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626 results for “Methanation”
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR): Methane chamber flux data, 2016 - 2018
The Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR) project addresses the following questions: 1) Does ecosystem warming cause a net release of C from the ecosystem to the atmosphere?, 2) Does the decomposition of old C, that comprises the bulk of the soil C pool, influence ecosystem C loss?, and 3) How do winter and summer warming alone, and in combination, affect ecosystem C exchange? We are answering these questions using a combination of field and laboratory experiments to measure ecosystem carbon balance and radiocarbon isotope ratios at a warming experiment located in an upland tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. This dataset includes methane flux data from winter warming, summer, warming, and control treatment plots.
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed,Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating and Drying Research (DryPEHR): Methane chamber flux data, 2016 - 2018
This drying and warming experiment addresses the following questions: 1) Does ecosystem drying, warming and permafrost thaw cause a net release or uptake of C from the ecosystem to the atmosphere?, 2) Does the decomposition of old C that comprises the bulk of the soil C pool influence ecosystem C loss? 3) How do drying and warming affect plant communities and ecosystem properties? We are answering these questions using a combined warming and drying experiment (DryPEHR), which is situated with the Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR) project and located in an upland tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. Warming treatment here refers to growing season air temperature warming (~1C) using open top chambers (OTC) combined with soil 'warming' using snow fences during the snow covered months. Drying is achieved using an automated pumping system that lowers the water table in the dry plots. Soil warming began in 2008; OTCs and drying in 2011. *** ADD YOUR OWN DATA SPECIFIC DETAILS HERE
Plant-mediated root methane emissions and oxidation in a thermokarst bog complex in the Bonanza Creek LTER Experimental Forest I - Standard Oxic Methane Fluxes 2015
Vascular plants are important in the wetland methane cycle but their effect on production, oxidation, and transport has high uncertainty, limiting our ability to predict emissions. Vegetation operated on top of baseline methane emissions, which varied with proximity to the thawing permafrost margin. Emissions from vegetated plots increased over the season, resulting in cumulative seasonal methane emissions that were 4.1-5.2 g m-2 season-1 greater than unvegetated plots. Mass balance calculations signify these greater emissions were due to increased methane production (3.0-3.5 g m-2 season-1) and decreased methane oxidation (1.1-1.6 g m-2 season-1). Minimal oxidation occurred along the plant-transport pathway and oxidation was suppressed outside the plant pathway. Our data indicate suppression of methane oxidation was stimulated by root exudates fueling competition among microbes for electron acceptors. Root exudates are known to fuel methane production and our work provides evidence they also decrease methane oxidation. This dataset contains the 2015 weekly oxic methane flux from treatment plots within a bog complex in the Bonanza Creek LTER. Treatments include natural-vegetation, simulated-aerenchyma, and sphagnum-only. No updates are planned.
Plant-mediated root methane emissions and oxidation in a thermokarst bog complex in the Bonanza Creek LTER Experimental Forest II - Non-standard Anoxic Methane Fluxes and Associated Standard Oxic Fluxes 2015
Vascular plants are important in the wetland methane cycle but their effect on production, oxidation, and transport has high uncertainty, limiting our ability to predict emissions. Vegetation operated on top of baseline methane emissions, which varied with proximity to the thawing permafrost margin. Emissions from vegetated plots increased over the season, resulting in cumulative seasonal methane emissions that were 4.1-5.2 g m-2 season-1 greater than unvegetated plots. Mass balance calculations signify these greater emissions were due to increased methane production (3.0-3.5 g m-2 season-1) and decreased methane oxidation (1.1-1.6 g m-2 season-1). Minimal oxidation occurred along the plant-transport pathway and oxidation was suppressed outside the plant pathway. Our data indicate suppression of methane oxidation was stimulated by root exudates fueling competition among microbes for electron acceptors. Root exudates are known to fuel methane production and our work provides evidence they also decrease methane oxidation. This dataset contains the 2015 weekly anoxic methane flux from treatment plots within a bog complex in the Bonanza Creek LTER. Anoxic measurements used with oxic measurements to calculate the fraction of methane oxidized. Treatments include natural-vegetation, simulated-aerenchyma, and sphagnum-only. No updates are planned.
