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435 results for “Stream fish”
The relative influence of catchment and site variables on fish and macroinvertebrate richness in Cerrado biome streams. Supplemental Materials Table SM2
<p>Table SM2. Environmental variable descriptions (mean, standard deviation and transformation applied) and<br> relationships with assemblage richness across all 80 sites</p>
Seasonality and interspecific competition shape individual niche variation in co-occurring tetra fish in Neotropical streams
The drivers of intraspecific niche variation and its effects on species interactions are still unclear, especially in species-rich Neotropical environments. Here, we investigated how ecological opportunity and interspecific competition affect the degree of individual trophic specialization and the population niche breadth in tetra fish. We studied the four ecologically similar species (Psalidodon aff. gymnodontus, P. aff. paranae, P. bifasciatus, and Bryconamericus ikaa) in subtropical headwater streams (three sites with two co-occurring species and three sites with only one species). We sampled fish in two contrasting seasons (winter/dry and summer/wet), and quantified their trophic niches using gut content analysis. Psalidodon bifasciatus was the only species distributed over all the sampled streams. We observed seasonal differences in population trophic niche breadth of P. bifasciatus just when this species co-occurred with P. aff. gymnodontus. These findings confirm the complex nature of the effects of interspecific competition, depending, for instance, on the identity of the competitor. The degree of individual specialization of P. bifasciatus was higher in the winter, and it was not influenced by the presence of another species. Conversely, the other two Psalidodon species studied presented greater individual specialization in the summer, when fish consumed a higher proportion of allochthonous items (terrestrial insects and seeds), and there were no effects only for B. ikaa. Herein, our results suggest that seasonality in food-resource availability is a major driver of niche variation and it has the potential to play an important role in how these similar tetra species interact and coexist.
Data from: Anthropogenic land-use change intensifies the effect of low flows on stream fishes
1. As ecosystems experience simultaneous disturbances, it is critical to understand how multiple stressors interact to affect ecological change. Land-use change (LUC) and extreme flow events are two important stressors that could interact to affect fish populations. 2. We evaluated the individual and interactive effects of discharge and LUC associated with oil and natural gas development (ONGD) on populations of two stream fishes over a seven-year period. We used repeated-state (i.e., abundance trends) and rate (i.e., colonization and persistence) responses to advance our understanding of flow-ecology relationships in a multiple-stressor framework. 3. Overall, fish abundance, colonization, and persistence declined in association with discharge. The effect of LUC associated with ONGD differed between species, with the abundance of Mottled Sculpin declining and Mountain Sucker increasing. We found both synergistic and antagonistic interactions between discharge and LUC. LUC intensified the effect of low flows for one species and lead to greater variability in responses to flows for the other species. These differences between species' responses are likely due to differences in their physiological tolerances and behavioral adaptations to disturbance. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our research provides empirical evidence for the complex interactions that can arise between discharge and anthropogenic LUC. Management efforts (e.g., silt fences, vegetation replanting, and in-stream restoration) to mitigate the effects of anthropogenic alterations and promote high-quality refuge habitats could help mitigate the effect of hydrologic extremes. Further development of flow-ecology relationships in a multiple-stressor framework will help guide management of stream fishes, and provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying flow-ecology relationships for different species.06-Sep-2019
Supplementary material data for: Unstable environmental conditions constrain the fine-tune between opsin sensitivity and underwater light in an Amazon forest stream fish
<p>Visual adaptations can stem from variations in amino acid composition, chromophore utilization, and differential opsin gene expression levels, enabling individuals to adjust their light sensitivity to environmental lighting conditions. In stable environments, adaptations often involve amino acid substitutions, whereas in unstable conditions, differential gene expression may be a more relevant mechanism. Amazon forest streams present diverse underwater lighting conditions and experience short-term water colour fluctuations. In these environments, it is less likely for genetic and amino acid sequences to undergo modifications that tailor opsin proteins to the prevailing lighting conditions, particularly in species having several copies of the same gene. The sailfin tetra, <em>Crenuchus spilurus</em>, inhabits black and clear water Amazon forest streams. The long wavelength sensitivity (LWS) is an important component for foraging and courtship. Here, we investigated LWS opsin genes in the <em>sailfin tetra</em>. Three copies of LWS1 and two copies of LWS2 genes were found. The maximum absorbance wavelength (λmax) estimated from the amino acid sequences of LWS1 genes exhibited variation among the different copies. In contrast, the copies of LWS2 genes showed identical expected λmax values. Although the amino acid positions affecting λmax varied among LWS genes, they remained consistent among populations living in different water colours. The relative expression levels of LWS genes differed between gene copies. While not formally tested, our results suggest that in fluctuating environments, visual adaptations may primarily stem from alterations in gene expression profiles and/or chromophore usage rather than precise genetic tuning of protein light sensitivity to environmental lighting conditions.</p>
Figure 2. A in Fish diversity of the Vatrak stream, Sabarmati River system, Rajasthan
Figure 2. A view of area of study.
