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Fig. 4 in Spatial and temporal distribution of fish eggs and larvae in a subtropical coastal lagoon, Santa Catarina State, Brazil

Fig. 4. Fish larvae (a) dominance and (b) frequency of occurrence in Ibiraquera Lagoon, from December 2003 to December

Fig. 2 in Spatial and temporal distribution of fish eggs and larvae in a subtropical coastal lagoon, Santa Catarina State, Brazil

Fig. 2. Hydrographic conditions in Ibiraquera Lagoon from December 2003 to December 2004. (a) Water temperature (°C), (b) mean salinity variation, (c) total monthly rainfall (mm).

Fig. 1 in Spatial and temporal distribution of fish eggs and larvae in a subtropical coastal lagoon, Santa Catarina State, Brazil

Fig. 1. The location of Ibiraquera Lagoon on the southern Brazilian coast with its four stations in detail (Saco, Baixo, Meio and Cima).

Fig. 1 in Environmental influences on the spatial and temporal distribution of the puffer fish Sphoeroides greeleyi and Sphoeroides testudineus in a Brazilian subtropical estuary

Fig. 1. Map of the estuarine complex of Paranaguá, northern shore of the State of Paraná, Brazil, locating the sampling sites.

Fig. 2 in Environmental influences on the spatial and temporal distribution of the puffer fish Sphoeroides greeleyi and Sphoeroides testudineus in a Brazilian subtropical estuary

Fig. 2. Graphic representation of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) conducted for the sampling sites and for the seasons of the year on the north-south axis of the estuarine complex of Paranaguá, Paraná State.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

Data for: The interactive effects of soil fertility and tree mycorrhizal association explain spatial variation of diversity-biomass relationships in a subtropical forest

Observed biodiversity-ecosystem function (BEF) relationships are highly variable, particularly in natural forests. However, our understanding of the factors that generate these often contradictory patterns, especially the role of different mycorrhizal associations, is still limited. By relating tree species richness and aboveground biomass (AGB) in a fully-mapped 24-ha subtropical forest dynamics plot, we evaluated the impacts of soil fertility and tree mycorrhizal type in mediating BEF relationships at multiple spatial scales. Our results demonstrate a highly positive total richness effect on AGB for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees but a negative effect on AGB for ectomycorrhizal (EcM) trees, and their relationships were highly spatial scale dependent. However, the observed BEF relationships turned into positive at small spatial scales (i.e., 10 m and 20 m) after controlling for other confounding factors (i.e., topography, soil fertility, and AM proportion). In addition, we found significant interactions between soil fertility and species richness on AGB. Specifically, the positive effect of total species richness on AGB for major mycorrhizal types gradually weakened with increasing soil fertility, while the positive effect of EcM species richness on AM AGB gradually enhanced at small spatial scales, suggesting the observed diversity effects can be largely attributed to resource niche complementarity and the role of EcM fungi. Synthesis. We conclude that the variable BEF relationships among forest communities could be explained by spatial variation in abiotic environments and community mycorrhizal composition because different types of symbionts perform different nutrient uptake strategies and ability in protection from antagonists. Our findings provide novel insights into the understanding of the variation in the shape of BEF relationships in natural forests, which is critical for forest management, conservation, and restoration in a changing world.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2019View details →

FIGURE 1 in ANATOLY BOBROV, YANGMIN QIN & RICHARD J. PAYNE (2019) A new testate amoebae species Planhoogenraadia wuchanica sp. nov. from subtropical forest soils in Wuhan, central China Zootaxa, 4550: 289-294.

FIGURE 1. Outline of Planhoogenraadia wuchanica sp. nov. (1A, 1B) in ventral and lateral views. (1–6 characters of the shell measured (see Table 1). Scale bar is 50 µm.

opencc-zeroFeb 2023View details →

Sponge presence increases the diversity and abundance of fish and invertebrates in a subtropical seagrass bed

Ecosystem engineers (e.g., seagrasses) can have profound effects on biodiversity and community structure. Sponges possess many traits (e.g., create complex structure) that suggest they may act as ecosystem engineers, but we know little about their relationships with the animal communities that inhabit seagrass beds. This study explored the effects of the marine sponge, Ircinia felix, on fish and invertebrate taxa richness, abundance, turnover, and community composition in a seagrass bed through a 1-year field experiment performed in The Bahamas. We recorded the fish and invertebrate communities present in 5 × 5 m plots with the addition of either a live sponge, a polypropylene sponge replica (structure), or no additional structure (control). Both taxonomic groups responded similarly to the addition of a live sponge. Taxa richness and abundance increased at least 4-fold over a year in the presence of I. felix but decreased 2-fold or more in the other plot types. Live sponge presence increased the number of new taxa gained by at least 24% and reduced the number of taxa lost compared to other plot types. Finally, we found that the fish community shifted in a more consistent direction in the presence of a live sponge than in the other plots. Our study shows that sponges can act as ecosystem engineers in subtropical seagrass systems; however, additional research is needed to determine the full extent and implications of their ecological effects.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

GWAS analysis for tolerance to heat stress and milk production, in subtropical Egyptian goats