Plant-mediated root methane emissions and oxidation in a thermokarst bog complex in the Bonanza Creek LTER Experimental Forest III - Non-standard Dark Methane Fluxes and Associated Standard Oxic Fluxes 2015
Vascular plants are important in the wetland methane cycle but their effect on production, oxidation, and transport has high uncertainty, limiting our ability to predict emissions. Vegetation operated on top of baseline methane emissions, which varied with proximity to the thawing permafrost margin. Emissions from vegetated plots increased over the season, resulting in cumulative seasonal methane emissions that were 4.1-5.2 g m-2 season-1 greater than unvegetated plots. Mass balance calculations signify these greater emissions were due to increased methane production (3.0-3.5 g m-2 season-1) and decreased methane oxidation (1.1-1.6 g m-2 season-1). Minimal oxidation occurred along the plant-transport pathway and oxidation was suppressed outside the plant pathway. Our data indicate suppression of methane oxidation was stimulated by root exudates fueling competition among microbes for electron acceptors. Root exudates are known to fuel methane production and our work provides evidence they also decrease methane oxidation. This dataset contains the 2015 weekly anoxic control methane flux from treatment plots within a bog complex in the Bonanza Creek LTER. Anoxic control measurements used to assess the effect of the anoxic fluxes on results. Treatments include natural-vegetation, simulated-aerenchyma, and sphagnum-only. No updates are planned.
Plant-mediated root methane emissions and oxidation in a thermokarst bog complex in the Bonanza Creek LTER Experimental Forest IV - Oxic and Anoxic Methane Fluxes on Isolated Carex Plants 2015
Vascular plants are important in the wetland methane cycle but their effect on production, oxidation, and transport has high uncertainty, limiting our ability to predict emissions. Vegetation operated on top of baseline methane emissions, which varied with proximity to the thawing permafrost margin. Emissions from vegetated plots increased over the season, resulting in cumulative seasonal methane emissions that were 4.1-5.2 g m-2 season-1 greater than unvegetated plots. Mass balance calculations signify these greater emissions were due to increased methane production (3.0-3.5 g m-2 season-1) and decreased methane oxidation (1.1-1.6 g m-2 season-1). Minimal oxidation occurred along the plant-transport pathway and oxidation was suppressed outside the plant pathway. Our data indicate suppression of methane oxidation was stimulated by root exudates fueling competition among microbes for electron acceptors. Root exudates are known to fuel methane production and our work provides evidence they also decrease methane oxidation. This dataset contains 2015 monthly methane fluxes from isolated Carex plants in a bog complex in the Bonanza Creek LTER. Isolated plant fluxes were used to partition the flux from the plant mediated pathway.
Plant-mediated root methane emissions and oxidation in a thermokarst bog complex in the Bonanza Creek LTER Experimental Forest V - Raw Microbial Community Analysis Data 2015
Vascular plants are important in the wetland methane cycle but their effect on production, oxidation, and transport has high uncertainty, limiting our ability to predict emissions. Vegetation operated on top of baseline methane emissions, which varied with proximity to the thawing permafrost margin. Emissions from vegetated plots increased over the season, resulting in cumulative seasonal methane emissions that were 4.1-5.2 g m-2 season-1 greater than unvegetated plots. Mass balance calculations signify these greater emissions were due to increased methane production (3.0-3.5 g m-2 season-1) and decreased methane oxidation (1.1-1.6 g m-2 season-1). Minimal oxidation occurred along the plant-transport pathway and oxidation was suppressed outside the plant pathway. Our data indicate suppression of methane oxidation was stimulated by root exudates fueling competition among microbes for electron acceptors. Root exudates are known to fuel methane production and our work provides evidence they also decrease methane oxidation. This dataset contains 2015 results from monthly DNA analyses taken on cores from natural conditions in a bog complex in the Bonanza Creek LTER.
