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FIGURE 11 in Te rn atu s, a new spider genus from China with a cladistic analysis and comments on its phylogenetic placement (Araneae: Linyphiidae)

FIGURE 11. Character optimizations for the preferred cladogram (Matrix 1) under equal weights (L = 268, CI = 0.40, RI = 0.68). Ambiguous character changes were resolved under Farris optimization in WINCLADA. Black circles represent nonhomoplasious character changes, white circles homoplasious. Black square indicates the Ternatus clade; thicker lines indicate presence of a tegular sac (Character 10).

FIGURE 9. Ternatus siculus n in Te rn atu s, a new spider genus from China with a cladistic analysis and comments on its phylogenetic placement (Araneae: Linyphiidae)

FIGURE 9. Ternatus siculus n. sp. A–E, prosoma. A, male, lateral; B, female, lateral; C, male, frontal; D, male, dorsal, arrows indicate sulci; E, ventral; F, female chelicera, ectal; G, female chelicera and palp, frontal; H, female spinnerets.

FIGURE 10. Ternatus siculus n in Te rn atu s, a new spider genus from China with a cladistic analysis and comments on its phylogenetic placement (Araneae: Linyphiidae)

FIGURE 10. Ternatus siculus n. sp., male palp. A, prolateral; B, ventral; C, retrolateral; D, palpal tibial, dorsal; E–H, embolic division. E, ventral; F, anterior; G, anteroectal; H, distal end of embolus, arrow indicates hook on embolus apex.

FIGURE 8. Female epigynum. A–H, Ternatus malleatus n in Te rn atu s, a new spider genus from China with a cladistic analysis and comments on its phylogenetic placement (Araneae: Linyphiidae)

FIGURE 8. Female epigynum. A–H, Ternatus malleatus n. sp., A, ventral, arrow indicates opened copulatory groove; B, dorsal; C, inner, arrow indicates lateral loop of copulatory groove; D, caudal, arrow indicates opened copulatory groove. E–F, Ternatus siculus n. sp. E, caudal, arrow indicates opened copulatory groove; F, dorsal; G, inner; H, ventral.

FIGURE 7. Ternatus malleatus n in Te rn atu s, a new spider genus from China with a cladistic analysis and comments on its phylogenetic placement (Araneae: Linyphiidae)

FIGURE 7. Ternatus malleatus n. sp., male palp. A, prolateral; B, retrolateral; C, anterior; D, palpal tibia, dorsal. E–H, embolic division with distal suprategular apophysis. E, ventral, arrow indicates embolic socket; F, anterior, arrow indicates embolic socket; G, anteroectal; H, distal end of embolus, arrow indicates hook on embolus apex.

FIGURE 6. Ternatus malleatus n in Te rn atu s, a new spider genus from China with a cladistic analysis and comments on its phylogenetic placement (Araneae: Linyphiidae)

FIGURE 6. Ternatus malleatus n. sp. A–G, prosoma. A, male, lateral; B, female, lateral; C, male, dorsal, arrow indicates sulci; D, detail of A; E, female, frontal; F, detail of E (area in the box), arrow indicates dentations on chelicera; G, female chelicerae, ectal; H, male posterior lateral spinneret.

FIGURE 5. Female epigynum. A–C, Ternatus malleatus n in Te rn atu s, a new spider genus from China with a cladistic analysis and comments on its phylogenetic placement (Araneae: Linyphiidae)

FIGURE 5. Female epigynum. A–C, Ternatus malleatus n. sp. A, ventral; B, ventral, cleared, arrow indicates lateral loop of copulatory groove; C, dorsal, cleared. D–F, Ternatus siculus n. sp. D, ventral; E, ventral, cleared; F, dorsal, cleared.

FIGURE 4. Ternatus siculus n in Te rn atu s, a new spider genus from China with a cladistic analysis and comments on its phylogenetic placement (Araneae: Linyphiidae)

FIGURE 4. Ternatus siculus n. sp. A, male prosoma; B, male palp, prolateral; C, male palp, retrolateral; D, tibia of right palp, retrolateral; E, male palp with embolic division removed, ventral; F, female tracheal system; G, embolic division, anterior; H, male chelicera, ventral.

FIGURE 3. Ternatus malleatus n in Te rn atu s, a new spider genus from China with a cladistic analysis and comments on its phylogenetic placement (Araneae: Linyphiidae)

FIGURE 3. Ternatus malleatus n. sp. A, male prosoma; B, male palp, prolateral; C, male palp, retrolateral; D, tibia of right palp, retrolateral; E, male palp with embolic division removed, ventral; F, female tracheal system; G, embolic division, anterior; H, male chelicera, ventral.

FIGURE 2. Ternatus siculus n in Te rn atu s, a new spider genus from China with a cladistic analysis and comments on its phylogenetic placement (Araneae: Linyphiidae)

FIGURE 2. Ternatus siculus n. sp. A, male, dorsal; B, female, dorsal; C, male, lateral; D, female epigynum, ventral; E, male palp, retrolateral; F, male palp, prolateral.

