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1,196 results for “Minerals”
Data from: Reciprocating thermochemical mediator of pre-biotic polymer decomposition on mineral surfaces
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Location and caller familiarity influence mobbing behaviour and the likely ecological impact of noisy miners around colony edges
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Data from: Natural tree colonisation of organo-mineral soils does not provide a net carbon capture benefit at decadal timescales
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Cover crop application on dredged sediments increases corn yield through microorganism-associated enzyme-driven nutrient mineralization.
Common strategies to mitigate soil degradation of agricultural soils include cover crop application and soil amendment addition. Applying dredged sediments as a soil amendment is gaining popularity since they often provide benefits other amendments lack; however, their use with a cover crop is largely unexplored. To understand how cover crop use changes the restorative properties of dredged sediments, we assessed soil physical and chemical properties, enzymatic activities, and corn yield for plots of dredged sediments with and without a cover crop. Cover crop application on dredged sediments increased corn yields by ~24% when compared to dredged sediments alone. Increases in corn yield were driven by changes in nutrient mineralization, specifically within the nitrogen cycle. The physical and chemical properties of dredged sediments remained unchanged regardless of cover crop application. Our results suggest that when cover crops are applied to dredged sediments, crop yield increased through microorganism-driven nutrient mineralization. However, the physical and chemical environment remained optimal for corn growth within dredged sediments, regardless of cover crop application. This research is a vital step into understanding the use of dredged sediments in agricultural soil systems.
Net N Mineralization Rates in Peat From N-Addition Plots in an Alberta Peatland, 2011-2014
Development of the oil sands has led to increasing atmospheric N deposition, with values as high as 17 kg N ha-1 yr-1; regional background levels <2 kg N ha-1 yr-1. Bogs, being ombrotrophic, may be especially susceptible to increasing N deposition. To examine responses to N deposition, over five years, we experimentally applied N (as NH4NO3) to a bog near Mariana Lakes, Alberta, at rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kg N ha-1 yr-1, plus controls (no water or N addition). From 2011 through 2014, we quantified net N mineralization in each plot using the in situ buried polyethylene bag technique. Concentrations of initial KCl-extractable NH4 +-N, NO3 --N, and DIN in the top 10 cm of peat were unaffected by N inputs. We hypothesized that as N deposition increases to a level that exceeds the capacity of the bog vegetation to take up N, net N mineralization in surface peat would be inhibited by higher NH4 +-N availability, net nitrification would be stimulated by higher NH4 +-N availability (cf. McGill and Cole 1981, Robertson and Groffman 2015), and concentrations of DIN in porewater at the top of the water table would increase, as DIN bypasses interception by the ground layer vegetation. None of these hypotheses was supported. Experimentally added NH4 +-N and NO3 --N apparently appear to be rapidly immobilized. This immobilization prevents experimentally added DIN from moving downward through the peat to the bog water table.
Net N mineralization rates in peat from N-Addition plots in an Alberta Poor Fen, 2011-2014
Development of the oil sands has led to increasing atmospheric N deposition, with values as high as 17 kg N ha-1 yr-1; regional background levels <2 kg N ha-1 yr-1. To examine responses to N deposition, over five years, we experimentally applied N (as NH4NO3) to a poor fen near Mariana Lake, Alberta, at rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kg N ha-1 yr-1, plus controls (no water or N addition). From 2011 through 2014, we quantified net N mineralization in each plot using the in situ buried polyethylene bag technique. Concentrations of initial KCl-extractable NH4+-N, NO3--N, and DIN in the top 10 cm of peat were unaffected by N inputs. We hypothesized that as N deposition increases to a level that exceeds the capacity of the fen vegetation to take up N, net N mineralization in surface peat would be inhibited by higher NH4+-N availability, net nitrification would be stimulated by higher NH4+-N availability, and concentrations of DIN in porewater at the top of the water table would increase, as DIN bypasses interception by the ground layer vegetation. None of these hypotheses was supported. Experimentally added NH4+-N and NO3--N apparently appear to be rapidly immobilized. This immobilization prevents experimentally added DIN from moving downward through the peat to the bog water table.
Biogeochemical and 13C NMR data from NEON surface mineral soils
To understand controls on soil organic matter chemical composition across North America, we collected 13C NMR spectra and conducted and synthesized additional biogeochemical measurements from NEON Megapit soil samples as well as additional samples (total n = 42). This dataset supports the findings described in the associated manuscript by Hall, Ye et al. (2020).
Meta-analytical data on soil organic, particulate organic, and mineral-associated organic carbon under nitrogen fertilization, elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, atmospheric warming, increased precipitation, drought, and their combined effects
Data were harvested from journal articles found on the Web of Science Core Collection and the ProQuest Agricultural and Environmental Database that studied soil organic matter fraction carbon responses to global changes (nitrogen fertilization, elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, atmospheric warming, increased and decreased precipitation, and combined effects). Soil organic carbon fractions were designated as particulate organic carbon or mineral-associated organic carbon based on size and density cutoffs. Relevant metadata, including article information (authors, publication year), environmental information (soil type, climate, and land use), and experiment information (rates, methods) were also added to the dataset.
