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917 results for “Theorie”
Connectome of memristive nanowire networks through graph theory - Dataset
<p>This is the dataset of "Connectome of memristive nanowire networks through graph theory"</p>
Varying Perspectives on Temporal Theory – How Do We Define Time? A Roundtable Discussion
<p><strong>Context:</strong><em> Academics from Archaeology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Philosophy, and Particle Physics present/debate the concept of time from the perspective of their respective disciplines. </em></p> <p><strong>Impact:</strong><em> Each speaker considers how their personal and professional understanding of the concept of time impacts their practice, how they process information and the conclusions they come to in their research. </em></p> <p><strong>Accessibility:</strong><em> They discuss how it is possible to communicate these concepts both via research publication, across interdisciplinary comms and to the general public.</em></p>
Data from: Invasions of an obligate asexual daphnid species support the nearly neutral theory
<p><span>To verify the "nearly neutral theory (NNT)," the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions (<em>dN/dS</em>) was compared among populations of different species. To determine the validity of NNT, however, populations that are genetically isolated from each other but share the same selection agents and differ in size should be compared. Genetically different lineages of obligate asexual <em>Daphnia pulex</em> invading Japan from North America are an ideal example as they satisfy these prerequisites. Therefore, we analyzed the whole-genome sequences of 18 genotypes, including those of the two independently invaded <em>D. pulex</em> lineages (JPN1 and JPN2) and compared the <em>dN/dS</em> ratio between the lineages. The base substitution rate of each genotype demonstrated that the JPN1 lineage having a larger distribution range diverged earlier and thus was older than the JPN2 lineage. Comparisons of the genotypes within lineages revealed that changes in <em>dN/dS</em> occurred after the divergence and were larger in the younger lineage, JPN2. These results imply that the JPN1 lineage has been more effectively subjected to purification selections, while slightly deteriorating mutations are less purged in JPN2 with smaller population size. Altogether, the lineage-specific difference in the <em>dN/dS</em> ratio for the obligate asexual <em>D. pulex</em> was well explained by the NNT.</span></p>
Nestedness theory suggests wetland fragments with large areas and macrophyte diversity benefit waterbirds
<p>Many artificial wetland constructions are currently underway worldwide to compensate for the degradation of natural wetland systems. Researchers face the responsibility of proposing wetland management and species protection strategies to ensure that constructed wetlands positively impact waterbird diversity. Nestedness is a commonly occurring pattern for biotas in fragmented habitats with important implications for conservation; however, only a few studies have focused on seasonal waterbird communities in current artificial wetlands. In this study, we used the nestedness theory for analyzing the annual and seasonal community structures of waterbirds in artificial wetlands at Lake Dianchi (China) to suggest artificial wetland management and waterbird conservation strategies. We carried out three waterbird surveys per month for one year to observe the annual, spring, summer, autumn, and winter waterbird assemblages in 27 lakeside artificial wetland fragments. We used the NeD program to quantify nestedness patterns of waterbirds at the annual and seasonal levels. We also determined Spearman partial correlations to examine the associations of nestedness rank and habitat variables to explore the factors underlying nestedness patterns. We found that annual and all four seasonal waterbird compositions were nested, and selective extinction and habitat nestedness were the main factors governing nestedness. Further, selective colonization was the key driver of nestedness in autumn and winter waterbirds. We suggest that the area of wetland fragments should be as large as possible and that habitat heterogeneity should be maximized to fulfill the conservation needs of different seasonal waterbirds. Furthermore, we suggest that future studies should focus on the least area criterion, and that vegetation management of artificial wetland construction should be based on the notion of sustainable development for humans and wildlife. </p>
Application of inverse theory for high spatial resolution reconstructions of thermospheric vector wind fields from Doppler shifts measured by a ground-based network of all-sky Fabry-Perot interferometers
