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769 results for “Mosaic”
A geographic mosaic of coevolution between Eurosta solidaginis (Fitch) and its host plant tall goldenrod Solidago altissima (L.)
<p>A geographic mosaic of coevolution has produced local reciprocal adaptation in tall goldenrod, <i>Solidago altissima</i> (L.), and the goldenrod ball gall fly, <i>Eurosta solidaginis</i> (Fitch 1855). The fly is selected to induce gall diameters that minimize mortality from natural enemies, and the plant is selected to limit gall growth that reduces plant fitness. We conducted a double reciprocal transplant experiment where <i>S. altissima</i> and <i>E. solidaginis</i> from three sites were grown in gardens at each site to partition the gall morphology variation into fly genotype, plant genotype, and the environment components. The host plant gall diameter induced by each <i>E. solidaginis</i> population was adapted to inhibit local natural enemies from ovipositing on or consuming enclosed larvae. Reciprocally, increasing the gall size induced by the local fly population increased the resistance of the local plant host population to gall growth. Differences among sites in natural enemies produced a mosaic of hotspots of coevolutionary arms races between flies selecting for greater gall diameter and plants for smaller diameters, and coldspots where there is no selection on plant or fly for a change in gall diameter. In contrast, the geographic variations of gall length and gall shape were not due to coevolutionary interactions.</p>
Seasonal surface reflectance mosaics of Blackhawk Island, Wisconsin May-October 2018
<p>This dataset contains high-resolution hyperspectral surface reflectance mosaics collected over Blackhawk Island, Wisconsin, USA. Images were collected at eight dates during the 2018 growing season (May – October) using a VNIR-SWIR (400–2400nm) HySpex airborne imaging system at 1m spatial resolution.</p>
Simulation of Moisture intrusions into the Arctic: New insights from a mid-April 2020 case during MOSAiC
<p>This dataset contains the model configuration files and selected output data of the large-eddy simulation experiments as described in the publication "<em>Moisture intrusions into the Arctic: New insights from a mid-April 2020 case during MOSAiC</em>" being submitted to <em>Frontiers in Earth Science (Section Atmospheric Science)</em> </p>
Wildfire disturbance reveals evidence of ecosystem resilience and precariousness in a forest-grassland mosaic
<p>Forest and grassland ecosystems are sometimes located adjacently within the same climate. In interior British Columbia, Canada, there are complex forest-grassland mosaics within the Interior Douglas-fir biogeoclimatic zone. Historically, both grassland and forest ecosystems experienced high-frequency, low-severity fire regimes. Since European settlement and introduction of livestock grazing and fire exclusion, trees have encroached on grasslands, and tree densities in forests have increased. In this study, we characterize plant communities and near-surface soil moisture in forest and grassland sites, and in historical grassland sites affected by tree encroachment. We hypothesized that spatial and temporal patterns of near-surface soil moisture are reflected in above-ground plant community composition and structure. After initial sampling of soil moisture and plant communities, the study area was burned in a wildfire. Applying a multifactorial approach to comparing adjacent grassland and forest sites, we treated the wildfire event as a natural experiment, sampling post-wildfire plant species composition and soil moisture, and measuring the severity and spatial heterogeneity of surface burn conditions. Evidence supports the concept of mutually exclusive fire-reinforced bi-stable grassland and forest states, with greater spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture and burn severity in forests, and highly uniform patterns of soil moisture, vegetation, and burn severity in grasslands. Areas of forest encroachment on grasslands had understory plant communities dominated by exotic species, while restored grasslands had native bunchgrass cover like typical grasslands of the region. Additionally, there was post-wildfire divergence of forest- and grassland- associated plant communities. Viewed through a resilience theory conceptual framework, we suggest that ecosystem legacies are reinforcing post-wildfire ecosystem identity and associated native plant communities. External factors - particularly past heavy livestock grazing and fire suppression - have caused ecosystem precariousness that can be addressed with management actions.</p>
Swift BAT Mosaic Pattern Noise Maps
