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FIGURE 8. H. trabeculus. A–C in Revision of Hypoxys Amyot & Serville, 1843 stat. rest. (Heteroptera Pentatomidae)

FIGURE 8. H. trabeculus. A–C Male, pygophore; A—dorsal view; B—posterior view; C—ventral view. D—Female, genital plates. E—metasternal process (Scale = 1mm).

FIGURE 6. H. necopinatus. A–C in Revision of Hypoxys Amyot & Serville, 1843 stat. rest. (Heteroptera Pentatomidae)

FIGURE 6. H. necopinatus. A–C Male, pygophore; A—dorsal view; B—posterior view; C—ventral view. D—Female, genital plates. E—metasternal process (Scale = 1mm).

FIGURE 4. H. dolosus. A–C in Revision of Hypoxys Amyot & Serville, 1843 stat. rest. (Heteroptera Pentatomidae)

FIGURE 4. H. dolosus. A–C Male, pygophore; A—dorsal view; B—posterior view; C—ventral view. D—Female, genital plates. E—metasternal process (Scale = 1mm).

FIGURE 20. Dorsal and ventral view. H. brachyacanthus A–B in Revision of Hypoxys Amyot & Serville, 1843 stat. rest. (Heteroptera Pentatomidae)

FIGURE 20. Dorsal and ventral view. H. brachyacanthus A–B; H. infulatus C–D; H. leptacanthus E–F; H. tragelaphus G–H (Scale = 5mm).

FIGURE 18. Dorsal and ventral view. H. quadridens A–B in Revision of Hypoxys Amyot & Serville, 1843 stat. rest. (Heteroptera Pentatomidae)

FIGURE 18. Dorsal and ventral view. H. quadridens A–B; H. boerneri C–D; H. claricolor E–F; H. dolosus G–H; H. eburatulus I–J; H. necopinatus K–L (Scale = 5mm).

opennotspecifiedOct 2019View details →

Distribution. Malay Peninsula and N & SW Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak, and Brunei); probably also occurs in the rest of Borneo (Kalimantan), but this has not yet been confirmed. in Family Hipposideridae (Old World Leaf-nosed Bats)

Distribution. Malay Peninsula and N & SW Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak, and Brunei); probably also occurs in the rest of Borneo (Kalimantan), but this has not yet been confirmed.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2020View details →

Resting-state EEG recordings in 20-30-year-old and 65-75-year-old healthy humans

Raw EEG recordings of resting-state brain activity (six one minute baseline recordings, alternating eyes-closed and eyes-open for one minute each), down-sampled offline to 512 Hz using the Biosemi decimator tool and exported from BrainAnalyzer after renaming the markers. No other changes applied. BrainAnalyzer generates three files for each subject, needed to open the data in BA, EEGlab… A text header file (.vhdr) containing meta data, a text marker file (.vmrk) containing information about events in the data and a binary data file (.eeg) containing the voltage values of the EEG. For acronyms within the recordings: - the start of each eye closed segment = BegF1 (or BegRSf for a few files) - the end of each eye closed segment = EndF1 (or EndRSf for a few files)  - the start of each eye open segment = BegO1 (or BegRSo for a few files)  - the end of each eye open segment = EndO1 (or EndRSo for a few files)

opencc-by-4.0May 2020View details →

Data supplement for "Thin-Film Modeling of Resting and Moving Active Droplets"

This dataset contains the data and source files for figures 4-10, 12, and 14-20 in the following publication:  S. Trinschek, F. Stegemerten, K. John and U. Thiele "Thin-Film Modeling of Resting and Moving Active Droplets" published in 2020 in Physical Review E. Please follow the instructions given in 'Readme.txt'.

Figure 11.7 in Rex, sit: digital modeling of Tyrannosaurus rex at rest

Figure 11.7. In ascending from repose, the M. caudofemoralis longus is in stretch (-115%) and the moment arm is greatly foreshortened compared with its neutral state when standing, thus providing poor mechanical advantage.

