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Fig. 14 in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

Fig. 14. Live unvouchered adults of Ophiophagus bungarus (Schlegel, 1837) comb. nov. showing variations in colour pattern. A. Peninsular Malaysia (photo: Ahmad Khaldun Ismail). B. Java, Indonesia (photo: Nathan Rusli). C. Bali, Indonesia (photo: Shinta Sukum). D. East Malaysia (photo: P. Gowri Shankar).

Fig. 13 in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

Fig. 13. Live unvouchered adults of Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) showing variations in colour pattern. A. Mizoram, India (photo: H.T. Lalremsanga). B. China (Adam Francis). C. Thailand (photo: P. Gowri Shankar). D. Andaman Islands, India (photo: Aaron Fernandes).

Fig. 11 in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

Fig. 11. Variation in dorsal bands in adults of the four species of Ophiophagus Günther, 1864 recognised in this study. A. O. kaalinga Gowri Shankar, Das & Ganesh sp. nov. B. O. hannah (Cantor, 1836). C. O. bungarus (Schlegel, 1837) comb. nov. D. O. salvatana Gowri Shankar, Das & Wüster sp. nov.

Fig. 10 in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

Fig. 10. View of dorsum of entire body of respective type specimens of species of Ophiophagus Günther, 1864. A. Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836), neotype, ♀ (ZSI 8292). B. Ophiophagus bungarus (Schlegel, 1837) comb. nov., lectotype, ♂ (RMNH 1334). C. Ophiophagus kaalinga Gowri Shankar, Das & Ganesh sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (BNHS 3655). D. Ophiophagus salvatana Gowri Shankar, Das & Wüster sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CAS 61329).

Fig. 16 in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

Fig. 16. Live unvouchered adults of Ophiophagus salvatana Gowri Shankar, Das & Wüster sp. nov. showing colouration. A. Entire. B. Head close-up profiles, Luzon, Philippines (both photos Emerson Sy).

Linked collectors and determiners for: Reptilia collection of the Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Reptilia collection of the Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/14114ed0-213a-481e-881e-2584e7272cea">https://bionomia.net/dataset/14114ed0-213a-481e-881e-2584e7272cea</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/14114ed0-213a-481e-881e-2584e7272cea">https://gbif.org/dataset/14114ed0-213a-481e-881e-2584e7272cea</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Linked collectors and determiners for: Naturalis Biodiversity Center (NL) - Amphibia and Reptilia.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Naturalis Biodiversity Center (NL) - Amphibia and Reptilia". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/fccafd83-a934-4021-a112-4ae5fd39c14b">https://bionomia.net/dataset/fccafd83-a934-4021-a112-4ae5fd39c14b</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/fccafd83-a934-4021-a112-4ae5fd39c14b">https://gbif.org/dataset/fccafd83-a934-4021-a112-4ae5fd39c14b</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Linked collectors and determiners for: Lost and Found: Taxonomic revision of the speckled skink (Oligosoma infrapunctatum; Reptilia; Scincidae) species complex from New Zealand reveals a potential cryptic extinction, resurrection of two species, and description of three new species.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Lost and Found: Taxonomic revision of the speckled skink (Oligosoma infrapunctatum; Reptilia; Scincidae) species complex from New Zealand reveals a potential cryptic extinction, resurrection of two species, and description of three new species". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/b753c71a-aad2-4e6e-9e62-c80348c2cff2">https://bionomia.net/dataset/b753c71a-aad2-4e6e-9e62-c80348c2cff2</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/b753c71a-aad2-4e6e-9e62-c80348c2cff2">https://gbif.org/dataset/b753c71a-aad2-4e6e-9e62-c80348c2cff2</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Linked collectors and determiners for: New species of Liolaemus (Reptilia, Squamata, Liolaemini) of the Liolaemus donosobarrosi clade from northwestern Patagonia, Neuquén province, Argentina.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "New species of Liolaemus (Reptilia, Squamata, Liolaemini) of the Liolaemus donosobarrosi clade from northwestern Patagonia, Neuquén province, Argentina". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/a1243515-bed4-4768-8e44-e2d81f1bbed8">https://bionomia.net/dataset/a1243515-bed4-4768-8e44-e2d81f1bbed8</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/a1243515-bed4-4768-8e44-e2d81f1bbed8">https://gbif.org/dataset/a1243515-bed4-4768-8e44-e2d81f1bbed8</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Linked collectors and determiners for: Lizards in pinstripes: morphological and genomic evidence for two new species of scincid lizards within Ctenotus piankai Storr and C. duricola Storr (Reptilia: Scincidae) in the Australian arid zone.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Lizards in pinstripes: morphological and genomic evidence for two new species of scincid lizards within Ctenotus piankai Storr and C. duricola Storr (Reptilia: Scincidae) in the Australian arid zone". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/958ff34b-f5e0-4e8f-903f-2b4473bb69b3">https://bionomia.net/dataset/958ff34b-f5e0-4e8f-903f-2b4473bb69b3</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/958ff34b-f5e0-4e8f-903f-2b4473bb69b3">https://gbif.org/dataset/958ff34b-f5e0-4e8f-903f-2b4473bb69b3</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Linked collectors and determiners for: Description of a new species of the genus Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Nilgala Savannah forest, Uva Province of Sri Lanka.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Description of a new species of the genus Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Nilgala Savannah forest, Uva Province of Sri Lanka". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/92bd3b92-5be7-419b-ad51-301d63c4b0f1">https://bionomia.net/dataset/92bd3b92-5be7-419b-ad51-301d63c4b0f1</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/92bd3b92-5be7-419b-ad51-301d63c4b0f1">https://gbif.org/dataset/92bd3b92-5be7-419b-ad51-301d63c4b0f1</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Linked collectors and determiners for: New Zealand forest-dwelling skinks of the Oligosoma oliveri (McCann) species-complex (Reptilia: Scincidae): reinstatement of O. pachysomaticum (Robb) and an assessment of historical distribution ranges.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "New Zealand forest-dwelling skinks of the Oligosoma oliveri (McCann) species-complex (Reptilia: Scincidae): reinstatement of O. pachysomaticum (Robb) and an assessment of historical distribution ranges". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/62d23c6d-47a2-45b2-b066-f60dac27e9e1">https://bionomia.net/dataset/62d23c6d-47a2-45b2-b066-f60dac27e9e1</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/62d23c6d-47a2-45b2-b066-f60dac27e9e1">https://gbif.org/dataset/62d23c6d-47a2-45b2-b066-f60dac27e9e1</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Linked collectors and determiners for: Coleção Zoológica da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - Reptilia (ZUFMS-REP).

