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1,774 results for “accelerators”
Early 21st century accelerated glacier shrinkage and associated climatic drivers in Bhaga basin, north-western Himalaya
<p>This study investigates the glacier changes in the Bhaga basin, western Himalaya during the last five decades based on various satellite imagery: Corona KH4 (1971), Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+; 2000), Linear Imaging Self-Scanning Sensor (LISS IV; 2013), Sentinel 2 (2016 and 2018). We compare glacier changes on spatial and temporal scales and their dependency on local topographic settings (elevation, slope, aspect, debris cover, presence of glacial lakes) and climatic fluctuations. Long-term (1900-present) reanalysis climatic datasets were evaluated to monitor the temperature and precipitation trend of the region. Glacier mapping from 2013 (LISS IV) images yielded 306 glaciers (>0.2 km²) with a total area of 360.3 ± 4.0 km², of which 55.7 ± 0.6 km² was covered by debris. Glaciers in the Bhaga basin lost -7.9 ± 1.5% (-0.17% yr¯¹) of ice during 1971-2018 with a significant heterogeneous rate within tributary watersheds. The number of analyzed glaciers increased by nine due to fragmentations. In recent decades (2000-18), the deglaciation rate has increased significantly (-0.25% yr¯¹) compared to previous decades (1971-2000; -0.12% yr¯¹). The retreat rate has been observed to be much lower than previously reported. Heterogeneous ice loss was mostly controlled by the size, altitudinal range, orientation, and debris cover. Analysis and inter-comparison of multiple gridded climatic data during the last century shows a drastic change in climatic trends around 2000 in western Himalaya. Asian Precipitation-Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation (APHRODITE) data reveals an increasing trend in temperature (0.019° C yr¯¹) and a significant decreasing trend in precipitation (-1.969 mm yr¯¹) after 1990. The observed glacier change in the Bhaga basin is in similarity to the observed climatic trend for the western Himalaya.</p>
Growth acceleration results in faster telomere shortening later in life
<p>There is a wealth of evidence for a lifespan penalty when environmental conditions influence an individual´s growth trajectory such that growth rate is accelerated to attain a target size within a limited time period. Given this empirically demonstrated relationship between accelerated growth and lifespan, and the links between lifespan and telomere dynamics, increased telomere loss could underpin this growth-lifespan trade. We experimentally modified the growth trajectory of nestling zebra finches (<i>Taeniopygia guttata</i>), inducing a group of nestlings to accelerate their growth between 7 and 15 days of age, the main phase of body growth. We then sequentially measured their telomere length in red blood cells at various time points from 7 days to full adulthood (120 days). Accelerated growth between 7 and 15 days was not associated with a detectable increase in telomere shortening during this period compared with controls. However, only in the treatment group induced to show growth acceleration, the rate of growth during the experimental period was positively related to the amount of telomere shortening between 15 and 120 days. Our findings provide evidence of a long-term influence of growth rate on later-life telomere shortening, but only when individuals have accelerated growth in response to environmental circumstances.</p>
Warming and shifting phenology accelerate an invasive plant life cycle
<p>Numerous studies have documented changes in the seasonal timing of organisms' growth and reproduction in response to climate warming. These changes correlate with documented changes in species' abundance, but mechanisms linking these trends remain elusive. We investigated the joint demographic effects of advanced reproductive phenology and warming on a globally invasive plant (<i>Carduus nutans</i>) in a field experiment, documenting a substantial shift toward completion of the life cycle at younger ages. Demographic modeling projected 71% of warmed individuals flower as annuals, compared to 61% under current conditions. As this species only reproduces once, this represents a major acceleration of the life cycle. We project a 15% increase in this invader's population growth rate. We show that rising temperatures accelerate this invasive species' population growth by increasing the average size of reproducing individuals; increasing the proportion of individuals that survive to reproduce; and increasing the fraction that reproduce as annuals. Major increases in population growth in this, and potentially many other, invasive species will threaten food security and require careful planning to avoid significant environmental and economic impacts.</p>
Experimantal data related to " Electron phase space control in on-chip laser-driven particle acceleration "