<p>This dataset is the noise pattern maps that are needed to analyze Swift BAT data and produce "time integrated" mosaic images using the <a href="https://github.com/parsotat/BatAnalysis">BatAnalysis</a> python package. </p> <p>The file can be untarred and placed into a directory accessible by python such that these files can be used in the analysis of BAT data. </p> <p>These pattern maps are from 2004 day 350 (2004-12-15) to 2019 day 212 (2019-07-31). </p>
Preliminary data of drifting snow mass flux from the lower SPC at MOSAiC (2020-01-26 to 2020-02-04) for the submitted paper "Towards a fully physical representation of snow on Arctic sea ice using a 3D snow-atmosphere model"
<p>Preliminary data of lower SPC massflux from MOSAiC, for the time period 2020-01-26 -- 2020-02-04.</p> <p>1-h averaged time series of mass flux (kg/m²/h) to compare with the ALPINE3D simulation results.</p> <p>Will soon be replaced with a DOI / Repositiry at the Arctic Data Centre from BAS.</p>
Agronomic and quality impact of a shortened translocation for wheat streak mosaic virus resistance
<p class="H1"><em><span>Wheat streak mosaic virus</span></em><span> (WSMV) </span><span>is a mite-vectored virus with substantial economic impact on wheat production. One of the effective sources of resistance to WSMV, <em>Wsm1</em>, is carried on a translocation from <em>Thinopyrum intermedium. </em>The original whole arm form of this translocation (T4DL·4J<sup>s</sup>S) was highly effective against WSMV but carried a substantial yield penalty in the absence of the virus. Shorter recombinants of the <em>Th. intermedium </em>translocation are now available. This study characterized the agronomic performance of near-isogenic sib-pair families in ten yield trials using one of these shortened T4DL·4DS-4J<sup>s</sup>S translocations, named 'rec213', in the absence of visible disease. This translocation had no effect on heading date, was associated with a modest reduction (≤ 4.8 cm) in plant height, and the translocation had a favorable effect (≤ 12.6%) on grain yield in those environments where highly significant genotype effects were detected. The translocation did not affect protein concentration or lactic acid-sodium dodecyl sulfate solvent retention capacity, a measure of gluten quality. However, families with the translocation had slightly (≤ 5%) lower protein quality scores than paired families without the translocation. We do not expect this modest difference in quality to be a barrier to utilization of the rec213 translocation for <em>Wsm1</em>, but we encourage breeders to work within high quality genetic backgrounds in when using the rec213 translocation, and to monitor the quality of breeding selections. Improved codominant PCR-based marker assays were developed to facilitate the use of the rec213 <em>Wsm1 </em>trait in breeding programs.</span></p>
Data for: Plasmodesmal endoplasmic reticulum proteins regulate intercellular trafficking of Cucumber mosaic virus in Arabidopsis
<p>Plasmodesmata (PD) are plasma membrane (PM)-lined cytoplasmic nanochannels that mediate in cell-to-cell communication across the cell wall. A range of proteins are embedded in the PD PM and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and function in regulating PD-mediated symplasmic trafficking. However, knowledge of the nature and function of the ER-embedded proteins, in the intercellular movement of non-cell-autonomous proteins, is limited. Here, we report the functional characterization of two ER luminal proteins, AtBiP1/2, and two ER integral membrane proteins, AtERdj2A/B, which are located within the PD. These PD proteins were identified as interacting proteins with <em>Cucumber mosaic virus </em>(CMV) movement protein (MP) in coimmunoprecipitation studies, using an Arabidopsis-derived plasmodesmal-enriched cell wall protein preparation (PECP). The AtBiP1/2 PD location was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy-based immunolocalization, and their AtBiP1/2 signal peptides (SPs) function in PD targeting. <em>In vitro</em>/<em>in vivo</em> pull-down assays revealed the association between AtBiP1/2 and CMV MP, mediated by AtERdj2A, through the formation of an AtBiP1/2-AtERdj2-CMV MP complex within PD. The role of this complex in CMV infection was established, as systemic infection was retarded in <em>bip1</em>/<em>bip2w</em> and <em>erdj2b</em> mutants. Our findings provide a model for a mechanism by which the CMV MP mediates in cell-to-cell trafficking of its viral ribonucleoprotein complex.</p>
Attitude Corrected Broadband Radiation and LibRadtran Simulation data based on helicopter-borne observations during MOSAiC