(Source: Google Earth) Figure 1. Area of Study. in Fish diversity of the Vatrak stream, Sabarmati River system, Rajasthan
(Source: Google Earth) Figure 1. Area of Study.
Metapopulation-level associations in positively interacting stream fishes
<p>Positive biotic interactions are recognized as important factors determining species distributions. Although effects of positive interactions have often been observed at local scales, much less is known about consequences at larger spatial scales. Here, we study nest associations of stream fishes - widespread reproductive facilitation between host (nest-builder) and beneficiary (nest associate) species in North America - as a model system to examine the role of positive interactions in determining the metapopulation-level relationship between host and beneficiary species. Using regional data of fish distribution in the Midwestern US, we found that watershed-level occupancy of host species (i.e., metapopulation occupancy) remarkably increased that of nest associates. Our results illustrated that the effects of positive biotic interactions at the metapopulation level were comparable or even stronger than environmental drivers, i.e., factors that have been studied most extensively in metapopulation studies. Further, our model supported the hypothesis that the metapopulation-level relationship between hosts and nest associates was mediated by a gradient of environmental conditions: strong associations occurred under stressful habitats. This study provides insightful evidence that positive biotic interactions have larger scale consequences for distributions of organisms than previously thought. Successful biodiversity conservation may need a broader framework that appreciates the role of positive biotic interactions at larger spatial scales.</p>
Data from: Demography predicts genetic effective size in a desert stream fish community
<p>Demographic data collected during long-term diversity monitoring and short-term ecological surveys were used to calculate summary statistics to compare with estimates of genetic effective size for nine species occurring in the Gila River, New Mexico, USA. Diversity survey data collected by New Mexico Department of Game and Fish from 1988 to 2010 were converted to presence/absence data to create detection histories for each of the nine focal species. Simple occupancy models of detection histories implemented using program PRESENCE were used to estimate the annual probability of sites becoming extirpated. A second data source from affiliated short-term ecological studies provided numbers of individuals captured and area sampled and was used to estimate mean density of adult individuals across sample sites. These data were also used to calculated an index of commonness that incorporates both relative abundance and study wide occupancy. Microsatellite genotypes from a previous study and Dryad submission were used to estimate effective number of breeders and genetic effective size (estimates included in this submission) for each species and contemporary migration rates. Migration rates were estimated using the Bayesian assignment model implemented in program BIMr. Outputs from all independent model runs and code to process output files are included with this data submission.</p>
Data from: Individual body mass and length dataset for over 12,000 fish from Iberian streams
<p>Body size data of stream fish in the north-east of the Iberian Peninsula.</p> <p>We provide a unique fish individual body size dataset collected from our own sampling and public sources in north-eastern Spain. The dataset includes individual body size measures (fork length and mass) of 12,288 individuals of 24 fish species within 10 families collected at 118 locations in large rivers and small streams. Fish were caught by one-pass electrofishing following European standard protocols. The fish dataset has information on the local instream conditions including climatic variables (i.e., temperature and precipitation), topography (i.e., altitude), nutrient concentration (i.e., total phosphorus and nitrates), and the IMPRESS values (a measure of cumulative human impacts in lotic ecosystems). The potential uses of this new fish dataset are manifold, including developing size-based indices to further estimate the ecological status of freshwater ecosystems, allometric models, and analysis of variation in body size structure along environmental gradients.</p>
Data for: Stronger niche than dispersal effects on α- and β-diversity of stream algae, insects, and fish across latitudes in the US
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Niche and dispersal processes influence biodiversity, but their relative importance along latitude is unclear. We predicted that: i) niche processes would dominate at high latitudes due to increased climatic stress, consistent with the physiological tolerance hypothesis and the Dobzhansky-MacArthur hypothesis and ii) dispersal limitation would prevail at low latitudes due to narrower niches and smaller range sizes, as postulated by the dispersal-ecological specialization tradeoff hypothesis, the latitude-niche breadth hypothesis, and Rapoport's rule. </p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Central United States</p> <p><strong>Time Period: </strong>1993-2019</p> <p><strong>Major taxa studied:</strong> Stream algae, insects, and fish</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We examined the relative effects of environment (climate and physicochemistry) vs. space on stream biodiversity in seven latitudinal zones, spanning 19 latitudinal degrees. In each zone, species richness (α-diversity) was analyzed with multiple regression and variance partitioning. Compositional dissimilarity (β-diversity) within zones was assessed with distance-based RDA and variance partitioning.