<p>Experimental and Simualtion data used to generate the Plots in the manusript of "Electron phase space control in on-chip laser-driven particle acceleration". Use Matlab file (R2019a or later) to generte plots.</p>
Labelled and unlabelled hand acceleration data captured unobtrusively from PD patients and Healthy Controls
<p>The dataset contains acceleration signals captured in-the-wild via the IMU sensor embedded in modern smartphones, for the purpose of detecting tremorous episodes, related to Parkinson's Disease (PD). It contains two different groups of subjects:</p> <ul> <li>tremor_sdata.pickle --> A group of 45 subjects that have been subjected to neurological examination (the same dataset as https://zenodo.org/record/3519213)</li> <li>tremor_gdata.pickle --> A group of 454 subjects who just self-reported their PD status</li> </ul> <p>All subjects contributed accelerometer data using their personal smartphones, for a period spanning many months. Tri-axial acceleration values were recorded automatically whenever a phone call was realized. The recording lasted for 75 seconds at the most. Each phone call thus resulted in one recorded accelerometer signal, also referred to as session. Each subject contributed a different amount of sessions depending on the number of phone calls they realized during the data collection period as well as their participation time (they were free to drop-out at any time). A detailed description of the capturing process as well as analysis results, can be found in the related research article.</p> <p>The data is presented as a python dictionary, indexed by the subject ids. Each element of the dictionary is a list with the following significance:</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Index</th> <th scope="col">Meaning</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>List of np.arrays, Each array contains the power spectral density for an acceleration segment of 5s duration</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Dictionary, Denotes subject updrs</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>List of str containing a unique identifier of the acceleration session that each segment in the other lists belongs to</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>List of np.arrays, Each array contains the pre-processed acceleration values for a 5s segment</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p><p>The subject updrs is represented as dictionary containing the following tremor-related annotation values (FOR THE FIRST GROUP ONLY):<br> * updrs16: scalar int<br> The value related to tremor as described in item 16 of the part II of the MDS-UPDRS scale, as reported by the subject.</p> <p></p> <p>* updrs20_right: scalar int in range [0, 4]<br> The value related to rest tremor in the right hand as described in item 20 of the part III of the MDS-UPDRS scale, as reported by the attending neurologist.</p> <p>* updrs20_left: scalar int in range [0, 4]<br> Same as above but for left hand.</p> <p>* updrs21_right: scalar int in range [0, 4]<br> The value related to action/postural tremor in the right hand as described in item 21 of the part III of the MDS-UPDRS scale, as reported by the attending neurologist.</p> <p>* updrs21_left: scalar int in range [0, 4]<br> Same as above but for left hand.</p> <p>* sp_expert: scalar int in range [0, 1]<br> A binary tremor annotation created by a group of signal processing experts, upon visually examining the contributed signals in both time and frequency domain and taking into consideration the UDPRS scores of each subject. This was necessary due to the intermittent nature of tremor, as well as a number of considerations related to the in-the-wild nature of the data capturing process. For more details, we refer the reader to the dataset description in the related research article.<br> A '1' value indicates that the subject has tremor.<br> A '0' value indicates that the subject doesn't have tremor.</p> <p>* pd_status: scalar int in range [0, 1]<br> A '1' value indicates that the subject is a PD patient.<br> A '0' value indicates that the subject is a Healthy Control</p> <p>Note: Each annotation value refers to the subject as a whole, and not in any one session.</p>
Data for: Latent functional diversity may accelerate microbial community responses to temperature fluctuations
