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Fig. 7 in Sarcoelegans A-H, eight undescribed cembranes with anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities from the South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton elegans

Fig. 7. Anti-thrombotic assays of compounds 2–3. (A) Images of staining intensity of erythrocytes in heart in arachidonic acid (AA)-induced thrombus in zebrafish, treated with sarcoelegans B–C (2–3), using aspirin as positive control. (B) Quantitative analysis of staining intensity of erythrocytes in heart in zebrafish treated with sarcoelegans B–C (2–3) in zebrafish. (C) Images of area of caudal vein thrombosis in arachidonic acid (AA)-induced thrombus in zebrafish, treated with sarcoelegans B–C (2–3), using aspirin as positive control. (D) Quantitative analysis of area of caudal vein thrombosis in zebrafish treated with sarcoelegans B–C (2–3) in zebrafish. #### Indicates that the arachidonic acid model group has a very significant difference compared with the control group (P <0.01). ** indicate that sample groups have significant differences compared with the arachidonic acid model group (P <0.01).

Fig. 4 in Sarcoelegans A-H, eight undescribed cembranes with anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities from the South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton elegans

Fig. 4. ORTEP drawing of compounds 1, 4, 6, and 8. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability.

Fig. 6. Linear correlation plots between the experimental and calculated 13C in Structurally diverse alkaloids with nine frameworks from Zephyranthes candida and their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activities

Fig. 6. Linear correlation plots between the experimental and calculated 13C NMR data for two isomers of 2.

Fig. 4 in Structurally diverse alkaloids with nine frameworks from Zephyranthes candida and their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activities

Fig. 4. Experimental and calculated ECD spectra of zephyranines A (1) and B (2) and their enantiomers.

Fig. 3. Linear correlation plots between the experimental and calculated 13C in Structurally diverse alkaloids with nine frameworks from Zephyranthes candida and their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activities

Fig. 3. Linear correlation plots between the experimental and calculated 13C NMR data for four isomers of 1.

Fig. 10 in Structurally diverse alkaloids with nine frameworks from Zephyranthes candida and their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activities

Fig. 10. The binding modes of 1 (A), 7 (B), 8 (C), and galanthamine (D) with AChE (PDB ID: 4M0E). The hydrogen bonds are indicated by red dashed lines. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 8 in Structurally diverse alkaloids with nine frameworks from Zephyranthes candida and their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activities

Fig. 8. Experimental ECD spectra of zephyranines G–I (7–9), 6-O-ethylnerinine (10) and the calculated ECD spectra of zephyranine G (7), the aglycone of zephyranine H (8), zephyranine I (9), 6-O-ethylnerinine (10), and their enantiomers.

Fig. 6 in Sarcoelegans A-H, eight undescribed cembranes with anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities from the South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton elegans

Fig. 6. Anti-inflammatory assays of compounds 1–8. (A) Images of inflammatory sites in CuSO4-induced transgenic fluorescent zebrafish (Tg:zlyz-EGFP) expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) treated with sarcoelegans A–H (1–8), using indomethacin as positive control. (B) Quantitative analysis of macrophages in the region of inflammatory sites in zebrafish treated with sarcoelegans A–H (1–8) in zebrafish at 20 μM #### Indicates that the CuSO4 model group has a very significant difference compared with the control group (P <0.01). ** indicate that sample groups have significant differences compared with the CuSO4 model group (P <0.01). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 7 in Structurally diverse alkaloids with nine frameworks from Zephyranthes candida and their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activities

Fig. 7. Experimental and calculated ECD spectra of zephyranines C F (3–6), isolated as mixtures of respective 6-epimers (d. r. 75: 25), and their enantiomers.

Fig. 5 in Coumarin derivatives from the leaves and twigs of Murraya exotica L. and their anti-inflammatory activities

Fig. 5. Mo2(OAc)4-induced ECD spectrum of 7 and Newman projection of the diol moiety of 7, with the helicity rule applied.