Figure 11.3 in Rex, sit: digital modeling of Tyrannosaurus rex at rest

Figure 11.3. (A) Screen image showing the reconstruction of the trunk superimposed on a reference photograph of an assembly of casts of the Stan specimen. Background image courtesy Black Hills Institute of Geologic Research. (B) DinoMorph model shown with addition of digitized pectoral girdles (including furcula), forelimbs, and pelvic girdle, all based on Stan.

Figure 11.8 in Rex, sit: digital modeling of Tyrannosaurus rex at rest

Figure 11.8. When resting on the pubis, the forelimbs are near ground level. They are brought closer to ground level as a consequence of iniatating a standing movement from this resting pose. A modest tipping of the body, by pivoting about the curved anteroventral surface of the prepubis, would have shifted the overall COM anteriorly and returned the point of balance to between the hindfeet. In the process, the forelimbs would have been available to assist in stabilizing, if not actively contributing toward raising, the body, by pushing against the ground.

opencc-zeroJul 2020View details →

Data from: Brain states govern the spatio-temporal dynamics of resting-state functional connectivity

Previously, using simultaneous resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and photometry-based neuronal calcium recordings in the anesthetized rat, we identified blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses directly related to slow calcium waves, revealing a cortex-wide and spatially organized correlate of locally recorded neuronal activity (<a href="#_ENREF_68" title="Schwalm, 2017 #1">Schwalm et al., 2017</a>). Here, using the same techniques, we investigate two distinct cortical activity states: persistent activity, in which compartmentalized network dynamics were observed; and slow wave activity, dominated by a cortex-wide BOLD component, suggesting a strong functional coupling of inter-cortical activity. During slow wave activity we find a correlation between the occurring slow wave events and the strength of functional connectivity between different cortical areas. These findings suggest that down-up transitions of neuronal excitability can drive cortex-wide functional connectivity. This study provides further evidence that changes in functional connectivity are dependent on the brain's current state, directly linked to the generation of slow waves.

opencc-zeroOct 2020View details →

BIL&GIN sentence and rest asymmetries

This dataset has been generated from a subsample of 287 participants (150 left-handers) from the BIL&GIN database (Mazoyer et al. Neuroimage 2016, 124:1225-1231). The dataset contains age, gender, self-reported handedness and Edinburgh score, for each participant, as well as its education level. It also includes measures of FMRI task-induced BOLD-signal variations and left minus asymmetry during sentence processing minus word list in 3 conditions: production, listening and reading. These variations are measured for the whole sentence core network as well as for its hubs as defined in the SENSAAS atlas (Labache et al. Brain Structure and Function 2019, 224:859-882). Both intrahemispheric and interhemispheric measures of resting-state intrinsic connectivity in the same sets of regions are also included. Brain language hemispheric dominance pattern is given based on a multitask multimodal hierarchical classification using as entry variables:1) task-induced asymmetries (2) intrahemispheric resting-state degree connectivity and asymmetry, and 3) interhemispheric connectivity applied. Other brain lateralization patterns for sentence production only based a hemispheric functional asymmetry index (Mazoyer et al. PLoS One 2014, 9(6):e101165) and on a SVM approach (Zago et al. Human Brain Mapping 2017, 12:5871-5889) are also given. Morphometric data are included as well, including total intracranial volume, hemisperic volumes and asymmetry of grey and white matter and corpus callosum volume area at the mid-sagittal level. Scores to a cognitive battery of 11 tests adjusted for age and education level are provided as well as loadings of the first 4 principal components computed from these scores.

opencc-zeroOct 2020View details →

Data from: Resilience to changes in lake trophic state: nutrient allocation into Daphnia resting eggs