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Coleção Zoológica da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - Reptilia (ZUFMS-REP)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/39d7aefb-89e9-49f3-bdd8-1a114ace672e">https://bionomia.net/dataset/39d7aefb-89e9-49f3-bdd8-1a114ace672e</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/39d7aefb-89e9-49f3-bdd8-1a114ace672e">https://gbif.org/dataset/39d7aefb-89e9-49f3-bdd8-1a114ace672e</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Linked collectors and determiners for: Reptilia Collection of Museum and Institute of Zoology PAS.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Reptilia Collection of Museum and Institute of Zoology PAS". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/0faf7500-9fcd-11da-a90c-b8a03c50a862">https://bionomia.net/dataset/0faf7500-9fcd-11da-a90c-b8a03c50a862</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/0faf7500-9fcd-11da-a90c-b8a03c50a862">https://gbif.org/dataset/0faf7500-9fcd-11da-a90c-b8a03c50a862</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

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Linked collectors and determiners for: On the sand and among the crowds: a new species of Woodworthia gecko (Reptilia Diplodactylidae) from Auckland, Aotearoa / New Zealand.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "On the sand and among the crowds: a new species of Woodworthia gecko (Reptilia Diplodactylidae) from Auckland, Aotearoa / New Zealand". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/291f6104-0ef0-41a6-977c-858c8e126552">https://bionomia.net/dataset/291f6104-0ef0-41a6-977c-858c8e126552</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/291f6104-0ef0-41a6-977c-858c8e126552">https://gbif.org/dataset/291f6104-0ef0-41a6-977c-858c8e126552</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Linked collectors and determiners for: Gabon Biodiversity Collection - Reptilia.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Gabon Biodiversity Collection - Reptilia". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/7ff3e034-54a4-413a-a767-6e2eb479a563">https://bionomia.net/dataset/7ff3e034-54a4-413a-a767-6e2eb479a563</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/7ff3e034-54a4-413a-a767-6e2eb479a563">https://gbif.org/dataset/7ff3e034-54a4-413a-a767-6e2eb479a563</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Linked collectors and determiners for: Phylogenetic relationships based on morphological data and taxonomy of the genus Salvadora Baird & Girard, 1853 (Reptilia, Colubridae).