Effects of Plant Removal on Mineralization Rates at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Gunnison County, Colorado: 2018
The loss of aboveground plant diversity alters belowground ecosystem function; yet, the mechanisms underpinning this relationship and the degree to which plant community structure and climate mediate the effects of plant species loss remain unclear. Here, we explored how plant species loss through experimental removal shaped belowground function in ecosystems characterized by different climatic regimes and edaphic properties. We measured plant community composition as well as potential carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mineralization through laboratory soil incubations and microbial extracellular enzyme activity in soils collected from four unique plant removal experiments located along an elevational gradient in Colorado, USA, during the summer of 2018. We found that regardless of the identity of the removed species or the climate at each site plant removal decreased the absolute variation in potential N-mineralization rates and marginally reduced the magnitude of N-mineralization rates. While plant species removal also marginally reduced C-mineralization rates, C-mineralization, unlike N-mineralization, displayed sensitivity to the climatic and edaphic differences among sites, where C-mineralization was greatest at the high elevation site that receives the most precipitation annually and contains the largest soil total C pools. Plant removal had little impact on soil enzyme activity. Removal effects were not contingent on the amount of biomass removed annually, and shifts in mineralization rates occurred despite only marginal shifts in plant community structure following plant species removal. Our results present a surprisingly simple and consistent pattern of belowground response to the loss of dominant plant species across an elevational gradient with different climatic and edaphic properties, suggesting a common response of belowground ecosystem function to plant species loss regardless of which plant species are lost or the broader climatic context.
Net nitrogen mineralization from shrub gradient and snow manipulations, near Toolik field station, collect in the summer of 2006 and winter of 2006-2007
In arctic tundra, near Toolik Lake, Alaska, we quantified net N-mineralization rates under ambient and manipulated snow treatments at three different plant communities that varied in abundance and height of deciduous shrubs. Our objective was twofold: 1) to test whether the amount of snow that accumulates around arctic deciduous shrubs maintains winter soil temperatures high enough to stimulate microbial activity and increase soil N levels (effect of soil microclimate) and 2) to compare the relative effects of shrubs on N availability via effects on the controls over N mineralization (effect of soil organic matter (SOM) quality). Net nitrogen mineralization was measured using in situ soil cores capped with mixed bed ion exchange resin bags. Seperate cores were incubated in the organic and mineral soils at 10 cm depth in the ambient and snow addition treatments located in moist acidic tundra and two seperate shrub tundra plant communities. Organic soil cores were incubated in the summer and winter while mineral soils were only incubated in the winter.
Proteolytic enzyme activity of organic and mineral soil core samples collected near Toolik Lake field station, Alaska, July 2001
The original focus of this study was an analysis of proteolytic enzyme activity of Alaskan arctic tundra soils, however initial results raised questions regarding the method (Watanabe and Hayano, 1995). Thus, the goals of the study changed to 1) an investigation of the method, and 2) a comparison of enzyme activities of two different soil layers from the arctic tundra. Methodological examination included the impact of toluene, used to prevent immobilization of the product, and blank correction of enzyme activity, and a search for a true 6-h linear rate of activity during a 48-hour incubation. We measured native and potential, using casein as an artificial substrate, activities as net amino acid production in mineral and organic soil layer samples. Varying toluene concentration had no clear effect on activity; omitting toluene resulted in zero native activity and reduced potential for the organic samples, but not for the mineral. Comparison of activities with and without blank correction indicated, particularly for potential activity of samples with low native rates, that correction was required for accuracy. Native and potential activity of the organic samples, and native of the mineral were linear for the first 6 h of incubation; linearity was observed during the 6 to 24 h incubation for potential activity of the mineral. Soil layer activity data indicated that native activity was higher in organic soils as compared with mineral. The organic layer potential activity was ten-fold greater than the native, suggesting substrate limitation; potential and native activities did not differ in the mineral layer, indicating substrate sufficiency. Casein addition changed the kinetic pattern for both layers from hyperbolic to sigmoidal for the mineral and linear for the organic, implying different enzyme pools or behavioral changes of existing pools. Native activity based on total soluble protein was higher for the mineral samples relative to the organic, reiterating substrate
Nitrogen mineralization was determined on Arctic LTERToolik and Sag River tussock tundra using the buried bag method, Toolik Field Station, Alaska, Arctic LTER 1989-2013.
Nitrogen mineralization was determined on LTER and Sag River tussock tundra using the buried bag method. Yearly bags have been deployed every August since 1990.