<p>Several types of all-sky viewing Fabry-Perot Interferometers (FPI) have been developed since the 1990s for ground-based remote sensing of thermospheric winds. The Scanning Doppler Imager (SDI) is one such instrument, which provides temporally simultaneous line-of-sight observations from hundreds of independent look directions per instrument exposure. A geographically distributed network of such instruments increases spatial coverage and, at many locations, also provides overlapping observations along multiple independent lines-of-sight. Together, these characteristics significantly increase the density and fidelity that is possible for reconstructed thermospheric vector wind fields, compared to a traditional narrow-field FPI, but at the cost of complexity and difficulty.<br><br></p> <p>Presently, we describe an application of inverse theory to reconstruct three-component vector thermospheric neutral wind fields using data from multiple SDI instruments. The salient features of the method used here are the ability to reconstruct three-component winds on a dense grid that is sampled regularly in latitude, longitude, and time, without assuming any a-priori underlying structure of the winds. This requires solving an inverse problem that does not in general yield a unique solution unless additional constraints are enforced. We describe this step, also known also as regularization, along with the strategy used to maximize the spatial resolution of the derived wind fields by automatically determining the minimum level of regularization that can produce stable inversions. We present example results obtained from applying this technique to one night of data from a network of SDIs in Alaska, and discuss the implications of these results for current understanding of thermospheric dynamics.</p>
Raw Data to 'Experimental verification of the area law of mutual information in quantum field theory', arXiv:2206.10563
<p><strong>Absorption images representing the raw data for arXiv:2206.10563</strong></p> <p>'scan5722.zip' contains the raw data for figures 2 and 3.</p> <p>'scan5831.zip' and 'scan9617.zip' contain the raw data for figure 5, right and left, respectively.</p> <p>All three datasets, 9617, 5722, and 5831, are used to obtain the data points in figure 4, from low to high temperatures.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Scans 5722 & 5831</strong></p> <p>The absorption images are numbered consecutively.</p> <p>The first image for scans 5722 and 5831 is taken along the axial (longitudinal) direction with our 'longitudinal' imaging system after 10 ms time of flight (TOF) to measure the atom number balance between the two wells. The measurement is performed before ramping up the DW barrier. Two images are taken in each cycle: One shot with atoms ('1-atomcloud.tif') and a second image to record the intensity of the imaging beam without atoms ('1-withoutatoms.tif'). These two pictures are used to extract the atomic density (see the Matlab script).</p> <p>The second image for scans 5722 and 5831 is taken in the direction of the double-well (DW) separation with our 'transverse' imaging system. The measurement is performed before ramping up the DW barrier. The image is taken after 11.2 ms TOF.</p> <p>The subsequent images record the interference fringes for the different evolution times (again, always pairs '-atomcloud.tif' and '-withoutatoms.tif'). They are taken with our 'vertical' imaging system after 15.6 ms TOF. The imaging direction is perpendicular to the weakly confined direction of the clouds and the DW separation.</p> <p>The recorded evolution times for scan 5722 are -1.9 ms (right before ramping up the DW barrier), 0 ms (right after the DW barrier is ramped up), and then in steps of 2.5 ms until 65 ms. This means that '3-atomcloud.tif' corresponds to -1.9 ms, and '30-atomcloud.tif' corresponds to 65 ms. This completes the 'first repeat'. The next two shots, '31-atomcloud.tif' and '32-atomcloud.tif', belong to the 'second repeat' and are again taken with the 'longitudinal' & 'transverse' imaging systems, respectively. The picture '33-atomcloud.tif' is again taken with the 'vertical' imaging and corresponds to -1.9 ms. And so forth.</p> <p>In the same way, the pictures scan 5831 are ordered. The evolution times (in ms) for these two scans are:</p> <p>scan 5722: -1.9 from 0 to 65 (in steps of 2.5)</p> <p>scan 5831: -1.8, from 0 to 65 (in steps of 2.5)</p> <p>The first time always corresponds to the instant right before the DW barrier is ramped up. 0 is always right after the barrier was ramped up.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Scan 9617</strong></p> <p>This scan only contains images with the 'vertical' imaging system with 15.6 ms TOF. The evolution times (in ms) are as follows:</p> <p>scan 9617: -2.8, from 0 to 15 (in steps of 1.5), 22, 25, 28</p> <p>The first time always corresponds to the instant right before the DW barrier is ramped up. 0 is always right after the barrier was ramped up.</p> <p>This means, that '1-atomcloud.tif', '16-atomcloud.tif', '31-atomcloud.tif' and so on correspond to -2.8 ms, and '15-atomcloud.tif', '30-atomcloud.tif', '45-atomcloud.tif' and so on correspond to 28 ms.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Matlab script</strong></p> <p>In addition to the data, a Matlab script (calc_atomic_density.m) illustrates how to extract the two-dimensional atomic density from the absorption images. It contains all relevant parameters of the imaging systems.</p>
Optical properties of monolayer and multilayer 1T' WTe2 calculated by density functional theory