During past decades, many lakes underwent drastic human-caused changes in trophic state with strong implications for population dynamics and food web processes. We investigated the influence of trophic state on nutrient allocation into Daphnia resting eggs. The production of resting eggs is an important survival strategy, allowing Daphnia to cope with unfavorable environmental conditions. Allocation of essential nutrients into resting eggs may crucially influence embryonic development and offspring survival and thus is of great ecological and evolutionary interest. The capacity of Daphnia to adjust the allocation of nutrients into resting eggs may depend on the dietary nutrient supply, which may vary with trophic state-related changes in the phytoplankton community composition. Resting eggs were isolated from sediment cores taken from Lake Constance, a large pre-alpine lake with a distinct eutrophication and re-oligotrophication history, and analysed for elemental (carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus) and biochemical (sterols and fatty acids) nutrients. Carbon allocation into Daphnia resting eggs continuously decreased over time, irrespective of changes in trophic state. The allocation of nitrogen into Daphnia resting eggs followed the changes in trophic state, i.e. nitrogen concentrations in resting eggs increased with eutrophication and decreased again with re-oligotrophication. The allocation of phosphorus, sterols and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), into Daphnia resting eggs did not change significantly over time. Changes in trophic state strikingly influenced all trophic levels in Lake Constance. However, nutrient allocation into Daphnia resting eggs was mostly resilient to changes in lake trophic state.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2021View details →

Next-generation sequencing of DNA from resting eggs: signatures of eutrophication in a lake's sediment

Supplementary data

opencc-zeroDec 2012View details →

Data from: Male mealworm beetles increase resting metabolic rate under terminal investment

Harmful parasite infestation can cause energetically costly behavioural and immunological responses, with the potential to reduce host fitness and survival. It has been hypothesized that the energetic costs of infection cause resting metabolic rate (RMR) to increase. Furthermore, under terminal investment theory, individuals exposed to pathogens should allocate resources to current reproduction when life expectancy is reduced, instead of concentrating resources on an immune defence. In this study, we activated the immune system of Tenebrio molitor males via insertion of nylon monofilament, conducted female preference tests to estimate attractiveness of male odours and assessed RMR and mortality. We found that attractiveness of males coincided with significant down-regulation of their encapsulation response against a parasite-like intruder. Activation of the immune system increased RMR only in males with heightened odour attractiveness and that later suffered higher mortality rates. The results suggest a link between high RMR and mortality and support terminal investment theory in T. molitor.

opencc-zeroDec 2010View details →

Data from: Environmental and genetic influences on body mass and resting metabolic rates (RMR) in a natural population of weasel Mustela nivalis

Body mass (BM) and resting metabolic rates (RMR) are two inexorably linked traits strongly related to mammalian life histories. Yet, there have been no studies attempting to estimate heritable variation and covariation of BM and RMR in natural populations. We used a marker-based approach to construct a pedigree and then the 'animal model' to estimate narrow sense heritability (h^2) of these traits in a free-living population of weasels Mustela nivalis – a small carnivore characterised by a wide range of BM and extremely high RMR. The most important factors affecting BM of weasels were sex and habitat type, whereas RMR was significantly affected only by seasonal variation of this trait. All environmental factors had only small effect on estimates of additive genetic variance of both BM and RMR. The amount of additive genetic variance associated with BM and estimates of heritability were high and significant in males (h^2 = 0.61), but low and not significant in females (h^2 = 0.32), probably due to small sample size for the latter sex. The results from the two-trait model revealed significant phenotypic (r_P = 0.62) and genetic correlation (r_A = 0.89) between BM and whole body RMR. The estimate of heritability of whole body RMR (0.54) and body mass corrected RMR (0.45) were lower than estimates of heritability for BM. Both phenotypic and genetic correlations between body mass corrected RMR and BM had negative signals (r_P = -0.42 and r_A = -0.58). Our results indicate that total energy expenditures of individuals can quickly evolve through concerted changes in BM and RMR.