Fig. 5 in Anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of ellagitannin isolated from Melaleuca styphelioides

Fig. 5. Molecular docking binding model of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) with 1, its stereoisomer, related derivative and elastase inhibitors, (A) 1R; (B) 1S; (C) rhoipteleanin H; (D) HNE inhibitor GW475151 and (E) HNE inhibitor sivelestat. (Left panel) The ligand (sticks) is positioned according to the best binding interaction with HNE. Green dash lines are representing the hydrogen bonds between ligands and corresponding amino acids of the HNE active site. (Right panel) The main residues contributing to the binding are indicated by the respective amino acids three-letter abbreviations and number. Residues and dash lines in green, classical hydrogen bonding; yellow, carbon-hydrogen bonding; purple, hydrophobic bonding. Blue cloud represents solvent accessibility. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 4 in Anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of ellagitannin isolated from Melaleuca styphelioides

Fig. 4. Styphelioidin (1) inhibits the enzymatic activity of human neutrophil elastase in the cell-free system. Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) was incubated with 1 or DMSO (control) for 15 min. Elastase activity was measured spectrophotometrically at 405 nm. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 3). ***p <0.001 compared with the control (HNE only).

Fig. 2 in Anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of ellagitannin isolated from Melaleuca styphelioides

Fig. 2. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of 1. Effect of the pretreatment with 1 (25, 50, and 100 μM) and silymarin (25, 50, and 100 μg/ml) on the ALT, AST GSH, SOD, and MDA levels in HepG2 cells challenged with CCl4. Data were expressed as the means ± SEM (n = 3). The experiment was done in triplicate. ***P <0.001; significantly different compared to the CCl -treated group. ##P <0.01 and ###P <0.001; significantly different compared to the normal control 4 group. $$$P <0.001; significantly different compared to the silymarin-treated groups.

Fig. 3 in Anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of ellagitannin isolated from Melaleuca styphelioides

Fig. 3. The effects of 1 on degranulation and viability in human neutrophils. (A) 1 inhibits elastase release in fMLF/CB-induced human neutrophils. Human neutrophils were incubated with 1 or DMSO (control) 5 min and stimulated by fMLF in the presence of CB for another 10 min. Elastase release was measured spectrophotometrically at 405 nm. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 3). *p <0.05; **p <0.01 compared with the control (fMLF/CB only). (B) Human neutrophils were incubated with DMSO or 1 for 15 min. LDH release was expressed as the percentage of enzyme released by treatment compared with control (DMSO). The analysis was performed by using enzyme-associated immunosorbent assay and read at 490 nm. All data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 3).

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Fig. 2 in Sesquiterpenoids from the roots of Daphne genkwa Siebold et Zucc. With potential anti-inflammatory activity

Fig. 2. Key HMBC correlations of compounds 1–3, 5–7 and the 1 H– 1 H COSY correlations of compounds 1 and 3.

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Fig. 6 in Sesquiterpenoids from the roots of Daphne genkwa Siebold et Zucc. With potential anti-inflammatory activity

Fig. 6. (A) NMR calculation results of plausible stereoisomers at the B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p) level in CDCl. Linear correlation plots of calculated vs experimental 13C 3 NMR chemical shift values for four plausible epimers (7a-7d). (B) DP4+ analysis of 1 H and 13 C NMR chemical shifts for 7. (C) Experimental and calculated ECD spectra of compound 7.

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Fig. 1 in Anti-inflammatory alkaloids from the root bark of Hernandia nymphaeifolia

Fig. 1. The chemical structures of previously undescribed compounds 1–4 isolated from H. nymphaeifolia.

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Fig. 3 in Salicornolides A-C from Gracilaria salicornia attenuate pro-inflammatory 5- lipoxygense: Prospective natural anti-inflammatory leads

Fig. 3. Putative antioxidative mechanism of salicornolides A-C in the DPPH free radical model system.

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Fig. 1 in Salicornolides A-C from Gracilaria salicornia attenuate pro-inflammatory 5- lipoxygense: Prospective natural anti-inflammatory leads

Fig. 1. Structural representations of salicornolides A-C derived from the organic extract of G. salicornia.