Plant-mediated root methane emissions and oxidation in a thermokarst bog complex in the Bonanza Creek LTER Experimental Forest VI - Raw Oxygen Injection Experiment Data 2015
Vascular plants are important in the wetland methane cycle but their effect on production, oxidation, and transport has high uncertainty, limiting our ability to predict emissions. Vegetation operated on top of baseline methane emissions, which varied with proximity to the thawing permafrost margin. Emissions from vegetated plots increased over the season, resulting in cumulative seasonal methane emissions that were 4.1-5.2 g m-2 season-1 greater than unvegetated plots. Mass balance calculations signify these greater emissions were due to increased methane production (3.0-3.5 g m-2 season-1) and decreased methane oxidation (1.1-1.6 g m-2 season-1). Minimal oxidation occurred along the plant-transport pathway and oxidation was suppressed outside the plant pathway. Our data indicate suppression of methane oxidation was stimulated by root exudates fueling competition among microbes for electron acceptors. Root exudates are known to fuel methane production and our work provides evidence they also decrease methane oxidation. This dataset contains mo monthly 2015 oxygen decay rates from unmanipulated conditions as well as in plots where vascular vegetation was removed.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Soil-atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane on snow removal plots
Soil atmosphere fluxes of the trace gases; carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) have been measured at several locations at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) including 1) the “freeze” study reference plots that provide contrast between stands dominated (80%) by sugar maple versus yellow birch and low and high elevation areas, 2) the Bear Brook Watershed where trace gas sampling is coordinated with long-term monitoring of microbial biomass and activity and 3) watershed 1 where trace gas sampling locations were co-located with long-term microbial biomass and activity monitoring sites that are located near a subset of the lysimeter sites established for the calcium addition study on this watershed. This dataset contains the Freeze study data. Watershed 1 and Bear Brook trace gas data can be found in: https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=116. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. These data have been published in: Groffman, P. M., Hardy, J. P., Driscoll, C. T., & Fahey, T. J. (2006). Snow depth, soil freezing, and fluxes of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane in a northern hardwood forest. Global Change Biology, 12, 1748–1760.
Soil nitrous oxide and methane data for South slope of Niwot Ridge, 1992.
To determine the effect of increased nitrogen availability on fluxes of N2O and CH4 from alpine soils, we measured fluxes of these gases from fertilized and unfertilized soils in two alpine plant communities differing in net primary productivity, soil organic matter quality, and moisture. Five fertilized and 5 unfertilized plots within each community type were sampled. In the dry meadow community, the addition of nitrogen resulted in a 22-fold increase in N2O emission, while in the wet meadow, we observed a 45-fold increase in N2O emission rates. Methane uptake in the dry meadow community was reduced 52% by fertilization. However, net CH4 production occurred in all of the wet meadow plots and emission rates were not significantly affected by fertilization. Net nitrification rates were higher in dry meadow fertilized plots than in non-fertilized plots throughout the growing season. Net mineralization rates in fertilized dry meadow plots were higher than those in non-fertilized plots during the latter half of the growing season. Carbon to nitrogen ratios and amounts of total soil organic nitrogen in both the wet and dry meadow were not significantly affected by fertilization.
Soil methane flux, temperature, moisture, C, and N data for South of saddle, 1991.
Methane emissions were measured from dry and wet meadow plots established by W. Bowman in the Boulder watershed south of the Saddle. The effects of N and P fertilization were evaluated.
Soil methane flux data for Saddle, 1992.
Trace gas samples were collected from 3 alpine tundra vegetation community types (dry meadow, moist meadow, wet meadow) on Niwot Ridge saddle during the summer months of 1992 and 1993 (this data set contains data only from 1992). In addition, samples were collected from a set of control and nitrogen amended plots in both dry and wet meadow community types. Soil temperatures were measured in conjunction with the trace gas sampling. Methane fluxes were calculated from the gas concentration data.
