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FIGURES 3 a–b in Forty-seven new species of Sinopoda from Asia with a considerable extension of the distribution range to the South and description of a new species group (Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)

FIGURES 3 a–b. Sinopoda assamensis spec. nov., holotype female from Assam, copulatory organ. a Epigyne, ventral; b Vulva, dorsal.

FIGURES 6 a–b in Forty-seven new species of Sinopoda from Asia with a considerable extension of the distribution range to the South and description of a new species group (Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)

FIGURES 6 a–b. Sinopoda caeca spec. nov., holotype female from Tham Loup, copulatory organ. a Epigyne, ventral; b Vulva, dorsal.

FIGURES 21 a–d in Forty-seven new species of Sinopoda from Asia with a considerable extension of the distribution range to the South and description of a new species group (Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)

FIGURES 21 a–d. Sinopoda kieo spec. nov., holotype female from Tham Kieo, copulatory organ. a–b Epigyne (a ventral, b lateral); c Vulva, dorsal; d Schematic course of internal duct system.

FIGURES 18 a–b in Forty-seven new species of Sinopoda from Asia with a considerable extension of the distribution range to the South and description of a new species group (Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)

FIGURES 18 a–b. Sinopoda kalaw spec. nov., holotype female from Kalaw, copulatory organ. a Epigyne, ventral; b Vulva, dorsal. SB—sclerotised bulges.

FIGURES 39 a–e in Forty-seven new species of Sinopoda from Asia with a considerable extension of the distribution range to the South and description of a new species group (Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)

FIGURES 39 a–e. Sinopoda silvicola spec. nov., holotype male and paratype female from Taibaishan. a–c left male palp (a prolateral, b ventral, c retrolateral); d Epigyne, ventral; e Vulva, dorsal.

FIGURES 31 a–b in Forty-seven new species of Sinopoda from Asia with a considerable extension of the distribution range to the South and description of a new species group (Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)

FIGURES 31 a–b. Sinopoda nanphagu spec. nov., holotype female from Nanpha Gu, copulatory organ. a Epigyne, ventral; b Vulva, dorsal.

FIGURES 41 a–e in Forty-seven new species of Sinopoda from Asia with a considerable extension of the distribution range to the South and description of a new species group (Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)

FIGURES 41 a–e. Sinopoda sulawesia spec. nov., holotype male and paratype female from Sulawesi. a–c left male palp (a prolateral, b ventral, c retrolateral); d Epigyne, ventral; e Vulva, dorsal.

FIGURES 36 a–b in Forty-seven new species of Sinopoda from Asia with a considerable extension of the distribution range to the South and description of a new species group (Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)

FIGURES 36 a–b. Sinopoda rotunda spec. nov., holotype female from Lishadi Cave, copulatory organ. a Epigyne, ventral; b Vulva, dorsal.

FIGURES 35 a–b in Forty-seven new species of Sinopoda from Asia with a considerable extension of the distribution range to the South and description of a new species group (Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)

FIGURES 35 a–b. Sinopoda reinholdae spec. nov., holotype female from Matang reserve, copulatory organ. a Epigyne, ventral; b Vulva, dorsal. GA—glandular appendage.

FIGURES 56 in Taxonomic study of Sinopoda spiders from China (Araneae: Sparassidae)

FIGURES 56. Sinopoda yaanensis sp. nov., holotype male from Longcanggou National Nature Reserve. A–C Left male palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral). C—conductor, dRTA—dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis, E—embolus, EA—embolic apophysis, SP—spermophor, ST—subtegulum, T—tegulum, vRTA—ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 46 in Taxonomic study of Sinopoda spiders from China (Araneae: Sparassidae)

FIGURES 46. Sinopoda pengi Song & Zhu, 1999, from Xishan Scenic Area. A–C Left male palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral); D Epigyne, ventral; E Vulva, dorsal. AB—anterior bands, C—conductor, dRTA—dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis, E—embolus, EA—embolic apophysis, FB—fusion bubble, FD—fertilization duct, GA—glandular appendage, LL—lateral lobes, LS—lobal septum, MS—membranous sac, PP—posterior part of spermathecae, SP—spermophor, SS—slit sensillum, ST—subtegulum, T—tegulum, vRTA—ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 45 in Taxonomic study of Sinopoda spiders from China (Araneae: Sparassidae)

FIGURES 45. Sinopoda ovata sp. nov., paratype female from Jindaoxia Scenic Area. A Epigyne, ventral; B Vulva, dorsal; C–D Female habitus (C dorsal, D ventral). Scale bars: A–B 0.5 mm; C–D 2 mm.