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> For α-diversity, latitudinal variability of niche and dispersal processes conformed to our predictions in all three groups, except for dispersal processes in insects. However, the drivers of β-diversity did not follow our predictions. The latitude-niche breadth hypothesis and Rapoport's rule were weakly supported only in fish.</p> <p><strong>Main Conclusions:</strong> The importance of niche and dispersal processes varied predictably along the latitudinal gradient only for α-diversity. However, the niche effects were driven mostly by physicochemistry, and the dispersal effects were not always linked with ecological specialization and range size. This suggests that climate-based biodiversity theories do not have particular relevance for the streams in our study. Niche processes had a greater impact than dispersal processes across species groups and diversity metrics, emphasizing the primary role of the environment.</p>
Yellow creek abundance data for stream fish response to drought
<p>Climate change projections in the western United States suggest that snowpack levels and winter precipitation will decline, but mean annual precipitation levels will remain unchanged. Mountain streams that once saw a constant source of water from snowpack will begin to see large seasonal variation in flow. Increased stream intermittency will create significant conservation risks for fish species; however, few studies have examined the abundance responses of fish in high elevation streams to the shift from perennial to intermittent flow. To determine the effects of stream intermittency on fish abundance in a montane stream, we quantified changes in abundance for five species over a five-year period that exhibited extreme variation in streamflow. Responses varied by species and life stage, suggesting that the shift from perennial to intermittent flow will cause significant declines in abundance for some species. Northern leatherside chub, may experience large decreases in their range as the availability of perennial streams decreases. The study of drought effects on fish abundance will be crucial to the conservation of biodiversity in montane regions of the world.</p>
Dataset for: Intercontinental analysis of temperate steppe stream food webs reveals consistent autochthonous support of fishes
<p>Quantifying the trophic basis of production for freshwater metazoa at broad spatial scales is key to understanding ecosystem function and has been a research priority for decades. However, previous lotic food web studies have been limited by geographic coverage or methodological constraints. We used compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis of amino acids to estimate basal resource contributions to fish consumers in streams spanning grassland, montane, and semi-arid ecoregions of the temperate steppe biome on two continents. Across a range of stream sizes and light regimes, we found consistent trophic importance of aquatic resources. Essential amino acids of heterotrophic microbial origin generally provided secondary support for fishes, while terrestrial carbon did not seem to provide any significant, direct support. These findings provide strong evidence for the dominant contribution of carbon to higher-order consumers by aquatic autochthonous resources (primarily) and heterotrophic microbial communities (secondarily) in temperate steppe streams.</p>
Figure 5 in Fish fauna of moderate altitude from first order stream in upper Rio Machado, Rondônia, Brazil
Figure 5. Richness per family (A) and relative abundance of species (B) registered in the upper Rio Machado basin.
Figure 4 in Fish fauna of moderate altitude from first order stream in upper Rio Machado, Rondônia, Brazil
Figure 4. Relative diversity of species (A), and relative abundance of specimens (B) per order registered in the upper Rio Machado basin.
Figure 2 in Fish fauna of moderate altitude from first order stream in upper Rio Machado, Rondônia, Brazil
Figure 2. Habitats of the sampled station in the upper Rio Machado, Rio Madeira basin, Rondônia, Brazil.
Figure 1 in Fish fauna of moderate altitude from first order stream in upper Rio Machado, Rondônia, Brazil
Figure 1. Map of the study area from the upper Rio Machado, Rio Madeira basin, Rondônia, Brazil. The sampled station is indicated by the red plus symbol.
Figure 3 in Fish fauna of moderate altitude from first order stream in upper Rio Machado, Rondônia, Brazil
Figure 3. Fishes registered from the tributary of Igarapé Piracolina, upper Rio Machado, Vilhena, Rondônia. Bryconops piracolina (1-2); Creagrutus petilus (3); Hyphessobrycon aff. notidanos (4-5); H. lucenorum (6-7); Hyphessobrycon cf. melanostichos (8); Moenkhausia parecis (9); M. cambacica (10); Erythrinus erythrinus (11); Pyrrhulina sp. nov. (12-13); Ancistrus verecundus (14-15); Tatia intermedia (16); Corydoras hephaestus (17); Megalechis thoracata (18); Cetopsorhamdia clathrata (19); Rhamdia quelen (20); Aequidens aff. rondoni (21); Brachyhypopomus degy (22); Hoplias malabaricus not represented herein.
Figure 4 in Far from urban areas: plastic uptake in fish populations of subtropical headwater streams
Figure 4. Length frequency distribution of the fibers.
Figure 2 in Far from urban areas: plastic uptake in fish populations of subtropical headwater streams
Figure 2. Plastic fibres from fish intestines.
FIGURE 3 in Local effects of deforestation on stream fish assemblages in the Amazon-Savannah transitional area
FIGURE 3 | Box-and-whiskers plots of the five metrics comprising the Physical Integrity Index.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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