<p>This data set includes broadband radiation measurements after attitude correction of 14 research flights during MOSAiC.<br> In total 12 helicopter and 2 HELiPOD flights. Supportive data includes relative azimuth to sun position to identify shading effects on the CMP22 pyranometer installed.<br> Furthermore, libRadtran simulations are provided to validate cloudfree flights or flightsections.<br> In connection with surface type classifications (e.g. Sperzel, Tim R; Jäkel, Evelyn; Lampert, Astrid; Birnbaum, Gerit; Pätzold, Falk; Neckel, Niklas; Rosenburg, Sophie; Fuchs, Niels; Wendisch, Manfred (2023): Surface type classifications from helicopter-borne imagery during the MOSAiC expedition. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.958997) multiple linear regression can be applied as described by Sperzel, T. R. Codes for: Surface Albedo Measurements and Surface Type Classification from Helicopter-based Observa371<br> tions during MOSAiC, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7974021 (2023), which results in albedo values per fraction (e.g. Sperzel, Tim R; Jäkel, Evelyn; Lampert, Astrid; Birnbaum, Gerit; Pätzold, Falk; Neckel, Niklas; Rosenburg, Sophie; Fuchs, Niels; Wendisch, Manfred (2023): Helicopter-borne solar broadband irradiance measurements from the MOSAiC expedition. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.958999).<br> Radiation data file names start with "BBR_<date>", simulation file names with "BBR_fdn_clear".</p>
Data from: A mosaic of endogenous and plant-derived courtship signals in moths
<p>Insects rely on olfaction to guide a wide range of adaptive behaviors, including mate- and food-localization, mate choice, oviposition site selection, kin recognition and predator avoidance. In nocturnal insects, such as moths and cockroaches, mate finding is stimulated predominantly by long-range species-specific sex pheromones, typically emitted by females. During courtship, at close-range, males in most moth species emit a blend of pheromone compounds from an everted, often large, pheromone gland. While long-distance communication with sex pheromones has been remarkably well characterized in thousands of moth species, close-range chemosensory sexual communication remains poorly understood. We reveal that in the moth <em>Chloridea virescens</em>, the male pheromone consists of three distinct classes of compounds: de novo biosynthesized alcohols, aldehydes, acetates and carboxylic acids that resemble the female's emissions, and newly identified compounds that are unique to the male pheromone: aliphatic polyunsaturated hydrocarbons and sequestered plant secondary compounds and hormone derivatives, including methyl salicylate (MeSA). Thus, males employ a mosaic pheromone blend of disparate origins that may serve multiple functions during courtship. We show that two olfactory receptors in female antennae are tuned to MeSA, which facilitates female acceptance of the male. Because MeSA is emitted by plants attacked by pathogens and herbivores, the chemosensory system of female moths was likely already tuned to this plant volatile, and males appear to exploit the female's preadapted sensory bias. Interestingly, while female moths (largely nocturnal) and butterflies (diurnal) diverged in their use of sensory modalities in sexual communication, MeSA is used by males of both lineages.</p>
Data for "Mixed viral infection constrains the genome formula of multipartite cucumber mosaic virus"
<p>We performed a study to assess the effect of mixed infection on the genome formula of multipartite virus CMV. We used qPCR to determine genome formulas and titer. Additionally, simulation models were developed to describe mechanisms for genome formula change under mixed infection. </p>
Coursing the mottled mosaic: generalist predators track pulses in availability of neonatal ungulates
<p>The density and distribution of resources shape animal movement and behavior and have direct implications for population dynamics. Resource availability often is "pulsed" in space and time, and individuals should cue in on resource pulses when the energetic gain of doing so exceeds that of stable resources. Birth pulses of prey represent a profitable but ephemeral resource and should thereby result in shifting functional responses by predators. We evaluated movements and resource selection of coyotes (<em>Canis</em> <em>latrans</em>) across a gradient of reproductive stages ranging from late gestation to peak lactation of female mule deer (<em>Odocoileus</em> <em>hemionus</em>) in southwest Wyoming, USA to test whether coyotes exhibited shifts in selection and movement behavior relative to the availability and vulnerability of neonatal mule deer. We expected coyotes to track pulses in availability of neonatal mule deer, and such behavior would be represented by shifts in resource selection and search behavior of coyotes that would be strongest during peak parturition of mule deer. Coyotes selected areas of high relative probability of use by female mule deer and did so most strongly during peak parturition. Further, searching behavior of coyotes intensified during pulses of availability of deer neonates. Our findings support the notion that coyotes exploit pulses of neonatal deer, presumably as an attempt to capitalize on a vulnerable, energy-rich resource. Our work quantifies the behavioral mechanisms by which coyotes consume ungulate neonates and provides one of the first examples of a mammalian predator-prey system centered on a pulsed resource. </p>
