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FIGURE 15 in The identity of the Javan Krait, Bungarus javanicus Kopstein, 1932 (Squamata: Elapidae): evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence analyses and morphology
FIGURE 15. The most frequently encountered colour morph of "black" Bungarus candidus on Java represented by an adult male (UK BX3) from near Losarang (Kabupaten Indramayu, West Java, Indonesia). Photo by Ulrich Kuch.
FIGURE 13 in The identity of the Javan Krait, Bungarus javanicus Kopstein, 1932 (Squamata: Elapidae): evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence analyses and morphology
FIGURE 13. Adult female Bungarus candidus (UK B34) from the area of Losarang (Kabupaten Indramayu, West Java, Indonesia) with reduced black bands on the anterior body and mosaic-like dark stippling on the posterior body and tail. Photo by Ulrich Kuch.
FIGURE 11 in The identity of the Javan Krait, Bungarus javanicus Kopstein, 1932 (Squamata: Elapidae): evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence analyses and morphology
FIGURE 11. Adult male Bungarus candidus (UK B38) from the area of Losarang (Kabupaten Indramayu, West Java, Indonesia) with reduced black bands on the posterior half of the body. Photo by Ulrich Kuch.
FIGURE 14 in The identity of the Javan Krait, Bungarus javanicus Kopstein, 1932 (Squamata: Elapidae): evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence analyses and morphology
FIGURE 14. Adult male Bungarus candidus (UK B35) from the area of Losarang (Kabupaten Indramayu, West Java, Indonesia) with reduced bands on the posterior body and heavy pigmentation of all light interspaces and ventrolateral areas (opaque colouration is due to imminent shedding). Photo by Ulrich Kuch.
FIGURE 10 in The identity of the Javan Krait, Bungarus javanicus Kopstein, 1932 (Squamata: Elapidae): evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence analyses and morphology
FIGURE 10. Regularly black-and-white banded juvenile Bungarus candidus from Desa Songgon, about 20 km SW of Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia. Note the characteristic light head pattern of juvenile specimens. Photo by Andrea Glässer-Trobisch and Dietmar Trobisch.
FIGURE 9 in The identity of the Javan Krait, Bungarus javanicus Kopstein, 1932 (Squamata: Elapidae): evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence analyses and morphology
FIGURE 9. Black juvenile Bungarus candidus (ZMB 57702) from Banjar Berawa, Desa Canggu, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Photo by Frank Tillack.
FIGURE 8 in The identity of the Javan Krait, Bungarus javanicus Kopstein, 1932 (Squamata: Elapidae): evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence analyses and morphology
FIGURE 8. Ventral view of the partially leucistic juvenile Bungarus candidus (UK 96-1) from Linggarjati. Photo by Ulrich Kuch.
FIGURE 7 in The identity of the Javan Krait, Bungarus javanicus Kopstein, 1932 (Squamata: Elapidae): evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence analyses and morphology
FIGURE 7. Juvenile Bungarus candidus (UK 96-1) from Linggarjati (Kabupaten Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia; 400– 500 m above sea level) with white snout, reduced black bands on anterior body, and white dorsals with dark tips on the rest of the body. Photo by Ulrich Kuch.
FIGURE 6 in The identity of the Javan Krait, Bungarus javanicus Kopstein, 1932 (Squamata: Elapidae): evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence analyses and morphology
FIGURE 6. Contour map of Java and Madura (Bali, adjacent to the east, not shown). Capital letters indicate collecting areas: A, Losarang (near Indramayu); B, area of the type locality of Bungarus javanicus (near Mt. Ciremai, e.g., Linggarjati); C, Purwokerto basin; D, coastal plain near Cilacap. Dots and circles, respectively, mark collecting localities of additional examined specimens and literature records of black-and-white banded Bungarus candidus.
FIGURE 5 in The identity of the Javan Krait, Bungarus javanicus Kopstein, 1932 (Squamata: Elapidae): evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence analyses and morphology
FIGURE 5. Black adult female Bungarus candidus (SMF 76271) from Linggarjati (Kabupaten Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia; 400–500 m above sea level). The colour pattern of this snake closely resembles that of the type specimen of Bungarus javanicus. Photo by Ulrich Kuch.
FIGURE 4 in The identity of the Javan Krait, Bungarus javanicus Kopstein, 1932 (Squamata: Elapidae): evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence analyses and morphology
FIGURE 4. Kopstein's (1936) third specimen of Bungarus javanicus, the 'intermediary' snake from Linggarjati (ZRC 2.4379). Photo by Ulrich Kuch.
