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234 results for “Salt marshes”
FIGURES 14, 15 in Two new species of Tryblionella W. SMITH (Bacillariaceae, Bacillariophyta) from a southern Brazil salt marsh
FIGURES 14, 15. Tryblionella confusa sp. nov. in SEM. 14. General external view. 15. General internal valve view. Scale bars = 2.5 μm.
FIGURE 1 in Two new species of Tryblionella W. SMITH (Bacillariaceae, Bacillariophyta) from a southern Brazil salt marsh
FIGURE 1. Location of sampling sites: Saco do Silveira (SS), Ilha da Pólvora (IP) and São José do Norte (SJN) in Patos Lagoon estuary, southern Brazil. Modified from Costa (1998).
Freeze-tolerance of poleward-spreading mangrove species weakened by soil properties of resident salt marsh competitor
<p class="MsoCommentText"><b>1. Background</b>: Increasing temperatures associated with climate change are shifting plant species to higher latitudes. Soil communities could aid the plants' shift into novel areas by harbouring fewer soil-borne antagonists or more mutualists that influence the fitness and stress tolerance of the shifting species. Alternatively, they could contain novel antagonists or fewer mutualists. Thus, soil communities could positively or negatively affect plant range expansion, particularly if they influence plants' responses to climate, such as freeze tolerance, that feedback to affect expansion.</p> <p class="CxSpFirst"><b>2. Methods: </b>We used the northward range expansion of the black mangrove<i>,</i> <i>Avicennia germinans</i>, into a system dominated by marsh cordgrass, <i>Spartina alterniflora</i><i>, </i>in northern Florida, USA to study how the novel soil environment (i.e., <i>S. alterniflora</i> soil) affects mangrove fitness, susceptibility to cold stress, and the colonization of mutualist fungi. We quantified abundance of root mutualistic fungi in mixed marsh-mangrove habitat and conducted a laboratory experiment to test effects of steam-sterilized and live soils from <i>A. germinans </i>and <i>S. alterniflora</i> on the growth, condition, fungal colonization, and freeze tolerance of <i>A. germinans</i> seedlings.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><b>3. Results and Conclusions:</b> In the field, we found two times higher dark septate endophyte (DSE) colonization of <i>A. germinans</i> roots and three times higher fungal spore density in <i>A. germinans</i> soil compared to <i>S. alterniflora </i>roots and soil. In the laboratory experiment, seedlings in steamed <i>S. alterniflora</i> soil treatments had 50-65% survival after freezing, compared to 0% survival in treatments with live <i>S. alterniflora</i> soil. <i>A. germinans</i> live soil mixed with <i>S. alterniflora</i> steamed soil yielded <i>A. germinans</i> roots with the highest DSE colonization and seedlings with greater shoot biomass and lower root:shoot ratios. <i>S. alterniflora</i> live soil lowered the freeze tolerance of <i>A. germinans</i>, decreased mangrove survival, and depressed DSE colonization.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><b>4. Synthesis:</b> <i>S. alterniflora </i>soil could impede <i>A. germinans</i> establishment in salt marsh communities. As climate warming gradually allows <i>A. germinans</i> to displace <i>S. alterniflora</i>, the rhizosphere could become increasingly hospitable to <i>A. germinans</i>. Our work suggests the soil community associated with resident species mediates climatic stressors to affect expansion success. </p> <p class="CxSpFirst"> </p>
Data from: Soil erodibility differs according to heritable trait variation and nutrient-induced plasticity in the salt marsh engineer Spartina alterniflora
Use of landform engineers for habitat restoration has often resulted in unanticipated outcomes. It is possible that departures from expectation arise because applications do not adequately account for the influence of heritable and non-heritable phenotypic variation on ecosystem attributes. In this study, we performed a common garden greenhouse experiment to determine whether soil shear strength—a characteristic linked to erosion resistance—varies according to heritable and plastic trait expression in Spartina alterniflora grown under contrasting nutrient regimes. We detected heritable variation across a broad spectrum of functional traits, including nutrient uptake. We also found that S. alterniflora exhibited trait-specific differences in nutrient-induced phenotypic plasticity. Heritable trait differences and plasticity together explained approximately 70% of the observed variation in soil shear strength. Soil shear strength increased when plants received more nutrients, but the influence of heritable variation on soil shear strength was equal to or larger than that of nutrient-induced plasticity. These findings illustrate that heritable and non-heritable trait expression can potentially govern the fate of marsh ecosystems, which suggests that consideration should be given to both factors when deploying landform engineers for coastal restoration.