Endmember spectra and classified mosaics derived from CRISM mapping data at the south pole of Mars
<p><strong>Overview</strong></p> <p>Multispectral mapping data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) provide a unique opportunity to characterize south polar ice deposits at higher spectral sampling, spatial resolution, or spatiotemporal coverage than previous work. This new perspective can help to constrain the nature and distribution of different mixtures of CO<sub>2</sub> ice, H<sub>2</sub>O ice, and dust that influence the formation, evolution, and preservation of Mars climate records. We processed 1103 CRISM observations spanning southern summer of six Mars Years through a combination of <em>k</em>-means clustering and random forest classification. Using a set of 12 spectral endmembers directly tied to previous work with high-resolution CRISM targeted data, we made a series of temporally restricted mosaics showing surface spectral variation over time. The endmember set and classified mosaics produced in this work can provide critical context for future studies of the dynamic processes that shape south polar ice deposits.</p> <p>This is follow-on work to a previous study that produced a series of classified maps and a spectral library from CRISM targeted data. That work can be accessed with the following links:</p> <ul> <li>Publication: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JE007372">https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JE007372</a></li> <li>Repository: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6960943">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6960943</a></li> </ul> <p><strong>Contents</strong></p> <p>The repository contains two .zip files, which can be expanded to access the files described below:</p> <ul> <li><strong>classified_mosaics.zip</strong> <ul> <li>lookup_files <ul> <li><em>SP_CRISM_RF_ColorMap.clr</em> : An ESRI-formatted color map file that can be used to apply the endmember color scheme to random forest-classified maps in ArcGIS (see Symbology settings). Note that for continuity with <em>Cartwright (2022),</em> there are 21 colors in this file, though only endmembers associated with 12 of those colors are present in the classified mosaics.</li> <li><em>SP_CRISM_RF_ColorMap.txt</em> : A text file that can be loaded into Python as a numpy array and used to generate a matplotlib color ramp. Row indices correspond to endmember numbers (see below) and columns are red, green, and blue values scaled from 0 to 1. Note that for continuity with <em>Cartwright (2022),</em> there are 21 colors in this file, though only endmembers associated with 12 of those colors are present in the classified mosaics.</li> <li><em>SP_CRISM_RF_Mapping_Endmember_Lookup.csv</em> : A lookup table that can be used to cross-reference between endmember numbers (as stored in GeoTiffs or the indices of the colormaps above) and corresponding endmember names (C1m, Dc3m, etc.). Note that for continuity with <em>Cartwright (2022),</em> the endmember numbers are not sequential and instead correspond to the number of the original reference spectrum (e.g., C1m in this work has the same endmember number as C1 in <em>Cartwright (2022)</em>).</li> </ul> </li> <li>random_forest_classification <ul> <li>Contains GeoTiff mosaics of random forest classification results. Mosaics compile all observations falling in 10º bins of solar longitude (Ls) for a given year, provided that data was acquired in that range. Classified observations are stacked in ascending order of Ls. Mosaics of MSW data have a resolution of ~90 m/pixel while mosaics of MSP or combined MSP and MSW data have a resolution of ~180 m/pixel. Filenames indicate the observation type ("MSP", "MSW", or combined "MSP-MSW"), Mars Year ("MY28", "MY29", etc.) and Ls range ("Ls300-310" indicates all observations acquired between Ls 300º and Ls 310º). These images are not rendered to display colors consistent with the publication figures, but instead store the endmember classification for each pixel as a number from 0 to 21; use the contents of <em>lookup_files</em> to find the corresponding endmember name or render the image with the color scheme from the publication. To view rendered summary plots of each observation, see the contents of <em>summary_plots </em>below.