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Phylogenetic relationships based on morphological data and taxonomy of the genus Salvadora Baird & Girard, 1853 (Reptilia, Colubridae)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/d2a76db8-6bb1-4183-86ad-e1e2d792fc53">https://bionomia.net/dataset/d2a76db8-6bb1-4183-86ad-e1e2d792fc53</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/d2a76db8-6bb1-4183-86ad-e1e2d792fc53">https://gbif.org/dataset/d2a76db8-6bb1-4183-86ad-e1e2d792fc53</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Linked collectors and determiners for: A new, enigmatic species of black-eyed gecko (Reptilia: Diplodactylidae Mokopirirakau) from North Otago, New Zealand.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "A new, enigmatic species of black-eyed gecko (Reptilia: Diplodactylidae Mokopirirakau) from North Otago, New Zealand". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/41c24aa8-401c-4cd2-8fb5-7259304ba71b">https://bionomia.net/dataset/41c24aa8-401c-4cd2-8fb5-7259304ba71b</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/41c24aa8-401c-4cd2-8fb5-7259304ba71b">https://gbif.org/dataset/41c24aa8-401c-4cd2-8fb5-7259304ba71b</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Table 2 in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

<p><b>Table 2.</b> Summary of measurements (range [n], in mm) of species of <i>Ophiophagus</i> Günther, 1864 recognised in this study. See ‘Terminology for character analysis’ for details. Abbreviations: BW = Midbody diameter; ED = Eye width; EYEN = Eye to nostril distance; EYES = Eye to snout distance; FL = Fang length from base; FW = Maximum fang width; HD = Head depth; HL = Head length; HW = Head width; IORB = Interorbital width; NOD = Nostril diameter; OCCL = Occipital length; ROSL = Rostral length; ROSW = Rostral width; SVL = Snout-vent length; TL = Tail length (if entire).</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Characters</b></th><th><i>O. hannah</i> s. str.</th><th><i>O. bungarus</i> comb. nov.</th><th><i>O. kaalinga</i> sp. nov.</th><th><i>O. salvatana</i> sp. nov.</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>SVL</th><td>233.0–3276.0 (37)</td><td>330.0–3790.0 (65)</td><td>496.0–2660.0 (4)</td><td>1490.0–2565.0 (4)</td></tr><tr><th>TL</th><td>84.0–875 (37)</td><td>111.0–845.0 (61)</td><td>109.0–542.0 (3)</td><td>343.0–770.0 (4)</td></tr><tr><th>RTL range (mean)</th><td>21.7–26.4% (24.05%)</td><td>19.3–25.1% (22.20%)</td><td>18.0–19.9% (18.95%)</td><td>18.7–23.0% (20.85%)</td></tr><tr><th>BW</th><td>6.7–45.9 (55)</td><td>12.5–64.5 (36)</td><td>11.7–60.0 (4)</td><td>28.1–45.9 (3)</td></tr><tr><th>HL</th><td>13.3–79.2 (61)</td><td>16.0–76.6 (68)</td><td>50.9–74.6 (4)</td><td>36.2–70.8 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>HW</th><td>10.9–53.5 (59)</td><td>7.1–60.4 (70)</td><td>10.5–54.7 (5)</td><td>22.9–57.2 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>HD</th><td>6.6–48.4 (54)</td><td>6.7–76.0 (70)</td><td>22.8–37.2 (4)</td><td>14.8–36.7 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>ED</th><td>3.7–10.5 (57)</td><td>4.1–9.8 (73)</td><td>4.2–9.7 (5)</td><td>6.3–11.1 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>EYES</th><td>4.4–27.6 (62)</td><td>5.2–26.3 (71)</td><td>18.5–25.2 (4)</td><td>12.1–21.6 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>EYEN</th><td>1.9–14.3 (62)</td><td>2.1–13.5 (71)</td><td>2.8–11.5 (5)</td><td>5.2–9.9 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>NOD</th><td>1.2–7.3 (61)</td><td>1.0–6.9 (71)</td><td>5.8–9.5 (4)</td><td>3.1–6.4 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>ROSL</th><td>3.1–19.9 (61)</td><td>3.2–18.7 (71)</td><td>12.0–16.6 (4)</td><td>8.6–15.6 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>ROSW</th><td>1.7–9.7 (60)</td><td>2.0–8.8 (71)</td><td>6.1–8.0 (4)</td><td>4.8–7.6 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>IORB</th><td>5.9–34.2 (61)</td><td>7.5–12.3 (71)</td><td>23.4–31.8 (4)</td><td>14.8–25.9 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>OCCL</th><td>2.7–24.0 (61)</td><td>3.4–19.9 (71)</td><td>3.8–18.3 (5)</td><td>9.6–21.3 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>FL</th><td>0.10–10.10 (48)</td><td>0.13–13.60 (50)</td><td>7.10–8.50 (4)</td><td>4.50–12.00 (4)</td></tr><tr><th>FW</th><td>0.04–4.80 (45)</td><td>0.01–4.50 (50)</td><td>1.90–2.40 (4)</td><td>1.10–3.30 (4)</td></tr></tbody></table>