FIGURES 24–35 in Haslea sigma (Naviculaceae, Bacillariophyta) a new sigmoid benthic species from salt marshes of Southern Brazil
FIGURES 24–35. SEM: Haslea sigma sp. nov. Figs. 24, 26–28, 32, 33. External view. Fig. 24. General view showing the outline of the valve. Fig. 26. Detail of two slits forming a wedge-like structure and detail of slightly curved terminal raphe. Fig. 27. Apice of valve showing the valve surface with straight, parallel and longitudinal strips (black arrow) separated by narrow slits (white arrow). Fig. 28. Detail of open valve showing cingulum composed by valvocopula (black arrow) and one copula (white arrow). Figs. 25, 29–31, 34, 35. Internal view. Fig. 25. General view showing the outline of the valve. Fig. 29. Valve center presenting raphe ending (black arrow), and a pseudostauros formed on primary side (ps) by one thickened virga (black arrow-head) and on secondary side (ss) by two thickened virgae (white arrow-head). Fig. 30. Center of valve showing on primary side part of accessory rib (black arrow), on secondary side the short accessory rib (white arrow) and the pseudostauros (black arrow-head). Fig. 31. Center of valve with pseudostauros, note that on primary and secondary sides the pseudostauros is formed by only one thickened virga. Figs. 32, 33. Longitudinal strips and slits, and central raphe fissures drop-like, bent to primary side. Figs. 34, 35. Apices showing helictoglossa (black arrow), quadrate areolae (white arrow) and end of accessory rib (arrow-head) on the primary side. Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs. 24, 25), 5 μm (Fig. 30), 2 μm (Fig. 27), 1 μm (Figs. 28, 29, 31–34), 0.5 μm (Figs. 26, 35).
Dietary characterization of the endangered salt marsh harvest mouse and sympatric rodents using DNA metabarcoding
<p>The salt marsh harvest mouse (<em>Reithrodontomys raviventris</em>; RERA) is an endangered species endemic to the coastal wetlands of the San Francisco Estuary, California. RERA are specialized to saline coastal wetlands, and their historical range has been severely impacted by landscape conversion and the introduction of non-native plant and rodent species. A better understanding of their diet is needed to assess habitat quality, particularly in relation to potential competitors. We investigated three questions using DNA metabarcoding with ITS2 and trnL markers: (1) Do RERA specialize on the native plant, pickleweed (<em>Salicornia pacifica</em>), (2) Do RERA consume non-native plants, and (3) What is the dietary niche breadth and overlap with three sympatric native and non-native rodents? RERA diet was dominated by two plants, native Salicornia and non-native salt bush (<em>Atriplex</em> spp.), but included 48 plant genera. RERA diet breadth was narrowest in fall, when they consumed the highest frequencies of Salicornia and Atriplex, and broadest in spring when the frequencies of these two plants were lowest. Diet breadth was slightly lower for RERA than for co-occurring species in pairwise comparisons. All four species consumed similarly high frequencies of wetland plants, but RERA consumed fewer grasses and upland plants, suggesting that it may be less suited to fragmented habitats than sympatric rodents. Diet overlap was lowest between RERA and the native California vole (<em>Microtis californicus</em>). In contrast, RERA diet overlapped substantially with the native western harvest mouse (<em>R. megalotis</em>) and non-native house mouse (<em>Mus musculus</em>), suggesting potential for competition if these species become sufficiently abundant.</p>
Data from: Consumer trait variation influences tri-trophic interactions in salt marsh communities
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Data from: Indirect human impacts reverse centuries of carbon sequestration and salt marsh accretion
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Data from: How the litter-feeding bioturbator Orchestia gammarellus promotes late successional salt marsh vegetation
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Data from: Soil erodibility differs according to heritable trait variation and nutrient-induced plasticity in the salt marsh engineer Spartina alterniflora
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Dietary characterization of the endangered salt marsh harvest mouse and sympatric rodents using DNA metabarcoding
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Are Tidal Salt Marshes Exposed to Nutrient Pollution more Vulnerable to Sea Level Rise?
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Data from: Partitioning the effects of regional, spatial and local variables on beta diversity of salt marsh arthropods in Chile
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Data from: Seasonal dynamics and changing sea level as determinants of the community and trophic structure of oribatid mites in a salt marsh of the Wadden Sea
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Data from: Multiple stressors and the potential for synergistic loss of New England salt marshes
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Data from: Early stages of sea-level rise lead to decreased salt marsh plant diversity through stronger competition in Mediterranean-climate marshes
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Freeze-tolerance of poleward-spreading mangrove species weakened by soil properties of resident salt marsh competitor
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Regional study of Melampus bidentatus lengths in northeast U.S. salt marshes.
We sampled the coffee-bean snail, Melampus bidentatus in four habitats (Spartina patens, tall/creekside S. alterniflora, stunted S. alterniflora, and transitional S. patens) in 8 marshes in the northeast U.S. , including the Plum Island Estuary. Overall, snails were larger in the stunted S. alternilfora and transitional S. patens habitats than in S. patens ones. Only 2 snails were found in the tall S. alterniflora. These data are published in Johnson and Williams 2017 (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.3291/full) and refered to as the Regional Study.
Creekbank physico-chemical data from Hog Island salt marsh chronosequence at the Virginia Coast Reserve 1995-1996
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C, N, P, and Si content in plants and environmental factors of coastal salt marshes in China
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