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1,107 results for “Southwest China”
A meta-analysis reveals increases in soil organic carbon following the restoration and recovery of croplands in Southwest China
<p>In China, the Grain for Green Program (GGP) is an ambitious project to convert croplands into natural vegetation, but exactly how changes in vegetation translate into changes in soil organic carbon remains less clear. Here we conducted a meta-analysis using 734 observations to explore the effects of land recovery on the soil organic carbon and nutrients in 4 provinces in Southwest China. Following GGP, the soil organic carbon content (SOCc) and soil organic carbon storage (SOCs) increased by 33.73% and 22.39%, respectively. Likewise, soil nitrogen increased, while phosphorus decreased. Outcomes were heterogeneous, however, depending on variation in soil and environmental characteristics. Both the regional land use and cover change indicated by landscape type transfer matrix and net primary production from 2000 to 2020 further confirmed that GGP promoted the forest area (2.95%) and regional mean net primary production (52.94%). Our findings suggest that GGP could enhance soil and vegetation carbon sequestration in Southwest China and help to develop carbon neutral strategy.</p>
Northern Hemisphere summer insolation and ice volume driven variations in hydrological environment in southwest China
<p>This dataset from a stalagmite record from Chongqing, Southwest China, provides a high-resolution trace element record from the Last Glacial-Interglacial (116.09 to 4.07 ka BP) up to the sub-centennial scale. Line scans of Element/Calcium ratios of the speleothem were measured by laser ablation ICPMS. Chronology is based on 58 U-Th ages.</p>
Divergence in cold tolerance promotes niche differentiation between diploid and polyploid kiwifruits along an altitudinal gradient in Southwest China
<p>Polyploidization is hypothesized to improve the freezing resistance of plants in cold regions. However, adaptive strategies and key physiological mechanisms involved in the freezing resistant ability of polyploids remain unclear. In <em>Actinidia chinensis</em> (kiwifruits), the tetraploids and hexaploids occupy higher altitude habitats with colder climates than the diploids, providing a study system to investigate mechanisms responsible for differentiation in freezing resistance between cytotypes. We characterized environmental conditions of their natural distribution areas, and measured leaf-level traits of cold damages and water relations at typical sites of each cytotype along an altitudinal gradient. Polyploids showed lower semi-lethal temperature (LT<sub>50</sub>) than ice nucleation temperature (INT), reflecting a tolerance strategy to cope with freezing events in the plateau regions. More negative turgor loss points and larger cell elastic modulus of polyploids could help to alleviate damages from freezing-induced cell dehydration, thus strengthening their tolerance to lower subzero temperatures (lower LT<sub>50</sub>). The increased supercooling capacity of polyploids (lower INT) might correlate with less extracellular ice formation due to lower osmotic potential at full turgor, apoplastic water fraction and tissue capacitance. Our study uncovers a greater cold tolerance in polyploid kiwifruits than diploids, and suggests the potential linkage between freezing tolerance and water relations. Taken together, such a divergence in stress resistance may underlie the niche shift of polyploid plants towards harsh environments.</p>
Data from: Brittle sedimentary strata focus a multimodal depth distribution of seismicity during hydraulic fracturing in the Sichuan basin, southwest China
<p>The number of background earthquakes (<em>M<sub>L</sub></em> ≥ 0) in the southern Sichuan basin, southwest China, has increased thirtyfold as a result of hydraulic fracturing. Background events are originally deep (4-6 <em>km</em>) within the sedimentary section but build into a multimodal distribution both at depth and in the shallow stimulated reservoir (2-4 <em>km</em>) - representing a counterpoint to the usual triggering of seismicity on deep sub-reservoir basement faults. Surprisingly, the largest events (<em>M<sub>L</sub></em> ≥ 3) evolve in the deep sedimentary strata (4-6 <em>km</em>) that are hydraulically isolated from the injection zone (2-4 <em>km</em>) by low permeability layers. We evaluate the friction-stability rheology of the strata within the full stratigraphic section to define the feasibility of nucleation within these shallow and deep strata. These show velocity-neutral to velocity-weakening behavior in the shallow reservoir transitioning to more strongly velocity-weakening with increase in both depth and temperature. Poroelastic stress calculations confirms that stress transfer, rather than transmitted fluid pressures, are capable of directly reactivating critically-stressed faults at depth, with fluid pressures the triggering source within the shallow reservoir.</p>
Fig 7 in On three species of Plexippoides Prószyński, 1984 from Southwest, China (Araneae: Salticidae)
Fig 7. Distributional records of the species of Plexippoides Prószyński, 1984.