FIGURE 1 in The identity of the Javan Krait, Bungarus javanicus Kopstein, 1932 (Squamata: Elapidae): evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence analyses and morphology
FIGURE 1. Line drawing of the type specimen of Bungarus javanicus. From the original description (Kopstein 1932).
FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic results. A, Maximum likelihood tree from COI dataset rooted with Ophelia limacina. B, Maximum likelihood tree from ITS1 in Validation of three sympatric Thoracophelia species (Annelida: Opheliidae) from Dillon Beach, California using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data
FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic results. A, Maximum likelihood tree from COI dataset rooted with Ophelia limacina. B, Maximum likelihood tree from ITS1 dataset rooted according to the result for the COI dataset. Support values are shown as jackknife from parsimony analysis and bootstrap from maximum likelihood respectively separated by /. * indicates 100% values for each support measure.
FIGURE 1. The three sympatric Thoracophelia spp. from Dillon Beach. A, Thoracophelia dillonensis. B in Validation of three sympatric Thoracophelia species (Annelida: Opheliidae) from Dillon Beach, California using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data
FIGURE 1. The three sympatric Thoracophelia spp. from Dillon Beach. A, Thoracophelia dillonensis. B, Pectinate branchiae of T. dillonensis. C, Thoracophelia williamsi. D, Bifurcated branchiae with pinnules of T. williamsi. E, Thoracophelia mucronata. F, Bifurcated branchiae of T. mucronata. Scale bars all 1 mm.
Fig. 3 in Genetic variation in the spotted seal (Phoca largha Pallas, 1811) from the Rimsky-Korsakov Archipelago (Peter the Great Bay, western sea of Japan) as inferred from mitochondrial DNA control region sequences
Fig. 3. Consensus maximum likelihood tree demonstrating the matrilineal genealogy of some Phocidae species generated from the 460 bp mtDNA control region sequences. The numbers at branch nodes represent bootstrap support of 1000 replications for the maximum likelihood trees and posterior probabilities of 2,000,000 generations for the Bayesian trees with the same topology, respectively. The accession numbers of Phoca largha from Liaodong Bay are highlighted in bold. Scale bar indicates the relative branch lengths.
Fig. 2 in Genetic variation in the spotted seal (Phoca largha Pallas, 1811) from the Rimsky-Korsakov Archipelago (Peter the Great Bay, western sea of Japan) as inferred from mitochondrial DNA control region sequences
Fig. 2. Minimum spanning network showing the mutational relationships among Phoca largha haplotypes detected in a sample of 32 spotted seal underyearlings. The tick marks on the branches indicate mutational changes. The circle sizes correspond to the number of haplotypes. The haplotypes of groups (A) and (B) are shown in gray and white circles, respectively. The median vectors are indicated by dark dots.
A method to investigate Pathological Variant load of Mitochondrial DNA in single human Mesenchyma stem cells
<p>Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the parent cells to many cells of the musculoskeletal system including osteoblasts. Previous work has shown that in mouse models mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) pathological variants lead to dysfunction of the respiratory chain of these osteoblasts and the premature development of age related osteoporosis. An increased rate of respiratory chain deficiency has also been observed in human osteoblasts. mtDNA mutates at an enhanced rate compared to nuclear DNA and has been linked to the ageing process in humans. </p> <p>We have developed and optimised an experimental pipeline to isolate single MSCs using flow cytometry before performing next generation sequencing to analyse the pathogenic variant load of 13 patients aged 22-88 to assess if pathogenic variants exist in mesenchymal stem cells and if there are age related changes.</p> <p>Across all patients and all cells mtDNA pathological variants were present at similarly low levels. As per previous studies we found increased pathogenic variants within the mtDNA control region (D-Loop). However overall, there was no significant difference in the distribution of variants across the rest of the genome in all patients. Although a higher proportion of non-synonymous variants were seen this was not statistically significant.</p> <p>We have shown that it is possible to isolate and sequence individual MSCs and observe mtDNA pathological variants. This gives a snapshot in time of the variant load for each patient. Due to low sample numbers compared to other studies investigate mtDNA in other cell types, we did not observe any age related increase in pathological variants. However this adds further evidence that clonally expanded, somatic mtDNA variants are common and could contribute to age related disease including osteoporosis.</p>
SSCS and DCS fastq data for ALR conplastic mice mitochondrial DNA profiling
<p>The SSCS and DCS fq files for ALR conplastic mice associated with https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10127101 repo. </p>
SSCS and DCS fastq data for B6 (wildtype) conplastic mice mitochondrial DNA profiling
<p>The SSCS and DCS fq files for B6 (wildtype) mice associated with https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10127101 repo. </p>
SSCS and DCS fastq data for FVB conplastic mice mitochondrial DNA profiling
<p>The SSCS and DCS fq files for FVB conplastic mice associated with https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10127101 repo. </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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