Radiocarbon content of carbon dioxide, methane, dissolved organic carbon and particulate organic carbon from the northern permafrost region and other studies
<p>The dataset includes <sup>14</sup>C measurements of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, DOC and POC mostly from the northern permafrost region. Some other studies are included from sites not underlained by permafrost. The dataset focuses on <sup>14</sup>C measurements of gaseous soil emissions and waterborne ecosystem C fluxes but the database also included C forms belowground, such as soil gases and pore water DOC. </p>
Techno-economic model of Methane pyrolysis in liquid metal bubble column reactor for hydrogen direct reduction of iron ore
<p>Reducing emissions from the iron and steel industry is essential to achieve the Paris climate goals.A new system to reduce the carbon footprint of steel production is proposed in this article by coupling hydrogen direct reduction of iron ore (H-DRI) and natural gas pyrolysis on the liquid metal surface inside a bubble column reactor. If grid electricity from the EU is used, the emissions would be 435 kgCO\textsubscript{2}/tls without considering methane leakage from the extraction, storage, and transport of natural gas. Solid carbon, produced as a by-product of natural gas decomposition, finds applications in many industrial sectors, including as a replacement for coal in coke ovens. The specific energy consumption (SEC) of the proposed system is approximately 6.3 MWh per ton of liquid steel(tls).It is higher than other competing technologies,3.48 MWh/tls for water electrolysis based DRI, and 4.3-4.5 MWh/tls for natural gas-based DRI and blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) respectively. The utilization of large quantities of natural gas, where the carbon remains unused, is the major reason for the high SEC. Preliminary analysis of the system revealed that it has the potential to compete with existing technologies to produce CO\textsubscript{2}free steel, if renewable electricity is used. Further studies on the kinetics of the bubble column reactor, H-DRI shaft furnace, design, and sizing of components, along with the building of industrial prototypes are required to improve the understanding of the system performance.</p>
Isotopic and GDGTs analysis of methane-related biological processes (methane production and oxidation) in a Miocene sedimentary pool
<p>Methane is one of the most important greenhouse gases. A substantial proportion of this gas originates from marine environments where both its biological formation and oxidation occur. Variations in seawater properties due to climatic perturbations are likely to be reflected in the living conditions of both methanotrophic and methanogenic microbiota. The debate about the fate of the marine methane cycle facing global change may benefit from the inclusion of data concerning marine palaeoenvironments, especially salt-bearing sediments, which are a relic of the evaporitic sea. The study presents a GDGT-derived palaeorecord of methane-related biological processes in Miocene Wieliczka Formation sediments (a remnant of the Paratethys sea) as well as a description of present-day microbial communities subsisting in evaporates using activity measurements and high throughput sequencing. The results revealed that GDGT-based indices corresponded with the reconstructed sedimentary conditions and microbial ecophysiology which confirms their applicability of reconstruction for biological methane formation and oxidation in saline environments.</p>
Amplicon sequence variants by sample table from Antarctic methane seeps
<p>Antarctica is estimated to contain as much as a quarter of earth's marine methane, however we have not discovered an active Antarctic methane seep limiting our understanding of the methane cycle. In 2011, an expansive (70m x 1m) microbial mat formed at 10m water depth in the Ross Sea, Antarctica and we carried out 16S rRNA gene analysis on samples collected one year and five years after the methane seep formed. The data set attached is the resulting Amplicon Sequence Variant table by sample that we used to track the community composition change during this time and in comparison to other sampling in the McMurdo sound region. </p>
North West England mobile methane concentration and isotope measurements
<p>This dataset contains mobile isotopic (<sup>13</sup>C/<sup>12</sup>C) methane measurements and associated data collected around the Fylde, Lancaster, Morecambe Bay, and Barrow-in-Furness in North West England. Data were collected between November 2016 and March 2017.</p> <p> </p> <p>For further details see the following papers:</p> <p><span>Takriti, M., Ward, S.E., Wynn, P.M., McNamara, N.P., 2023. Isotopic characterisation and mobile detection of methane emissions in a heterogeneous UK landscape. Atmospheric Environment 305, 119774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119774</span></p> <p><span>Takriti, M., Wynn, P.M., Elias, D.M.O., Ward, S.E., Oakley, S., McNamara, N.P., 2021. Mobile methane measurements: Effects of instrument specifications on data interpretation, reproducibility, and isotopic precision. Atmospheric Environment 246, 118067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.118067</span></p> <p></p>