Are fine roots 'leaves underground' in terms of allometry? A test in a tropical forest successional series in southwest China
<p>Fine roots have been hypothesized to be "leaves underground" in terms of vascular network, but this hypothesis has rarely been tested within the framework of metabolic scaling theory (MST). We measured average fine-root (diameter < 1 mm) mass (M), surface area (A), volume (V), diameter (D) and length (L) for 216 soil cores from 24 plots across four successional stages in tropical forests of Xishuangbanna (southwest China), and examined eight scaling relationships between these variables at the individual root scale. We tested whether fine-root allometries conformed to MST's model for leaf (MSTl) or model (MSTw) for woody organs (e.g. trunk). We also assessed the relative effects of environmental factors, tree size, species composition and diversity, and stand structural factors on allometric relationships using structural equation models (SEMs). Our results showed that: 1) Fine-root scaling exponents rarely conformed to MSTl's predictions. 2) The scaling exponents between fine-root M, A, V and D all conformed to MSTw's predictions in later successional forests, but showed greater deviation towards early successional stage. 3) The scaling exponents associated with fine-root length differed markedly from MSTw's predictions. 4) Changes of some fine-root scaling exponents across successional stage were mainly affected by tree size or soil fertility, and species composition affected allometry only indirectly via tree size. Our results suggested that the allometries of individual fine roots largely conform to the scaling rules governing woody organs instead of leaves, probably because leaves are nearly two-dimensional objects while the other two are three-dimensional. We showed that MSTw can well predict some fine-root allometries in later successional forests, suggesting great potential of utilizing MSTw to better estimate fine-root biomass and productivity. However, the present MSTw still needs to be improved for predicting the scaling relationships concerning fine-root length, and also for better quantifying allometric exponents in earlier successional forests.</p>
Monthly water storage anomalies, precipitation, and groundwater recharge in two karstic basins, southwest China (2003-2014)
<p>This dataset includes the regionally-averaged monthly hydrological data in two karstic basins, southwest China which are processed or estimated for the manuscript entitled "A novel approach for assessing groundwater recharge by combining GRACE and baseflow with case studies in karst areas of southwest China" by Huang et al., 2022 (submitted to Water Resources Research, Major Revision).</p> <p><strong>Basin description:</strong></p> <p>The Wujiang River Basin (WRB, ~87,900 km<sup>2</sup>, ~70% karstification) and Xijiang River Basin (XRB, ~360,000 km<sup>2</sup>, ~44% karstification) are two typical karstic basins in southwest China. The Wujiang River is the largest tributary in the southern part of the upper Yangtze River. It is originated from the Wumeng Mountain in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and flows from Guizhou to Chongqing. The Xijiang River is the largest tributary of the Pearl River (the largest river in southern China). It is originated from the mountains in eastern Yunnan and flows to Guangxi, Guangdong, and finally into the South China Sea.</p> <p><strong>Data description:</strong></p> <p>1. TWSA (unit: mm in equivalent water thickness) is the average terrestrial water storage anomaly data obtained from three release 6 GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) mascon solutions, i.e., the Center for Space Research (CSR) at the University of Texas (<a href="http://www2.csr.utexas.edu/grace/RL06_mascons.html">http://www2.csr.utexas.edu/grace/RL06_mascons.html</a>), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL, <a href="https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/TELLUS_GRAC-GRFO_MASCON_CRI_GRID_RL06_V2">https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/TELLUS_GRAC-GRFO_MASCON_CRI_GRID_RL06_V2</a>), and Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC, <a href="https://earth.gsfc.nasa.gov/geo/data/grace-mascons">https://earth.gsfc.nasa.gov/geo/data/grace-mascons</a>). The anomalies were estimated by removing a mean background value during 2006-2012.</p> <p>2. SMSA and SWSA (unit: mm in equivalent water thickness) are the soil moisture storage anomaly and surface water storage anomaly data based on the model simulations by WGHM (v2.2d) provided by Dr. Hannes Müller Schmied (email: hannes.mueller.schmied@em.uni-frankfurt.de) at Institute of Physical Geography, Goethe-University Frankfurt. The anomalies were estimated by removing a mean background value during 2006-2012.</p> <p>3. Precipitation data (unit: mm/month) were based on the monthly gridded (0.5×0.5 degree) data product obtained from China Meteorological Administration (CMA, https://data.cma.cn/) which was interpolated from ground-based data measured by meteorological stations.</p> <p>4. Groundwater recharge (unit: mm/month) was estimated based on the groundwater budget method, i.e., the summation of groundwater storage change (GWSC) and baseflow. GRACE-based recharge was estimated using the GWSC derived from GRACE TWSA, WGHM-simulated SMSA and SWSA and in situ-based reservoir storage data. Observation-based recharge was estimated using the GWSC based on in situ groundwater-level data and specific yield (or storage coefficient). Both GRACE- and observation-based recharge were estimated using the baseflow separated by a multiple linear regression using the in situ streamflow as predictand, and precipitation and water table depth data as predictors.</p> <p>Time span: 2003-2014. The time lable like "200301" means January, 2003. "200312" means December, 2003.</p>
Data from: Iris luojiensis (Iridaceae), a new species from Southwest China
<p><em>Iris luojiensis</em>, <strong>sp. nov.</strong> from Southwest China is described and illustrated. This species occurs on shrub slopes in mountainous regions of southwest China. <em>Iris luojiensis</em> is morphologically similar to <em>Iris japonica</em> Thunb., <em>Iris calcicola</em> Z.C.Lu, Z.P.Huang & Yan Liu and <em>Iris watii</em> Baker, but easily distinguished from them by its bluish-violet flowers, 3-6 flowering-stem branches, leaf size, particularly the upper leaves, and by only having two to three (seldom one) flowers per bract. A phylogenetic analysis based on the complete plastid genome supports the separation of <em>I. luojiensis</em> from other morphologically related species. According to morphological and molecular evidence, <em>I. luojiensis</em> can be placed in the <em>I.</em> sect. <em>Lophiris</em>.</p>
Ants may buffer the Janzen–Connell effect in a tropical forest in Southwest China
<p>These files contain the datasets and R codes used in the data analyses in the paper " Ants may buffer the Janzen–Connell effect in a tropical forest in Southwest China" that will be published in Ecology</p>
Fig. 110 in Comb-footed spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae) in the tropical rainforest of Xishuangbanna, Southwest China
Fig. 110. Locality of Xishuangbanna, from which the species of theridiid were collected.