Mineral soil moisture and temperature data from unburned stands used in the effects of variations in post-fire organic layer thickness studies in the Delta Junction region, 1995-2003
This database contains measurements of mineral soil temperature and moisture collected in unburned stands as part of an analysis of variations in the depths of surface organic layers found in burned and unburned black spruce stands, and the effects of variations in depth of burning on soil temperature and moisture, and organic layer carbon stocks. Data for the overall study were collected between 1995 and 2003 by Eric Kasischke (University of Maryland), Kathy O'Neill (Duke University), and Jill Johnstone (University of Alaska Fairbanks). Sites were located in burned black spruce stands within the perimeters of three recent fires (1987, 1994, and 1999), unburned black spruce stands adjacent to the burned stands, and within one black spruce stand that burned in 1956. The three fires were: (a) the 1987 Granite Creek fire located 15 km to the east of Delta Junction, Alaska USA, bordering the Alaska Highway on the North and Jarvis Creek on the south; the 1994 Hajdukovich Creek fire located 45 km southeast of Delta Junction Alaska, USA, bordering the Alaska Highway to the North and the Gerstle River to the West, and the 1999 Donnelly Flats fire, located 8 km south of Delta Junction, bordering Jarvis Creek to the east and the Richardson Highway on the west. Data that were collected and are in databases associated with this project include:; (1) organic layer depths in burned stands; (2) organic layer depths in unburned stands; (3) basal diameters of overstory trees in unburned stands and distance measures that can be used to estimate stand density; (4) mineral soil temperature and moisture data in burned stands; (5) mineral soil temperature and moisture data in unburned stands; and (6) bulk density and percent carbon data from different organic layers in unburned stands.
Mineral soil moisture and temperature data from burned stands used in the effects of variations in post-fire organic layer thickness studies in the Delta Junction region, 1995-2003
This database contains measurements of mineral soil temperature and moisture collected in burned stands as part of an analysis of variations in the depths of surface organic layers found in burned and unburned black spruce stands, and the effects of variations in depth of burning on soil temperature and moisture, and organic layer carbon stocks. Data for the overall study were collected between 1995 and 2003 by Eric Kasischke (University of Maryland), Kathy O?Neill (Duke University), and Jill Johnstone (University of Alaska Fairbanks). Sites were located in burned black spruce stands within the perimeters of three recent fires (1987, 1994, and 1999), unburned black spruce stands adjacent to the burned stands, and within one black spruce stand that burned in 1956. The three fires were: (a) the 1987 Granite Creek fire located 15 km to the east of Delta Junction, Alaska USA, bordering the Alaska Highway on the North and Jarvis Creek on the south; the 1994 Hajdukovich Creek fire located 45 km southeast of Delta Junction Alaska, USA, bordering the Alaska Highway to the North and the Gerstle River to the West, and the 1999 Donnelly Flats fire, located 8 km south of Delta Junction, bordering Jarvis Creek to the east and the Richardson Highway on the west. Data that were collected and are in databases associated with this project include: (1) organic layer depths in burned stands; (2) organic layer depths in unburned stands; (3) basal diameters of overstory trees in unburned stands and distance measures that can be used to estimate stand density; (4) mineral soil temperature and moisture data in burned stands; (5) mineral soil temperature and moisture data in unburned stands; and (6) bulk density and percent carbon data from different organic layers in unburned stands.
Soil nitrogen and carbon from organic and mineral soil of 32 mature black spruce sites across interior Alaska (Sampled 2001)
Soil nitrogen and carbon was collected at 33 sites as part of a bigger study looking at the structure and function of black spruce stands in interior Alaska. These variables can be compared to any of the environmental site descriptions, GPS coordinates, soil characteristics, physical site characteristics, stand and structural characteristics, active layer, collected in the summers of 2000, 2001 for these sites
Long term consequences of aspen leaf miner outbreak for plant performance
This dataset represents the results of experimental suppression of herbivory by the aspen leaf miner, Phyllocnistis populiella, over a period of seven years, between 2005 and 2012. There were two study sites, one at Bonanza Creek LTER and the other near the summit of Ester Dome. Reported here are mortality, die-back, and initial and final sizes of aspen ramets.
Consequences of aspen leaf miner outbreak for plant performance
This dataset represents the results of experimental suppression of herbivory by the aspen leaf miner, Phyllocnistis populiella, over a period of three years, 2005 to 2007. There were two study sites, one at Bonanza Creek LTER and the other near the summit of Ester Dome. Reported here are herbivory and growth of aspen ramets.
Near-total element concentration for mineral soils (0-10 cm) collected in 2012 at Murphy Dome study site
This file contains near-total element digestion for mineral soils (0-10 cm) for black spruce and Alaska paper birch forest in the Murphy Dome fire scar near Fairbanks, AK. All information was collected in summer 2012 and subsequently processed and analyzed in the laboratory.
Interior Alaska managed sites: soil organic layer and mineral soil nutrient concentrations and additional characteristics measured one time in either summer 2012 or 2013
This dataset contains soil organic layer and mineral soil depth, C and N concentrations, and other soil characteristics collected at all managed and adjacent unmanaged study sites.
Tree ring, leaf mining, climate, and remote sensing data from aspen leaf miner survey sites: I - Basal area increment and d13C
This dataset contiains basal area increment (BAI) and d13C chronologies of 47 aspen cored in 2016 across four sites where leaf mining has been documented since 2004. Chronologies of BAI extend as far back as 1957 and up to 2015. Tree ring d13C chronologies extend from 2004-2015 and were measured on 23 trees from two fo the four sites.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.