The conservation of local Egyptian goat genotypes has been a national program since 2009. Our study investigated different subtropical Egyptian goat populations (367 does) from different harsh ecological zones(hot Upper Egypt, Coastal Zone of Western Desert, and Wahati Desert Oasis) to identify genes associated with heat stress. We examined the physiological response of animals that were exposed to simulated summer grazing conditions, and physiological parameters including respiration rate, gas volume, rectal temperature, and skin temperature. Temperature Humidity Index ranged from 98.6 to 109.3, indicating that the animals were under severe heat stress. Results showed significant differences between the populations in their tolerance to heat stress, with Saidi goats being the most adapted to hot-dry conditions. Respiration rate was found to be the most reliable physiological trait for differentiating between animals in their tolerance to heat stress. The GWAS analysis involved 157 genotypes and 54,032 marker-SNPs, revealing 90 SNPs associated with heat stress and 70 SNPs associated with milk production. Chromosome 1 had the highest number of SNPs associated with heat-stress traits, while chromosome 4 exhibited the largest number of significant SNPs associated with milk production. Several genes were associated with heat stress response and tolerance in goats. These genes were categorized into three main groups: heat stress response, stress response, and reproduction, and feed intake. The first group includes USP54, KDM6A, and ETNPPL, which have multiple functions, such as steroid biosynthesis, metabolism, and stress response, and are also involved in key biological processes such as reproduction, immune response, and metabolism. The second group, which is mostly associated with immune response, includes GLTSCR2 and NAALADL2. Finally, a group of genes that may control animal feed intakes, including TRPM3 and ZBTB8A. Additionally, several genes, such as FHIT, GALNT18, RAPGEF5, and RBFOX1, linked to milk production, are known to be linked fertility, and fatty acid composition. These findings provide insights into the potential roles of these genes in heat stress response and tolerance in goats, and the genetic basis for improved milk production and animal welfare and can be used as selection markers in the ongoing breeding programs.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Dietary and niche analyses of four endemic and sympatric batoid species of the subtropical South Atlantic Ocean

We aimed to characterize the trophic ecology and test the hypothesis of niche overlap between four endemic and sympatric batoid species of the subtropical South Atlantic. Data were collected between 2017 and 2022 from two artisanal fishery communities in southern Brazil. Batoid stomach contents were identified, separated into categories, and weighed. We calculated the Levins, Pianka's, and relative dietary importance index (IRI), and performed a similarity test using PERMANOVA and the similarity percentage (SIMPER) for niche analysis. We analyzed 229 stomachs of four batoid species, 187 containing food. All species showed a narrow food niche. The most important diet items for each species were: Leptochaela serratorbita and Onuphidae for Dasyatis hypostigma; Nematoda for Pseudobatos horkelii; L. serratorbita and Sicyonia dorsalis for Rioraja agassizii; and Achelous spinicarpus for Sympterygia bonapartii. The analyses showed (statistically significant) dissimilarity among the species' diets without significant niche overlap. This study provides ecology-feeding information for four batoid species with specialized diets composed of benthic prey species. Our results detected the absence of significant niche overlap among batoid species, suggesting other types of niche partitioning and spatiotemporal habitat variation. This information could be considered for local management plans.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

APPENDIX 12 in Detangling the effects of patch attributes on bryophyte diversity in fragmented subtropical secondary forests - a case study of land-bridge islands

APPENDIX 12. — Relationships of accumulative species number with accumulative sampling efforts for eight largest islands.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

FIG. 2 in Detangling the effects of patch attributes on bryophyte diversity in fragmented subtropical secondary forests - a case study of land-bridge islands

FIG. 2. — Relationships of species richness with number of habitat types, area, elevation, shape irregularity, vegetative cover, and ISW for five bryophyte categories in 168 forest fragments of the Thousand Island Lake, China. The regression equations are derived from GLMMs. Note: ISW, the relative proportion of water within a circle of a diameter of 1000 m centered on a given island.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

Data and code from: Breakdown in seasonal dynamics of subtropical ant communities with land-cover change

Concerns about widespread human-induced declines in insect populations are mounting, yet little is known about how land-use change modifies the dynamics of insect communities, particularly in understudied regions. Here, we examine how the seasonal activity patterns of ants—key drivers of terrestrial ecosystem functioning—vary with anthropogenic land-cover change on a subtropical island landscape, and whether differences in temperature or species composition can explain observed patterns. Using trap captures sampled biweekly over two years from a biodiversity monitoring network covering Okinawa Island, Japan, we processed 1.2 million individuals and reconstructed activity patterns within and across habitat types. Forest communities exhibited greater temporal variability of activity than those in more developed areas. Using time-series decomposition to deconstruct this pattern, we found that sites with greater human development exhibited ant communities with diminished seasonality, reduced synchrony, and higher stochasticity compared to sites with greater forest cover. Our results cannot be explained by variation in regional or site temperature patterns, or by differences in species richness or composition among sites. Our study raises the possibility that disruptions to natural seasonal patterns of functionally key insect communities may comprise an important and underappreciated consequence of global environmental change that must be better understood across Earth's biomes.