Supplementary Data for "Influence of First And Second Coordination Environment on Structural Fe(II) Sites in MIL-101 for C-H Bond Activation in Methane"
<p>Cartesian coordinates for all the optimized geometries reported in "Influence of First And Second Coordination Environment on Structural Fe(II) Sites in MIL-101 for C-H Bond Activation in Methane" (acscatal.0c03906)</p>
Data from: Analysis of local-scale background concentrations of methane and other gas-phase species in the Marcellus Shale
The Marcellus Shale is a rapidly developing unconventional natural gas resource found in part of the Appalachian region. Air quality and climate concerns have been raised regarding development of unconventional natural gas resources. Two ground-based mobile measurement campaigns were conducted to assess the impact of Marcellus Shale natural gas development on local scale atmospheric background concentrations of air pollution and climate relevant pollutants in Pennsylvania. The first campaign took place in Northeastern and Southwestern PA in the summer of 2012. Compounds monitored included methane (CH4), ethane, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide, and Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS) measured volatile organic compounds (VOC) including oxygenated and aromatic VOC. The second campaign took place in Northeastern PA in the summer of 2015. The mobile monitoring data were analyzed using interval percentile smoothing to remove bias from local unmixed emissions to isolate local-scale background concentrations. Comparisons were made to other ambient monitoring in the Marcellus region including a NOAA SENEX flight in 2013. Local background CH4 mole fractions were 140 ppbv greater in Southwestern PA compared to Northeastern PA in 2012 and background CH4 increased 100 ppbv from 2012 to 2015. CH4 local background mole fractions were not found to have a detectable relationship between well density or production rates in either region. In Northeastern PA, CO was observed to decrease 75 ppbv over the three year period. Toluene to benzene ratios in both study regions were found to be most similar to aged rural air masses indicating that the emission of aromatic VOC from Marcellus Shale activity may not be significantly impacting local background concentrations. In addition to understanding local background concentrations the ground-based mobile measurements were useful for investigating the composition of natural gas emissions in the region.
Data from: Initial nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, and methane costs of converting conservation reserve program grassland to row crops under no-till vs. conventional tillage
Around 4.4 million ha of land in USDA Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) contracts will expire between 2013 and 2018 and some will likely return to crop production. No-till (NT) management offers the potential to reduce the global warming costs of CO2 , CH4 , and N2 O emissions during CRP conversion, but to date there have been no CRP conversion tillage comparisons. In 2009, we converted portions of three 9-21 ha CRP fields in Michigan to conventional tillage (CT) or NT soybean production and reserved a fourth field for reference. Both CO2 and N2 O fluxes increased following herbicide application in all converted fields, but in the CT treatment substantial and immediate N2 O and CO2 fluxes occurred after tillage. For the initial 201-day conversion period, average daily N2 O fluxes (g N2 O-N ha-1 d-1 ) were significantly different in the order: CT (47.5 ± 6.31, n = 6) ≫ NT (16.7 ± 2.45, n = 6) ≫ reference (2.51 ± 0.73, n = 4). Similarly, soil CO2 fluxes in CT were 1.2 times those in NT and 3.1 times those in the unconverted CRP reference field. All treatments were minor sinks for CH4 (-0.69 ± 0.42 to -1.86 ± 0.37 g CH4 -C ha-1 d-1 ) with no significant differences among treatments. The positive global warming impact (GWI) of converted soybean fields under both CT (11.5 Mg CO2 e ha-1 ) and NT (2.87 Mg CO2 e ha-1 ) was in contrast to the negative GWI of the unconverted reference field (-3.5 Mg CO2 e ha-1 ) with on-going greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation. N2 O contributed 39.3% and 55.0% of the GWI under CT and NT systems with the remainder contributed by CO2 (60.7% and 45.0%, respectively). Including foregone mitigation, we conclude that NT management can reduce GHG costs by ~60% compared to CT during initial CRP conversion.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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