Enormously large tippers observed in southwest China. Can realistic 3-D EM modeling reproduce them?
<p>This dataset contains the observed tipper data and 3-D EM modeling results associated to the manuscript: Enormously large tippers observed in southwest China. Can realistic 3-D EM modeling reproduce them?</p>
Elevation and phylogeny shape herbaceous seed dormancy in a biodiversity hotspot of southwest China
<p><span>Seed dormancy contributes greatly to successful establishment and community stability and shows large variation over a continuous status scale in mountain ecosystems. Although empirical studies have shown that seed dormancy status (SDS) is shaped by elevation and phylogenetic history in mountain ecosystems, few studies have quantified their combined effects on SDS. Here, we collected mature seeds from 51 populations of 11 <em>Impatiens</em> species (Balsaminaceae) along an elevational gradient in the Gaoligong Mountains of southwest China and estimated SDS using mean dormancy percentage of fresh seeds germinated at three constant temperatures (15, 20, and 25 °C). We downloaded 19 bioclimatic variables from WorldClim v.2.1 for each <em>Impatiens</em> population and used internal transcribed spacer (ITS), atpB-rbcL, and trnL-F molecular sequences from the GenBank nucleotide database to construct a phylogenetic tree of the 11 species of <em>Impatiens</em>. Logistic regression model analysis was performed to quantify the effects of phylogeny and environment on SDS. Results identified a significant phylogenetic SDS signal in the <em>Impatiens</em> species. Furthermore, elevation and phylogeny accounted for 63.629% of the total variation in SDS among the <em>Impatiens</em> populations. The best logistic model indicated that temperature was the main factor influencing variation in SDS among the <em>Impatiens</em> species, and model residuals were significantly correlated with phylogeny, but not with elevation. Our results indicated that seed dormancy is phylogenetically conserved, and climate drives elevational patterns of SDS variation in mountain ecosystems. This study provides new insights into the response of seed plant diversity to climate change.</span></p>
Variation of the Asian summer monsoon since the last glacial-interglacial recorded in a stalagmite from southwest China
<p>A high-precise 230Th dated stalagmite from southwestern China was used to reconstruct the changes of ASM and regional hydrological conditions since the last interglacial (3.6–118.1 ka BP) by the coupled δ18O and δ13C. </p>
In-situ stress data set of Xianshuihe fault zone, Southwest China.
<p>306 sets of in situ stress data were collected from 48 sites on the Xianshuihe fault zone, used in literature and reports from 1982 to 2022. The detailed data of the in-situ stress include Stress value、Direction、Depth、Longitude、Latitude, Testing method, and the data source. Of these, the in-situ stress measurement methods include hydraulic fracturing, stress relief, acoustic emission, and stress recovery.</p>
Mineral Protection rather than Aggregate Stability Enhanced Soil Organic Carbon Along an Elevated Gradient in Alpine Areas of Southwest China
<p>This data contains Background, Dominant plant and their biomass, Environmental variables, Aggregate stability, Fe/Al oxides, Mass of soil density fractions, Carbon contetn in each density fraction, Mass of aggregates, Carbon content in each aggregate class size, Ratio of carbon content in each soil density and aggregate fractions and Enzyme avtivity of our investigated sites. Total 46 factors were given.</p>
Divergence in cold tolerance promotes niche differentiation between diploid and polyploid kiwifruits along an altitudinal gradient in Southwest China
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A meta-analysis reveals increases in soil organic carbon following the restoration and recovery of croplands in Southwest China
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Quercus zhekunii, a new sclerophyllous oak from Guangxi, southwest China
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Are fine roots 'leaves underground' in terms of allometry? A test in a tropical forest successional series in southwest China
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Data from: Brittle sedimentary strata focus a multimodal depth distribution of seismicity during hydraulic fracturing in the Sichuan basin, southwest China
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.