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FIGURE 6 in Phylogenetic position of Argentinian and Chilean endemic species of Senecio ser. Culcitium (Asteraceae) with an evolutionary analysis of morphological characters

FIGURE 6. Mapping of 'pubescence of the style branches' character in one of the most parsimonious trees derived from the MP analysis of the combined dataset. Blue color indicates style branches with a tuft of longer hairs; red color indicates apically truncate with a ring of penicillate collecting hairs without a tuft of longer hairs. Species previously included in Senecio ser. Culcitium sensu Cabrera are shaded.

FIGURE 1 in Phylogenetic position of Argentinian and Chilean endemic species of Senecio ser. Culcitium (Asteraceae) with an evolutionary analysis of morphological characters

FIGURE 1. Strict consensus of MP plastid analysis. Species previously included in Senecio ser. Culcitium sensu Cabrera are shaded. Jackknife values (GC differences) are shown associated with the branches.

FIGURE 5 in Phylogenetic position of Argentinian and Chilean endemic species of Senecio ser. Culcitium (Asteraceae) with an evolutionary analysis of morphological characters

FIGURE 5. Mapping of 'development of the calycular bracts' character in one of the most parsimonious trees derived from the MP analysis of the combined dataset. Blue color indicates developed calycular bracts; red color indicates non developed calycular bracts. Species previously included in Senecio ser. Culcitium sensu Cabrera are shaded.

FIGURE 3 in Phylogenetic position of Argentinian and Chilean endemic species of Senecio ser. Culcitium (Asteraceae) with an evolutionary analysis of morphological characters

FIGURE 3. Statistical parsimony network. Circles represent the six different haplotypes found in the Senecio group (H1-H6). Solid bars are hypothetical haplotypes. Species previously included in Senecio ser. Culcitium sensu Cabrera are shaded.

FIGURE 4 in Phylogenetic position of Argentinian and Chilean endemic species of Senecio ser. Culcitium (Asteraceae) with an evolutionary analysis of morphological characters

FIGURE 4. Mapping of 'capitula position' character in one of the most parsimonious trees derived from the MP analysis of the combined dataset. Red color indicates erect capitula; blue color indicates nodding capitula. Species previously included in Senecio ser. Culcitium sensu Cabrera are shaded.

FIGURE 2 in Phylogenetic position of Argentinian and Chilean endemic species of Senecio ser. Culcitium (Asteraceae) with an evolutionary analysis of morphological characters

FIGURE 2. Strict consensus of MP combined analysis (plastid and nuclear datasets). Species previously included in Senecio ser. Culcitium sensu Cabrera are shaded. Southern Andes includes Patagonian Andes in Argentina and Chile. Northern Andes includes the Andes of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Central Andes represent Andes of N Chile and NW Argentina. Jackknife values (GC differences) from the Parsimony analysis, Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) and Bootstrap values (BS) from Maximum Likelihood, are shown in this order associated to the branches. An asterisk indicates a branch missing from the corresponding analysis. Capital letters refer to clades discussed in the text.

FIGURE 3. Portulaca ragonesei. A in Rediscovery of a halophytic endemic and rare species of Portulaca (Portulacaceae) from central Argentina: morphology and its phylogenetic position

FIGURE 3. Portulaca ragonesei. A. Habit; B. Young sprout; C. Flower buds; D. Flower, lateral view; E. Flower, upper view; F. Stigma; G. Pixidia (one fruit complete and the others without the operculum); H. Seed. Drawn by L. Ribulgo.

FIGURE 2 in Rediscovery of a halophytic endemic and rare species of Portulaca (Portulacaceae) from central Argentina: morphology and its phylogenetic position

FIGURE 2. Morphology of Portulaca ragonesei. A. Taproot; B. Leaves; C. Buds; D. Flower, lateral view; E. Flower showing calyx; F. Flower, longitudinal section; G. Flower, upper view; H. Fruit; I. Post-dehiscent fruits. J. Seed.