<p>We investigate the optical properties of monolayer, bilayer, trilayer, and quadrilayer WTe<sub>2</sub> in the 1T' crystal phase by ab-initio calculations based on spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT). We used the Vasp package to calculate the real and imaginary part of the dielectric function, the real and imaginary part of the refractive index, as well as the optical absorbance from 0 eV to 5 eV and for different crystal directions.</p>
A Theory of Scrum Team Effectiveness: Dataset and Supplementary Materials
<p>This bundle contains supplementary materials for an upcoming academic publication <em>A Theory of Scrum Team Effectiveness</em>, by Christiaan Verwijs and Daniel Russo. Included in the bundle are the dataset, SPSS syntaxes, and model definitions (AMOS). This replication package is made available by C. Verwijs under a "Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share-Alike 4.0 International"-license (CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0).</p> <p><strong>About the dataset</strong></p> <p>The dataset (SPSS) contains anonymized response data from 4.940 respondents from 1.978 Scrum Teams that participated from the <a href="https://scrumteamsurvey.org">https://scrumteamsurvey.org</a>. Data was gathered between June 3, 2020, and October 13, 2021. We cleaned the individual response data from careless responses and removed all data that could potentially identify teams, individuals, or their parent organizations. Because we wanted to analyze our measures at the team level, we calculated a team level mean for each item in the survey. Such aggregation is only justified when at least 10% of the variance exists at the team level (Hair, 2019), which was the case (ICC = 51%). Because the percentage of missing data was modest, and to prevent list-wise deletion of cases and lose information, we performed EM maximum likelihood imputation in SPSS.</p> <p>The dataset contains question labels and answer option definitions. To conform to the privacy statement of scrumteamsurvey.org, the bundle does not include individual response data from before the team-level aggregation.</p> <p><strong>About the model definitions</strong></p> <p>The bundle includes definitions for Structural Equation Models (SEM) for AMOS. We added the four iterations of the measurement model, four models used to perform a test for common method bias, the final path model, and the model used for mediation testing. Mediation testing was performed with the procedure outlined by Podsakoff (2003). Mediation testing was performed with the <a href="http://statwiki.gaskination.com/index.php?title=CFA">"Indirect Effects" plugin</a> for AMOS by James Gaskin.</p> <p><strong>About the SPSS syntaxes</strong></p> <p>The bundle includes the syntaxes we used to prepare the dataset from the raw import, as well as the syntax we used to generate descriptives. This is mostly there for other researchers to verify our procedure.</p>
Benchmarks from the paper titled "An SMT-LIB Theory of Heaps" submtted to SMT 2022
<p>Benchmarks from the paper titled "An SMT-LIB Theory of Heaps" submtted to SMT 2022</p> <p><strong>benchmarks/</strong><br> This directory contains all benchmarks (excluding SV-Comp sources).<br> - <strong>benchmarks/heap</strong> contains all heap benchmarks (smt2). <br> - <strong>benchmarks/heap2array</strong> contains all heap2array encoded benchmarks (smt2).</p> <p>The source benchmarks from SV-Comp 2022 (`.c` and `.i` files together with their accompanying `.yml` files) are not provided in this repository due to licensing reasons, but the files are freely available for download: <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/5831003/export/hx">https://zenodo.org/record/5831003/export/hx</a></p>
Data from: ETIB-T: An aquilibrium theory of island biogeography for plant traits
<p><span>This dataset holds information on community mean seed mass, plant height and leaf area of 156 species and their occurrences on 15 islands ranging in size from </span><span>164 m2 - 19 km2. The islands are located </span><span>in Western Australia off Perth. Further, the dataset provides information on island coordinates, size, isolation and elevation. </span><span>The islands were sampled four times within four decades.</span> The data can be used to investigate spatial and temporal turnover dynamics on islands.</p>
Theory dataset for "Tunable Gamma-K Valley Populations in Trilayer WSe2"
<p>Dataset for the theoretical analysis presented in the paper "Tunable Gamma-K Valley Populations in Trilayer WSe2". Details of the contents are described in README.md.</p>
T-Factor. WP4 Dataset: The use of Theory of Change in urban regeneration
<p>This dataset presents 4 anonymized interviews performed online, with stakeholders involved in Work Package 4 of the T-Factor project. The content of the interviews is relevant to the analysis of the methodology of the scoping and ideating station, in which the objective was to provide city stakeholders involved in the T-Factor project with design tools to support strategic decision making. This dataset has also been used as a source of information for an article in a Scientific Journal. This article was published in Design Management Journal the 11th of November 2023 with the Title "Using Theory of Change to Support Participatory Visual Mapping in Urban transformation Projects".</p>