</li> </ul> </li> <li>summary_plots <ul> <li>Contains summary plots of the endmember-classified mosaics provided in <em>random_forest_classification </em>above<em>.</em> Each plot presents the classified mosaic over a grey outline approximating the extent of high-albedo CO<sub>2</sub> ice in the south polar residual cap (SPRC). Note that the summary view focuses on the area in and around the SPRC, but the full mosaics may extend beyond these bounds. </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>spectral_library.zip</strong> <ul> <li>Contains spectral libraries with the median spectrum of each endmember as presented in Figure 3 in the publication. A basic text file listing the wavelength (WVL) and normalized reflectance values for each endmember is included (<em>SP_CRISM_MappingEndmemberMedians.txt</em>) as well as an ENVI-formatted spectral library (S<em>P_CRISM_MappingEndmemberMedians_ENVI.sli</em>). Note that a subset of the 55 wavelengths sampled in the source CRISM data were removed to avoid error-prone bands, leaving these spectral libraries with 51 bands. The spectra are normalized by the value at 1.330 µm.</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
A random mosaic, acquired from l-space
Roman Mosaic found in Somerset. Each panel tells part of a story. Unfortunately, I don't know that story. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Mosaic
A mosaic of a leaf made from the assemblage of small pieces of colored stone. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Zaqatala Mosaic
A large outdoor mosaic in central Zaqatala city. The mosaic depicts a woman picking fruit from a tree by a river with the sun behind her. The bottom of the mosaic has fallwn apart partially and cement fills in the spaces between the tiles. A match box has been discarded on the ledge underneath the mosaic. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Carranque Mosaic of Aphrodite
Mosaic with gods and mythological scenes preserved in the Roman villa of Carranque (Toledo, Spain). The residential part of the Roman villa of Carranque preserves one of the best collections of Roman mosaics in Spain. Most of the mosaics have been dated to the 4th century AD. In this case, we see Aphrodite at the center of the scene. In the corners there is the representation of Minerva, Diana and Hercules. Love scenes have been incorporated on the sides: the abduction of Hylas, Pyramus and Thisbe, the abduction of Amymone, and Neptune and Diana's bath. These mosaics decorated the "cubiculum" or bedroom. At the entrance of the room it is possible to read an inscription with the name of the owner of the villa: Materno. 3D model made in Reality Capture using 207 images. Additional processing completed in Geomagic Wrap, Zbrush, Substance Designer, and Blender. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Pompeii - VI.8.22 - Mosaic Fountain
This large mosaic fountain is built up against the back wall of a small peristyle in the Casa Della Fontana Grande (VI.8.22). It was scanned as part of the 2022 Pompeii Water and Sanitation Project field school run by the University of Missouri. The facade of the fountain is covered in lavish mosaics bordered by seashells, with a large pool in front. Two marble masks with traces of paint flank the central alcove. In the pool is a pedestal with a small statue - this statue is not original but is a copy of a statue from a neighboring house. More information and photos can be seen on Pompeii in Pictures, here: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/r6/6%2008%2022%20p3.htm The model was generated in Agisoft Metashape from 680 photos taken using a Nikon Z5. Photo alignment was run on high, model generated on medium - model has been decimated for export, and made manifold for 3D printing. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
A Study of Heterologous Vaccine Regimen of Adenovirus Serotype 26 Mosaic4 Human Immunodeficiency Virus(Ad26.Mos4.HIV), Adjuvanted Clade C gp140 and Mosaic gp140 to Prevent HIV-1 Infection Among Cis-ge
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03964415. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 9. Publications: 1.
Study of Miransertib (MK-7075) in Participants With PIK3CA-related Overgrowth Spectrum and Proteus Syndrome (MOSAIC) (MK-7075-002)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03094832. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 4. Publications: 2.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.