<p>How complex microbial communities respond to climatic fluctuations remains an open question. Due to their relatively short generation times and high functional diversity, microbial populations harbor great potential to respond as a community through a combination of strain-level phenotypic plasticity, adaptation, and species sorting. However, the relative importance of these mechanisms remains unclear. We conducted a laboratory experiment to investigate the degree to which bacterial communities can respond to changes in environmental temperature through a combination of phenotypic plasticity and species sorting alone. We grew replicate soil communities from a single location at six temperatures between 4°C and 50°C. We found that phylogenetically- and functionally-distinct communities emerge at each of these temperatures, with <em>K</em>-strategist taxa favoured under cooler conditions, and <em>r</em>-strategist taxa under warmer conditions. We show that this dynamic emergence of distinct communities across a wide range of temperatures (in essence, community-level adaptation), is driven by the resuscitation of latent functional diversity: the parent community harbors multiple strains pre-adapted to different temperatures that are able to "switch on" at their preferred temperature without immigration or adaptation. Our findings suggest that microbial community function in nature is likely to respond rapidly to climatic temperature fluctuations through shifts in species composition by resuscitation of latent functional diversity.</p>
Accelerate the Parameterization of Unified Microphysics Across Scales (PUMAS) on the graphics processing unit (GPU) with directive-based methods
<p>Code used to produce results of paper titled "Accelerate the Parameterization of Unified Microphysics Across Scales (PUMAS) on the graphics processing unit (GPU) with directive-based methods" by Sun et al.</p> <p>Includes:</p> <p>- Source code of CAM to perform a CPU or GPU simulation</p> <p>- Source code of PUMAS stand-alone kernel for GPU porting (OpenACC and OpenMP offload), an example batch script for build/run on Casper (NCAR's cluster) and the input dataset</p> <p>- Dataset to reproduce the figures in the paper</p> <p> </p> <p>Contact details: Jian Sun (sunjian@ucar.edu)</p>
Airborne cues accelerate flowering and promote photosynthesis in Brassica rapa
<p>1. Volatile cues can induce and/or prime plant defences, but it is less well known if plants also respond by altering growth and reproduction-related parameters.</p> <p>2. Here we evaluated whether plant volatile cues can elicit changes in growth, flower production, net photosynthesis rate and defences in receiver plants and whether those responses are similar to those elicited in response to direct herbivore-feeding.</p> <p>3. Our results demonstrate that exposure to volatiles emitted from damaged neighbours accelerated the time to first flowering, increased the number of flowers produced and the net photosynthesis rate, but did not alter the fresh harvested plant biomass and volatile defences, compared to non-exposed plants. Earlier flowering was also observed for plants exposed to volatiles from undamaged plants.</p> <p>4. These responses differed from those of plants exposed to actual herbivore-feeding for which feeding enhanced net photosynthesis rate but reduced growth and had no effect on reproduction and defence in response to subsequent herbivory.</p> <p>5. Synthesis. These findings document that plant airborne cues can influence floral traits of receiver plants. In particular, the flower phenology is modulated, and photosynthesis is enhanced, suggesting that carbon allocation could be directed toward reproduction.</p>
Data from: Top-down control of a marine mesopredator: Increase in native white-tailed eagles accelerates the extinction of an endangered seabird population
<p><span>1. </span><span>Bottom-up control is an important regulator of marine mesopredators such as seabirds. The prevalence of top-down control on these species is however less well understood. In particular, how native predators affect seabird populations has rarely been quantified. </span></p> <p><span>2. </span><span>Here, we investigate how an increase in white-tailed eagles in northern Norway, a stronghold for the species, affected a local population of 25,000 pairs of black-legged kittiwakes, a red-listed seabird, during a 42-year period ending with colony extinction. We use a natural experiment of two neighbouring colonies with/without eagle predation to disentangle the effects of eagles from local kittiwake foraging conditions (using size of young herring as a proxy). </span></p> <p><span>3. </span><span>At the colony where eagle predation occurred, and in contrast to the eagle-free colony, kittiwake breeding success and population size declined with increased eagle abundance, the latter more strongly under poor foraging conditions. Breeding success increased with foraging conditions at both colonies. </span></p> <p><span>4. </span><span>Simple population modelling shows that although conditions were insufficient to sustain the eagle-exposed colony, the increased abundance of eagles sped up its extirpation by many years.</span></p> <p><span>5. </span><span>Policy implications</span><span>. Our study shows that top-down effects from avian predators can be significant regulators of seabird populations, challenging their conservation where native, often protected, predators are rising. Such effects, and their possible interaction with other factors, must also be accounted for when using seabird demographic traits as environmental indicators and when developing more flexible and effective management and action plans. </span></p>