FIGURE 4 in Rediscovery of a halophytic endemic and rare species of Portulaca (Portulacaceae) from central Argentina: morphology and its phylogenetic position

FIGURE 4. Evolutionary relationships of Portulaca ragonesei. Bayesian allcompat tree from analysis of a combined data matrix of ITS, ndhF, psbD-trnT spacer, and ndhA intron sequences. A black arrow shows the position of P. ragonesei in the phylogeny.

FIGURE 1 in Rediscovery of a halophytic endemic and rare species of Portulaca (Portulacaceae) from central Argentina: morphology and its phylogenetic position

FIGURE 1. Distribution map of Portulaca ragonesei. A. Cuenca Saliniana (Córdoba, Argentina). B. Halophytic bushland in Salina of Ambargasta. C. Habit of P. ragonesei.

opencc-zeroDec 2009View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: A phylogenetic and morphologic context for the radiation of an endemic fauna in a long-lived lake: Corbulidae (Bivalvia; Myoida) in the Miocene Pebas Formation of western Amazonia

The Corbulidae are one of a handful of a primarily marine bivalve clades that exhibit a remarkable radiation, marked by increased species richness and divergent morphologies, within a long-lived lake. For corbulids, this diversification occurred within the lower to middle Miocene Pebas Formation of western Amazonia. Only one taxon associated with this radiation (Anticorbula) remains extant. We conducted a series of phylogenetic analyses to characterize diversification of Corbulidae within the Pebas Formation and relate that diversification to geologically older freshwater corbulids from the Paleocene Fort Union Formation of the northern Great Plains (United States). We used these results, as well as a quantitative examination of morphospace occupation, to infer whether Pebasian corbulids represent a true species flock, and whether the lacustrine system represented by the Pebas Formation represents a cradle of, or reservoir for, freshwater corbulid diversity. We conducted two sets of phylogenetic analyses using shell morphology characters. A genus-level data set incorporated type species of freshwater corbulid genera, any Paleocene representatives of these genera, and selected brackish and marine corbulid genera. A species-level analysis added all described freshwater corbulid taxa to the genus-level matrix. Our results were highly resolved (few most-parsimonious trees), but not particularly robust (low branch support). For the genus-level matrix, we used a taxon jackknife procedure to explore the effects of taxon sampling on tree stability and topology. Jackknife results recover a subclade of freshwater taxa (including both Anticorbula and Pachydon species and the Paleocene Ostomya sp.) in 92.4% of trees, although placement of this subclade across the ingroup varies, as do the topologic positions of other freshwater species. Freshwater and marine corbulids also are morphologically distinct from each other, a factor that likely reduced the robustness of our phylogenetic results. By combining these results with paleoecologic, stratigraphic, and morphologic data, we infer that freshwater corbulids arose once within the family, prior to the Cenozoic, with three distinct freshwater lineages present at their first appearance in the late Paleocene of North America. Within the Miocene Pebas system of South America, we reconstruct supralimital morphologic evolution within three lineages as freshwater taxa became variously adapted to the fluid, dysoxic muds characterizing lake-bottom facies representative of the Pebas lacustrine system. In addition, corbulids apparently successfully coped with high predation pressures from co-occurring shellcrushing predators. Finally, we consider that freshwater Corbulidae were primarily fluvial taxa throughout their geologic history, with a relatively ephemeral radiation within the Pebasian lake system, thus making the Pebasian system a cradle of diversity for several corbulid lineages.

opennotspecifiedMay 2013View details →

FIGURE 1. Adenia barthelatii. A. Habit, scale bar 30 in Adenia barthelatii (Passifloraceae), a new endemic species of Mayotte and its phylogenetic status within the genus Adenia

FIGURE 1. Adenia barthelatii. A. Habit, scale bar 30 cm; B, C. Stem and leaves, scale bar 2 cm; D, E. ♁ flower, scale bar 4 mm; F, G.♀ flower, scale bar 4 mm; H. ♀ inflorescence and fruit, scale bar 1 cm; I. open fruit, scale bar 1 cm;. A–C, I, from Labat et al. 3291, D, E, from Barthelat et al. 1205, F, G, H from Barthelat et al. 433. Drawing by Agathe Haevermans.