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

Data from: Intraspecific scaling of the resting and maximum metabolic rates of the crucian carp (Carassius auratus)

The question of how the scaling of metabolic rate with body mass (M) is achieved in animals is unresolved. Here, we tested the cell metabolism hypothesis and the organ size hypothesis by assessing the mass scaling of the resting metabolic rate (RMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), erythrocyte size, and the masses of metabolically active organs in the crucian carp (Carassius auratus). The M of the crucian carp ranged from 4.5 to 323.9 g, representing an approximately 72-fold difference. The RMR and MMR increased with M according to the allometric equations RMR = 0.212M0.776 and MMR = 0.753M0.785. The scaling exponents for RMR (br) and MMR (bm) obtained in crucian carp were close to each other. Thus, the factorial aerobic scope remained almost constant with increasing M. Although erythrocyte size was negatively correlated with both mass-specific RMR and absolute RMR adjusted to M, it and all other hematological parameters showed no significant relationship with M. These data demonstrate that the cell metabolism hypothesis does not describe metabolic scaling in the crucian carp, suggesting that erythrocyte size may not represent the general size of other cell types in this fish and the metabolic activity of cells may decrease as fish grows. The mass scaling exponents of active organs was lower than 1 while that of inactive organs was greater than 1, which suggests that the mass scaling of the RMR can be partly due to variance in the proportion of active/inactive organs in crucian carp. Furthermore, our results provide additional evidence supporting the correlation between locomotor capacity and metabolic scaling.

opencc-zeroNov 2019View details →

An emerging fungal pathogen is associated with increased resting metabolic rate and total evaporative water loss rate in a winter‐active snake

1. Energy allocation tradeoffs associated with mounting metabolically costly immune responses may serve as sublethal mechanisms by which pathogens reduce host fitness. The emergence of cutaneous fungal pathogens, which invade the skin of their host and have the potential to disturb energy and water balance, highlight the importance of host physiology in determining individual- and population-level effects of disease. 2. Snake fungal disease (SFD, ophidiomycosis), caused by the fungal pathogen Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola (Oo), is an emerging disease afflicting wild snake populations throughout eastern North America. Emaciation and dehydration are phenotypic correlates of SFD, but it is unknown if such declines in host condition occur via effects of Oo infection on host physiology (i.e., increased rates of metabolism and evaporative water loss, respectively). 3. We used flow-through respirometry to assess the energetic and hydric consequences of natural Oo infection in winter-active pygmy rattlesnakes (Sistrurus miliarius). We measured resting metabolic rate (CO2 production rate) and total evaporative water loss rate of winter-acclimatized S. miliarius as a function of SFD status and acute temperature (17, 25, and 32°C). We also used regression models characterizing individual variation in the thermal-sensitivity of resting metabolic rate to predict the theoretical effects of behavioral fever on daily resting CO2 production by free-ranging S. miliarius with SFD in winter. 4. Natural infection by Oo was associated with significant increases in resting metabolic rate (30–45%) and total evaporative water loss rate (30–40%) across all measurement temperatures. Under simulated scenarios of behavioral fever, Oo infection was predicted to increase daily resting CO2 production rate by 58–102%. 5. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the immune response to Oo infection is energetically costly and may contribute to declining host condition. Our modeling efforts combining the cumulative effects of increased immune activity and increased body temperature on metabolism represent a novel approach to quantifying the total daily energetic cost of infection in ectothermic vertebrates undergoing behavioral fever.

FIGURE 4. Pseudopenilia bathyalis, 2004. Resting eggs.A, general view. B in A new family of the order Ctenopoda (Crustacea: Cladocera) from the depths of the Black Sea

FIGURE 4. Pseudopenilia bathyalis, 2004. Resting eggs.A, general view. B, surface of outer shell. C, egg shell in the region of its crash (arrows indicate outer shell and inner membrane). D, surface prominences of outer shell. E, embryo enclosing in the inner egg membrane. F, hatching of embryo. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, E, F), 10 µm (B, C), 5 µm (D).