Data from: Lipidome modulation by dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation or selective soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition suppresses rough LPS-accelerated glomerulonephritis in lupus-prone mice
<p>Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-accelerated autoimmune glomerulonephritis (GN) in lupus-prone NZBWF1 mice is a preclinical model that is potentially applicable for investigating lipidome-modulating interventions. LPS can be expressed as one of two chemotypes: smooth LPS (S-LPS) and rough LPS (R-LPS) which is devoid of O-antigen polysaccharide sidechain. Since these chemotypes differentially affect TLR4-mediated immune cell responses, these differences may influence GN induction. Therefore, we initially compared the effects of subchronic i.p. injection for 5 wk with 1) <em>Salmonella</em> S-LPS, 2) <em>Salmonella</em> R-LPS, or 3) saline vehicle (VEH) (Study 1) in female NZBWF1 mice. R-LPS induced robust elevations in blood urea nitrogen, proteinuria, and hematuria that were not evident in VEH- or S-LPS-treated mice. Histopathologic examination of R-LPS-treated mice one week after final injection further revealed more robust hypertrophy, hyperplasia, thickened membranes, lymphocytic accumulation containing B and T cells, and glomerular IgG deposition consistent with GN but not in VEH- or S-LPS-treated groups. R-LPS but not S-LPS induced spleen enlargement with lymphoid hyperplasia as well as modest inflammatory cell recruitment in the liver. We next employed our optimized R-LPS model to discern the impact of two lipidome-modulating interventions, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition, on GN (Study 2). Specifically, the effects of consuming the omega-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (10 g/kg diet) and/or the sEH inhibitor TPPU (22.5 mg/kg diet) on R-LPS triggering were compared. Resultant blood fatty acid profiles and epoxy fatty acid concentrations reflected the anticipated DHA- and TPPU-mediated lipidome changes. The relative rank order of R-LPS-induced GN severity among groups fed experimental diets based on proteinuria, hematuria, histopathologic scoring, and glomerular IgG deposition was: VEH/CON < R-LPS/DHA ≈ R-LPS/TPPU <<< R-LPS/ TPPU+DHA ≈ R-LPS/CON. These interventions had modest to negligible effects on R-LPS-induced splenomegaly, plasma antibody responses, liver inflammation, and inflammation-associated kidney gene expression. Collectively, our results show for the first time that absence of O-antigenic polysaccharide in R-LPS is critical to accelerated GN in lupus-prone mice. Furthermore, intervention by lipidome modulation through DHA feeding or sEH inhibition suppressed R-LPS-induced GN; however, these ameliorative effects were greatly diminished upon combining the treatments.</p>
Systematic review of reconstruction techniques for accelerated quantitative MRI
<p>The complete list of the papers that were selected in the categorization phase of the review "Systematic review of reconstruction techniques for accelerated quantitative MRI", in combination with the properties that describe them.</p>
Data of electron acceleration simulation
<p>These output data is save as the mat file of Matlab. The '.m' files are the codes for displaying the output data.</p>
Potential for shoreline recession to accelerate discharge of groundwater pollutants to coastal waters
<p>Included in this repository are supporting field data used to produce the results of the manuscript submitted to Water Resources Research:</p> <p>Sabina Rakhimbekova, Christopher Power, Denis M. O’Carroll, Clare E. Robinson, (2023) "<strong>Potential for shoreline recession to accelerate discharge of groundwater pollutants to coastal waters"</strong></p>
The Timed Epstein Multi-Pressure Vessel at Low Accelerations
<p> </p> <p>Pressure and Multimeter data used to create figures 7 and 8 in the publication Rev. Sci. Instrum, 93, 00000 (2022) doi : 10.1063/5.0087030</p>
Urbanization can accelerate climate change by increasing soil N2O emission while reducing CH4 uptake
