium Datum
Fig. 30. Cladogram of species of Cormohipparion, the LACM specimen, and Hippotherium primigeniuim with outgroups of Parahippus leonensis, ''Merychippus'' primus, M. insignis. Tree length is 124; Consistency Index is 0.742; Retention Index is 0.782; Homoplasy Index is 0.258. Bootstrap values are in boldface. Based on a character distribution analysis via MacClade 4.08. Nodes 1–8 are as in fig. 27. At Node 9, the maxillo-lacrimal and naso-lacrimal sutures form an obtuse angle (14:0); the posterior border of the premolar prefossette has 8–9 plis (23:4). C. matthewi is distinguished by having a reduced MSTHT to ca. 42 mm (18:3), and a lower premolar ectoflexid that penetrates the space between the metaconid and metastylid (31:0). At Node 10, the molar posterior prefossette increases to 10 or more (24:5); the premolar postfossette plis increase to 2–3 (27:1); the molar postfossette plis similarly increase to 2–3 (28:1); and the molar pli caballin is usually double (30:2) The LACM specimen of Cormohipparion is distinguished by having reverted to a P2 protocone that attaches to the protoloph within 20–30% wear (20:2); an increase in premolar posterior prefossette plis to 10 or more (23:5); and an increase in premolar plis caballin to 4 (29:4). Node 11 has no distinguishing characteristics but is the point at which C. occidentale and H. primigenium diverge from the LACM specimen of Cormohipparion. H. primigenium is distinguished by the IOF located above the P2–P3 boundary (10:0); the low position of the IOF relative to the ventral border of the orbit (11:0); the maxillo-lacrimal and naso-lacrimal sutures forming an acute angle (14:1); the maxillo-lacrimal and lacrimo-jugal sutures forming an acute angle; the dP1/P2 length ratio retained at ca. 60% (17:1); and their being 8–9 molar anterior postfossette plis. C. occidentale is distinguished in having an unworn cheek tooth MSTHT 60–66 mm (18:6); their being 8–9 molar posterior prefossette plis (24:4); and the orbit being posterior to M3 (38:2). At Node 12, the IOF is located above P2 (36:1). C. fricki is distinguished by having a palpable anterior rim of the DPOF (8:1); molars have 2–3 plis on the anterior border of the prefossette (22:1); the protocone retains a spur (35:0); and the orbit is posterior to M3 (38:2). C. skinneri is distinguished by having the lower premolar ectoflexid making an X-pattern with the metaconid/metastylid (31:2).
Fig. 27 in Phyletic Diversification Of The Cormohipparion Occidentale Complex (Mammalia; Perissodactyla, Equidae), Late Miocene, North America, And The Origin Of The Old World Hippotherium Datum
Fig. 27. Cladogram of species of Cormohipparion, with outgroups of Parahippus leonensis, ''Merychippus'' primus, M. insignis. Tree length is 93; Consistency Index is 0.849; Retention Index is 0.770; Homoplasy Index is 0.208. Bootstrap values are in boldface. Based on a character distribution analysis via MacClade 4.08. Node 1 is the outgroup, Parahippus leonensis. Node 2 shows that ''M.'' primus can be distinguished by the lacrimo-jugal and maxillo-lacrimal sutures forming a right angle (15:0). At Node 3, the mesodont taxa M. insignis + Cormohipparion are distinguished by having an anteriorly oriented nasomaxillary fossa (5:1); maxillo-lacrimal and naso-lacrimal sutures form an acute angle (14:2); P2 protocone connecting to the protoloph in late wear (50–60%; 20:4); premolar anterior postfossette plis are 2–3 (25:1); molar anterior postfossette plis are 2–3 (26:1); molar pli caballin is usually single (30:1); protocone is isolated from, rather than connected to, the protoloph (34:1); and the orbit is positioned above M3 (38:1). Merychippus insignis is distinguished by having the IOF above P4 (10:2); the length ratio of dP1–P2 is about 50% (17:1); the hypoconal groove in the cheek teeth has 1–2 plis (33:1). At Node 4 (Cormohipparion), the lacrimal fossa is absent (1:1); the anterior end of the lacrimal fossa thus is absent (4:2); the IOF is aligned with the lower one-third of the orbit (12:1); the lacrimal is pointed anteriorly (13:1); the upper premolars have 4–5 plis in the posterior border of the prefossette (23:2); the upper molars have 4–5 plis in the posterior border of the prefossette (24:2); the lower premolar ectoflexid retracts from the metaconid/metastylid in early wear (31:1); and the IOF is located below the anterior end of the nasomaxillary fossa (37:1) C. goorisi is distinguished by having the P2 protocone connect to the protoloph within 40–50% wear (20:3); the lower premolar isthmus is not developed in early wear (32:1). At Node 5, there are 4–5 plis in the premolar anterior border of the postfossette (25:2); the premolar pli caballin is usually double (29:2); and the protocone lacks a spur (35:1).
Fig. 14. Cormohipparion matthewi. F in Phyletic Diversification Of The Cormohipparion Occidentale Complex (Mammalia; Perissodactyla, Equidae), Late Miocene, North America, And The Origin Of The Old World Hippotherium Datum
Fig. 14. Cormohipparion matthewi. F:AM 71802, XMas-Kat quarries, Merritt Dam Member, Ash Hollow Formation, Cherry County, Nebraska. A, lateral view of cranium. B, occlusal view of upper cheek tooth dentition.
FIG. 1 in Les micro-mammifères (Mammalia, Rodentia, Afrosoricida et Soricomorpha) du massif du Tsaratanana et biogéographie des forêts de montagne de Madagascar
FIG. 1. — Carte de Madagascar représentant quelques traits topographiques des zones de hautes montagnes de l'île et les sommets principaux.Le médaillon montre le massif de Tsaratanana, les systèmes hydrographiques provenant de cette montagne et ses alentours. Les acronymes pour les sites sont expliqués dans le Tableau 1.
Figure 12 in The anatomy of Odobenocetops (Delphinoidea, Mammalia), the walrus-like dolphin from the Pliocene of Peru and its palaeobiological implications
Figure 12. Odobenocetops leptodon, referred specimen (MNHN SAO 202). Left forelimb in lateral (A) and medial (B) views.
Figure 5 in The anatomy of Odobenocetops (Delphinoidea, Mammalia), the walrus-like dolphin from the Pliocene of Peru and its palaeobiological implications
Figure 5. Reconstruction of the dorsal view of the rostrum of Odobenocetops leptodon. Abbreviations: Fps, fossa for the premaxillary sac; Fr, frontal; Mx, maxilla; NaF, narial fossa; Pmx, premaxilla; Sb, supplementary bone.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.