Table 1 in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

<p><b>Table 1.</b> Summary of morphological characters associated with species of <i>Ophiophagus</i> Günther, 1864 recognised in this study. See ‘Terminology for character analysis’ for details. Note: pale dorsal bands are sometimes absent in adult <i>O. bungarus</i> (Schlegel, 1837) comb. nov. (in images of live specimens examined), and consistently absent in adult <i>O. salvatana</i> Gowri Shankar, Das & Wüster sp. nov. Further, juveniles of the latter show pale bands (in images of three live specimens examined; no voucher specimens of juvenile <i>O. salvatana</i> were available for study).</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Characters</b></th><th><b>Statistics</b></th><th><i>O. hannah</i> s. str.</th><th><i>O. bungarus</i> comb. nov.</th><th><i>O. kaalinga</i> sp. nov.</th><th><i>O. salvatana</i> sp. nov.</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Anterior dorsal scale rows (DSR1)</th><td>Mean</td><td>18.0</td><td>18.9</td><td>19.5</td><td>18.6</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>17–19</td><td>17–21</td><td>19–21</td><td>17–19</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>15</td><td>46</td><td>4</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><th>Median dorsal scale rows (DSR2)</th><td>Mean</td><td>15.0</td><td>15.0</td><td>15.0</td><td>15.0</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>15–15</td><td>15–15</td><td>15–15</td><td>15–15</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>15</td><td>12</td><td>4</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><th>Posterior dorsal scale rows (DSR3)</th><td>Mean</td><td>13.8</td><td>14.0</td><td>15.0</td><td>15.0</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>11–15</td><td>13–15</td><td>15–15</td><td>15–15</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>13</td><td>12</td><td>4</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><th>Ventrals</th><td>Mean</td><td>244.0</td><td>250.12</td><td>247.8</td><td>251.0</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>226–267</td><td>253–268</td><td>241–251</td><td>247–256</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>49</td><td>58</td><td>4</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><th>Subcaudals</th><td>Mean</td><td>89.0</td><td>106.8</td><td>88.0</td><td>93</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>80–112</td><td>71–125</td><td>86–90</td><td>74–112</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>49</td><td>57</td><td>4</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><th>Precloacal</th><td>Mean</td><td>1.0</td><td>1.0</td><td>1.0</td><td>1.0</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>1–1</td><td>1–1</td><td>1–1</td><td>1–1</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>49</td><td>63</td><td>4</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><th>Supralabials</th><td>Mean</td><td>6.9</td><td>7.0</td><td>7.4</td><td>7.0</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>6–7</td><td>7–7</td><td>7–8</td><td>7–7</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>15</td><td>68</td><td>5</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><th>Infralabials</th><td>Mean</td><td>8.0</td><td>8.0</td><td>8.0</td><td>8.0</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>7–9</td><td>8–8</td><td>8–8</td><td>8–8</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>15</td><td>68</td><td>5</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><th>Pale body bands</th><td>Mean</td><td>39.6</td><td>72.0</td><td>35.0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>27–48</td><td>57–87</td><td>28–48</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>41</td><td>51</td><td>3</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><th>Pterygoid teeth</th><td>Mean</td><td>19.3</td><td>11</td><td>12</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>18–21</td><td>11–11</td><td>12–12</td><td>11–11</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>12</td><td>9</td><td>4</td><td>6</td></tr></tbody></table>