<p><span>Urban land use change has the potential to affect local to </span><span>global biogeochemical carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes</span><span>. We conducted a meta-analysis to 1) assess the effects of urbanization-induced land-use conversion on soil nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) fluxes, 2) quantify direct </span><span>N<sub>2</sub>O</span><span> emission factors (EF<sub>d</sub>) of fertilized urban soils used e.g., as lawns or forests, and 3) identify the key drivers leading to flux changes associated with urbanization. On average, urbanization increases soil </span><span>N<sub>2</sub>O</span><span> emissions by 153%, to 3.0 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>, while rates of soil CH4 uptake are reduced by 50%, to 2.0 kg C </span><span>ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup></span><span>. The mean annual </span><span>N<sub>2</sub>O</span> <span>EF<sub>d</sub></span><span> of fertilized lawns and urban forests is 1.4%, suggesting that urban soils can be regional hotspots of </span><span>N<sub>2</sub>O</span><span> emissions. On a global basis, conversion of land to urban greenspaces has increased soil </span><span>N<sub>2</sub>O</span><span> emission by 0.46 Tg </span><span>N<sub>2</sub>O</span><span>-N yr<sup>-1</sup> and decreased soil </span><span>CH<sub>4</sub></span><span> uptake by 0.58 Tg </span><span>CH<sub>4</sub></span><span>-C yr<sup>-1</sup>. Urbanization-driven changes in soil </span><span>N<sub>2</sub>O</span><span> emission and CH4 uptake are associated with changes in soil properties (bulk density, pH, total N content and C/N ratio), increased temperature, and management practices, especially fertilizer use. Overall, our meta-analysis shows that urbanization increases soil </span><span>N<sub>2</sub>O</span><span> emissions and reduces the role of soils as a sink for atmospheric </span><span>CH<sub>4</sub></span><span>. These effects can be mitigated by avoiding soil compaction, reducing fertilization of lawns, and restoring native ecosystems in urban landscapes.</span></p>
Data for: Gene flow accelerates adaptation to a parasite
<p>Gene flow into populations can increase additive genetic variation and introduce novel beneficial alleles, thus facilitating adaptation. However, gene flow may also impede adaptation by disrupting beneficial genotypes, introducing deleterious alleles, or creating novel dominant negative interactions. While theory and fieldwork have provided insight as to the effects of gene flow, direct experimental tests are rare. Here, we evaluated the effects of gene flow on adaptation in the nematode <em>Caenorhabditis</em> <em>elegans</em> during exposure to the bacterial parasite <em>Serratia</em> <em>marcescens</em>. We evolved hosts against non-evolving parasites for ten passages while controlling host gene flow and source population. We used source nematode populations with three different genetic backgrounds (one similar to the sink population and two different) and two evolutionary histories (previously adapted to <em>S. marcescens</em> or naïve). We found that populations with gene flow exhibited greater increases in parasite resistance than those without gene flow. Additionally, gene flow from adapted populations resulted in greater increases in resistance than gene flow from naïve populations, particularly with gene flow from novel genetic backgrounds. Overall, this work demonstrates that gene flow can facilitate adaptation and suggests that the genetic architecture and evolutionary history of source populations can alter the sink population's response to selection.</p>
Mid-Miocene Acceleration of Strike-slip Deformation in The Tian Shan, Central Asia
<p>This is a repository containing thermochronology data and corresponding references used in the exhumation rate inversion in the manuscript: Wang, S., Jiao, R., Zhang, H., Zhang, J., Pang, J., (2023) Mid-Miocene Acceleration of Strike-slip Deformation in The Tian Shan, Central Asia. Send questions to siyuwang@uvic.ca.</p>
The underlying radial acceleration relation -- supplementary data
<p>Supplementary data and plots associated with "The underlying radial acceleration relation", Desmond (2023). See the README for further information.</p>
Tail-Wave-Assisted Positron Acceleration in Nonlinear Laser Plasma Wakefields
<p>The data and vector diagrams of the results of positron trapping and acceleration when the initial parameters are modified.</p>
Acceleration of Diels-Alder reactions by mechanical distortion
<p>Challenges in quantifying how force affects bond formation have hindered the widespread adoption of mechanochemistry. Here, parallel tip-based methods are used to determine reaction rates, activation energies, and activation volumes of force-accelerated [4+2] Diels-Alder cycloadditions between surface-immobilized anthracene and four dienophiles that differ in electronic and steric demand. The rate dependences on pressure are unexpectedly strong, and significant differences are observed between the dienophiles. Multiscale modeling demonstrates that, in proximity to a surface, mechanochemical trajectories ensue that are distinct from those observed solvothermally or under hydrostatic pressure. These results provide a framework for anticipating how experimental geometry, molecular confinement, and directed force contribute to mechanochemical kinetics.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.