FIGURE 1. Ternatus malleatus n in Te rn atu s, a new spider genus from China with a cladistic analysis and comments on its phylogenetic placement (Araneae: Linyphiidae)

FIGURE 1. Ternatus malleatus n. sp. A, male, dorsal; B, female, dorsal; C, male, lateral; D, female epigynum, ventral; E, male palp, retrolateral; F, male palp, prolateral.

FIGURE 27 in Hybothoracaphis, a new genus of Nipponaphidini (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Hormaphidinae) from China and its phylogenetic placement based on multiple genes

FIGURE 27. Bayesian tree showing phylogenetic relationships of sampled Nipponaphidini species. Numbers above the branches indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) values (>0.70).

FIGURE 26 in Hybothoracaphis, a new genus of Nipponaphidini (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Hormaphidinae) from China and its phylogenetic placement based on multiple genes

FIGURE 26. Maximum likelihood tree showing phylogenetic relationships of sampled Nipponaphidini species. Numbers above the branches indicate ML bootstrap values (>50%).

FIGURES 22–25 in Hybothoracaphis, a new genus of Nipponaphidini (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Hormaphidinae) from China and its phylogenetic placement based on multiple genes

FIGURES 22–25. Hybothoracaphis laevigata sp. nov. Aphid colonies on the undersides of leaves of Quercus aquifolioides: 22, 23. aphids sitting along the leaf veins; 24. apterous adults; 25. nymphs bearing a little white wax.

FIGURES 11–21 in Hybothoracaphis, a new genus of Nipponaphidini (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Hormaphidinae) from China and its phylogenetic placement based on multiple genes

FIGURES 11–21. Hybothoracaphis laevigata sp. nov. Apterous viviparous female: 11. dorsal view of body; 12. pustule clusters along central axis of dorsal prosoma and muscle attachment plates; 13. pustule cluster on anterior area of head; 14. transversely striped band on margin of prosoma; 15. thoracic spiracle surrounded by mosaic-like ornamentation; 16. antenna; 17. ultimate rostral segment; 18. siphunculus; 19. cauda; 20. anal plate; 21. genital plate. Scale bars = 0.10 mm.

FIGURES 1–10 in Hybothoracaphis, a new genus of Nipponaphidini (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Hormaphidinae) from China and its phylogenetic placement based on multiple genes

FIGURES 1–10. Hybothoracaphis laevigata sp. nov. Apterous viviparous female: 1. dorsal view of body (arrows indicate thoracic spiracles on one side of body); 2. pustule cluster on anterior area of head; 3. transversely striped band on margin of prosoma; 4. mosaic-like ornamentation on marginal vertical area of body; 5. antenna; 6. ultimate rostral segment; 7. siphunculus; 8. cauda; 9. anal plate; 10. genital plate. Scale bars = 0.10 mm.

FIGURES 13–14 in Description, DNA barcoding and phylogenetic placement of a remarkable new species of Eopelma (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) from Borneo

FIGURES 13–14. Details of phylogenetic trees showing the placement of Neanastatinae: 13, detail of a phylogenetic tree from the secondary structure alignment of stem data and E-INS-i alignment of RAAs of Munro et al. (2011), including Eopelma gibsoni; 14, detail of a phylogenetic tree from the secondary structure alignment of stem data and E-INS-i alignment of RAAs of Munro et al. (2011) excluding Eopelma gibsoni. Likelihood bootstrap support values from 1000 replicates represented at nodes.

FIGURES 10–12 in Description, DNA barcoding and phylogenetic placement of a remarkable new species of Eopelma (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) from Borneo

FIGURES 10–12. Habitus and details of an undescribed species of Brasema in the rhadinosa species-group: 10, lateral habitus; 11, head and anterior mesosoma, lateral; 12, head, frontal (the dark stripes on the scrobal depression are an artefact resulting from the reflection of the objective's edge).

FIGURES 1–9 in Description, DNA barcoding and phylogenetic placement of a remarkable new species of Eopelma (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) from Borneo

FIGURES 1–9. Habitus and details of the unique male holotype of Eopelma gibsoni: 1, lateral habitus; 2, head and mesosoma, dorsal; 3, antenna; 4, left fore wing; 5, head, frontolateral; 6, head, frontoventral, in ethanol before DNA extraction; 7, mesotarsus, lateral; 8, mesotarsus, ventral; 9, right fore wing, detail. Arrows in 6 point to the remnants of the dark stripes on the eye. The dark region on the eye in 1 and 5 are not bands of pigment but an artefact of seeing internal head structures through the lenses of the eye, rendered transparent after the proteinase K treatment.

FIGURE 47 in The spiny theridiid genus Meotipa Simon, 1895 in India, with description of a strange new species with translucent abdomen and a phylogenetic analysis about the genus placement (Araneae, Theridiidae)

FIGURE 47. Bayesian tree of theridiid spiders based on morphological characters using Mk model based on the morphological characters With posterior probability values above the branches.