opennotspecifiedMay 2013View details →

FIGURE 2 in Adenia barthelatii (Passifloraceae), a new endemic species of Mayotte and its phylogenetic status within the genus Adenia

FIGURE 2. Bayesian allcompat tree of Adenia. Clades I-V of Hearn (2006) are indicated. Node 'A' (with surrounding box) is the

opennotspecifiedFeb 2009View details →

Figure 2 in The phylogenetic position of Thermophis (Serpentes: Colubridae), an endemic snake from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China

Figure 2. Bayesian inference tree of the combined data. The values on the branches indicate posterior probability support/bootstrap support. The bolder branch represents the genus Thermophis. The letters refer to the current taxonomic assignment of the designated taxa. C, Colubrinae; CA, Calamariinae; N, Natricinae; PX, Pseudoxenodontinae; X, Xenodontinae.

opennotspecifiedFeb 2009View details →

Figure 1 in The phylogenetic position of Thermophis (Serpentes: Colubridae), an endemic snake from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China

Figure 1. Sampling sites for Thermophis bayleyi (filled circles) and Thermophis zhaoermii (open circle).

FIGURE 4 in Molecular phylogenetic reconstruction of the endemic Asian salamander family Hynobiidae (Amphibia, Caudata)

FIGURE 4. Simplified cladogram of the Hynobiidae depicting the basal split between Onychodactylus (major-group I) and all remaining hynobiids (major-group II) and the polytomy among the five major hynobiid clades (see Discussion for IIA-IIE). The polytomy is inferred based on conflicting estimates of relationships across phylogenetic optimality criteria and weak branch support in the parsimony and maximum likelihood trees.

FIGURE 3. Tree resulting from a in Molecular phylogenetic reconstruction of the endemic Asian salamander family Hynobiidae (Amphibia, Caudata)

FIGURE 3. Tree resulting from a twelve-partition maximum likelihood analysis of the combined 12S–16S and ND2–COI mtDNA genic sequence data. Species with two or more sampled individuals are numbered as in Table 1 for sample location. Filled circles on nodes represent maximum likelihood bootstrap values of ≥ 95. Numbers on branches are bootstrap values <95. Filled diamonds represent branches supported with parsimony bootstrap values ≥ 90, Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥ 0.95, and maximum likelihood bootstrap values ≥ 95.

FIGURE 1 in Molecular phylogenetic reconstruction of the endemic Asian salamander family Hynobiidae (Amphibia, Caudata)

FIGURE 1. Consensus of two equally most parsimonious trees resulting from an analysis of the combined 12S–16S and ND2–COI mtDNA genic sequence data. Species with two or more sampled individuals are numbered as in Table 1 for sample location. Filled circles on nodes represent parsimony bootstrap values of ≥ 95. Numbers above branches are bootstrap values <95. Bootstrap values <50 are not presented. Bold numbers below branches represent decay indices. Filled diamonds represent branches supported with parsimony bootstrap values ≥ 90, Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥ 0.95, and maximum likelihood bootstrap values ≥ 95.

FIGURE 2 in Molecular phylogenetic reconstruction of the endemic Asian salamander family Hynobiidae (Amphibia, Caudata)

FIGURE 2. Bayesian majority-rule consensus phylogram resulting from the posterior density of a seven-partition analysis of the combined 12S–16S and ND2–COI mtDNA genic sequence data. There was no topological difference with this tree and that derived from a three partition analysis of the data. Species with two or more sampled individuals are numbered as in Table 1 for sample location. Filled circles on nodes represent Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥ 0.95. Posterior probabilities <0.95 are indicated on their respective branches. Filled diamonds represent branches supported with parsimony bootstrap values ≥ 90, Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥ 0.95, and maximum likelihood bootstrap values ≥ 95.