Data from: Phenotypically plastic responses to environmental variation are more complex than life history theory predicts
<p>For insects that exhibit wing polyphenic development, abiotic and biotic signals dictate the adult wing morphology of the insect in an adaptive manner such that in stressful environments the formation of a flight-capable morph is favored and in low stress environments a flightless morph is favored. While there is a relatively large amount known about the environmental cues that dictate morph formation in wing polyphenic hemipterans like planthoppers and aphids, whether those cues dictate the same morphs in non-hemipteran (i.e. cricket) wing polyphenic species has not been explicitly investigated. To experimentally test the generality of environmental cue determination of wing polyphenism across taxa with diverse life histories, in this study we tested the importance of food quantity, parasitic infection, and tactile cues on wing morph determination in the wing polyphenic sand field cricket, <em>Gryllus firmus</em>. Our results also show that certain stress cues, such as severe diet quantity limitation and parasitic infection, actually led to an increase in the production of flightless morph. Based on these findings, our results suggest that physiological and genetic constraints are important to an organism's ability to respond to environmental variation in an adaptive manner beyond simple life history trade-offs.</p>
Data associated with Band theory for heterostructures with interface superlattices
<p>Data used to produce the figures in the paper "Band theory for heterostructures with interface superlattices" to be published in Physical Review B.</p>
Raw Data to the article Mlynsky et al., J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2023
<p>Raw data to the article "Mlynsky, V., Kuhrova, P., Stadlbauer, P., Krepl, M., Otyepka, M., Banas, P., & Sponer, J. (2023). Simple adjustment of intranucleotide base-phosphate interaction in the ol3 amber force field improves RNA simulations. <em>Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation</em>, <em>19</em>(22), 8423-8433". See readme.txt file for additional info. The upload now contains the original JCTC article and its Supporting Information.</p>
Extremely Metal-Poor Stars used in "A Modified Initial Mass Function of the First Stars with Explodability Theory under Different Enrichment Scenarios"
<p>This is the Extremely Metal-Poor stars used in the paper "A Modified Initial Mass Function of the First Stars with Explodability Theory under Different Enrichment Scenarios" by Jiang, Zhao, Li and Xing 2024. Table "EMPs_list.csv" contains the number of available abundance elements, metallicity and reference. References are also listed as related works in this record, by DOI. </p> <p>If you have any questions about this data, please contact jiangrz@bao.ac.cn for further information. </p>
Additional data of the PhD thesis "Merge-and-Shrink Abstractions for Classical Planning: Theory, Strategies, and Implementation"
<p>The original data set for the thesis "Merge-and-Shrink Abstractions for Classical Planning: Theory, Strategies, and Implementation" by Sievers, 2017, available under https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1164137, accidentally did not include the data of one experiment, namely the raw data of the parsed data contained in "sota-symba-spmas-eval". It can be found in this data set.</p>
Theorizing spiritual agency and the role of the sacred among Filipino Born-Again Christians: A grounded theory approach
<p>The file uploaded contain the compiled coding descriptions of 11 Born-Again Christians. This was used to construct a theory on spiritual agency in the Filipino context. Language used by the participants were mainly English and Filipino. </p>
Towards a Theory of Software Development Expertise — Supplementary Material
<p>Software development includes diverse tasks such as implementing new features, analyzing requirements, and fixing bugs. Being an expert in those tasks requires a certain set of skills, knowledge, and experience. Several studies investigated individual aspects of software development expertise, but what is missing is a comprehensive theory. We present a first conceptual theory of software development expertise that is grounded in data from a mixed-methods survey with 335 software developers and in literature on expertise and expert performance. Our theory currently focuses on programming, but already provides valuable insights for researchers, developers, and employers. The theory describes important properties of software development expertise and which factors foster or hinder its formation, including how developers' performance may decline over time. Moreover, our quantitative results show that developers' expertise self-assessments are context-dependent and that experience is not necessarily related to expertise.</p>
Imaging subsurface structure of an urban area based on Diffuse-Field Theory concept using seismic ambient noise
<p>Ambient noise data for a small urban area of NER India. The data set constitute all the raw files that were used for figures in the paper by Bora et al.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.