FIGURES 40 in Taxonomic study of Sinopoda spiders from China (Araneae: Sparassidae)

FIGURES 40. Sinopoda luyui sp. nov., holotype male and paratype female from Yaodu Town. A–C Left male palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral); D Epigyne, ventral; E Vulva, dorsal. AB—anterior bands, C—conductor, dRTA—dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis, E—embolus, EA—embolic apophysis, FD—fertilization duct, GA—glandular appendage, LL—lateral lobes, LS—lobal septum, MS—membranous sac, PP—posterior part of spermathecae, SP—spermophor, SS—slit sensillum, ST—subtegulum, T—tegulum, vRTA—ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 62 in Taxonomic study of Sinopoda spiders from China (Araneae: Sparassidae)

FIGURES 62. Locality records for twenty-two species of Sinopoda: 1. S. abstrusa sp. nov. (Xizang); 2. S. aequalis sp. nov. (Henan); 3. S. apiculiformis sp. nov. (Hunan); 4, 5. S. brevis sp. nov. (Liaoning); 6, 7. S. changde sp. nov. (Hunan, Shaanxi); 8. S. columnaris sp. nov. (Guizhou); 9. S. curva sp. nov. (Guangxi); 10. S. dehiscens sp. nov. (Hunan); 11. S. erromena sp. nov. (Hunan); 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24. S. globosa Zhang et al., 2015 (Guizhou, Henan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); 25, 26. S. improcera sp. nov. (Yunnan); 27. S. lata sp. nov. (Yunnan); 28. S. liui Zhong et al., 2017 (Fujian); 14, 29, 30. S. longiducta Zhang et al., 2015 (Sichuan, Yunnan); 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41. S. longshan Yin et al., 2000 (Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan); 42, 43. S. luyui sp. nov. (Sichuan, Gansu); 44, 45. S. ovata sp. nov. (Chongqing); 14, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56. S. pengi Song & Zhu, 1999 (Yunnan); 57. S. pyramidalis sp. nov. (Sichuan); 58, 59. S. tumefacta sp. nov. (Yunnan); 14, 26, 29, 30. S. yaanensis sp. nov. (Sichuan, Yunnan); 60. S. yanlingensis sp. nov. (Hunan).

FIGURES 37 in Taxonomic study of Sinopoda spiders from China (Araneae: Sparassidae)

FIGURES 37. Sinopoda longshan Yin, Peng, Yan & Bao, 2000, male from Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve. A–C Left male palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral). C—conductor, dRTA—dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis, E—embolus, SP—spermophor, ST—subtegulum, T—tegulum, vRTA—ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 14 in Taxonomic study of Sinopoda spiders from China (Araneae: Sparassidae)

FIGURES 14. Sinopoda changde sp. nov., holotype male from Hupingshan National Nature Reserve. A–C Left male palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral); D Left male palpal tibia, retrolateral; E–F Male habitus (E dorsal, F ventral). Scale bars: A–D 0.5 mm, E–F 2 mm.

FIGURES 12 in Taxonomic study of Sinopoda spiders from China (Araneae: Sparassidae)

FIGURES 12. Sinopoda brevis sp. nov., paratype female from Daheishan Forest Park. A Epigyne, ventral; B Vulva, dorsal; C–D Female habitus (C dorsal, D ventral). Scale bars: A–B 0.5 mm; C–D 2 mm.

FIGURES 9 in Taxonomic study of Sinopoda spiders from China (Araneae: Sparassidae)

FIGURES 9. Sinopoda apiculiformis sp. nov., paratype female from Hengshan Scenic Area. A Epigyne, ventral; B Vulva, dorsal; C–D Female habitus (C dorsal, D ventral). Scale bars: A–B 0.5 mm; C–D 2 mm.

FIGURES 26 in Taxonomic study of Sinopoda spiders from China (Araneae: Sparassidae)

FIGURES 26. Sinopoda improcera sp. nov., holotype male and paratype female from Yunfengshan Scenic Area. A–C Left male palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral); D Epigyne, ventral; E Vulva, dorsal. Red arrow–Embolic apophysis distally with distinct hook-shaped apophysis, Blue arrow—Embolus tip with small hook-shaped apophysis, AB—anterior bands, C—conductor, dRTA—dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis, E—embolus, EA—embolic apophysis, FD—fertilization duct, GA—glandular appendage, LL—lateral lobes, LS—lobal septum, MS—membranous sac, PP—posterior part of spermathecae, SP—spermophor, ST—subtegulum, T—tegulum, vRTA—ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 24 in Taxonomic study of Sinopoda spiders from China (Araneae: Sparassidae)

FIGURES 24. Sinopoda globosa Zhang, Zhang & Zhang, 2015, male from Wolong National Nature Reserve. A–C Left male palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral); D Left male palpal tibia, retrolateral; E–F Male habitus (E dorsal, F ventral). Scale bars: A–D 0.5 mm, E–F 2 mm.