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967 results for “cerrado”
Figure 4 in Community structure and specialization in fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) in a region of Cerrado
Figure 4 Histograms comparing the index values obtained in null models with the observed values (dashed lines). HL = higher level (wasps); LL = lower level (plants); † null models for connectance obtained using Patefield algorithm.
Figure 1 in Community structure and specialization in fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) in a region of Cerrado
Figure 1 Map showing sampling localities and crops (reproductive episodes) from fig trees sampled in this study. The inset map shows the location of the sampling sites within Brazil and the state of Goiás, also highlighting the Cerrado. Points were jittered to facilitate visualization.
Fig. 1 in Isolation and molecular characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis found in soils of the Cerrado region of Brazil, and their toxicity to Aedes aegypti larvae
Fig. 1. SDS-PAGE protein profiles of the Bacillus thuringiensis isolates most toxic to Aedes aegypti larvae. MM, molecular weight marker (kDa); Bti, Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis; 25–560, Bacillus thuringiensis isolates.
Figure 2 in Could Fidicina mannifera (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Fidicinini) promote a resource pulse in two Brazilian Cerrado vegetation classes?
Figure 2. Profile of lipids (mg g–1) in adult males and females of F. mannifera along emerging period, collected on the Agroecological Technology Center for Small Farmers (AGROTEC), Diorama, Goiás. Open diamonds demonstrate the amount of lipids present in females.
Figure 3 in Could Fidicina mannifera (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Fidicinini) promote a resource pulse in two Brazilian Cerrado vegetation classes?
Figure 3. Precipitation (mm) for the months sampled in 2013 in the areas of cerrado woodland (closed symbol) and gallery forest (open symbol) in the Agroecological Technology Center for Small Farmers (AGROTEC), Diorama, GO, Brazil.
Figure 1 in Could Fidicina mannifera (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Fidicinini) promote a resource pulse in two Brazilian Cerrado vegetation classes?
Figure 1. Proteins (mg g–1) in adult males and females of F. mannifera along the emerging period, collected on the Agroecological Technology Center for Small Farmers (AGROTEC), Diorama, Goiás. Open diamonds show the amount of protein present in females.
The relative influence of catchment and site variables on fish and macroinvertebrate richness in Cerrado biome streams. Supplemental Materials Table SM2
<p>Table SM2. Environmental variable descriptions (mean, standard deviation and transformation applied) and<br> relationships with assemblage richness across all 80 sites</p>
Data from: The diversity of post-fire regeneration strategies in the cerrado ground layer
<p>1. Disentangling species strategies that confer resilience to natural disturbances is key to conserving and restoring savanna ecosystems. Fire is a recurrent disturbance in savannas, and savanna vegetation is highly adapted to, and often dependent on fire. However, although the woody component of tropical savannas is well studied, we still do not understand how ground-layer plant communities respond to fire, limiting conservation and management actions.</p> <p>2. We investigated the effects of prescribed fire on community structure and composition, and evaluated which traits are involved in plant community regeneration after fire in the cerrado ground layer. We assessed traits related to species persistence and colonization capacity after fire, including resprouter type, underground structure, fire-induced flowering, regeneration strategy and growth form. We searched for functional groups related to response to fire, to shed light on the main strategies of post-fire recovery among species in the ground layer.</p> <p>3. Fire changed ground-layer community structure and composition in the short term, leading to greater plant species richness, population densities, and increasing bare soil, compared with unburned communities. Eight months after fire, species abundance did not differ from pre-disturbance values for 86% of the species, demonstrating the resilience of this layer to fire. Only one ruderal species was disadvantaged by fire and 13% of the species benefited. Rapid recovery of soil cover by native vegetation in burned areas was driven by species with high capacity to resprout and spread vegetatively. Recovery of the savanna ground-layer community, as a whole, resulted from a combination of different species traits. We summarized these traits into five large groups, encompassing key strategies involved in ground layer regeneration after fire.</p> <p>Synthesis: Fire dramatically changes the ground layer of savanna vegetation in the short term, but the system is highly resilient, quickly recovering the pre-fire state. Recovery involves different strategies, which we categorized into five functional groups of plant species: grasses, seeders, bloomers, undergrounders, and resprouters. Knowledge of these diverse strategies should be used as a tool to assess conservation and restoration status of fire-resilient ecosystems in the cerrado.</p>
Figure 2 in Biotic components of dung beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Pantanal - Cerrado Border and its implications for Chaco regionalization
Figure 2. Continued.
Figure 2 in Biotic components of dung beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Pantanal - Cerrado Border and its implications for Chaco regionalization
Figure 2. Continued.
Data from: Isolation by instability: historical climate change shapes population structure and genomic divergence of treefrogs in the Neotropical Cerrado savanna
Although the impact of Pleistocene glacial cycles on the diversification of the tropical biota was once dismissed, increasing evidence suggests that Pleistocene climatic fluctuations greatly affected the distribution and population divergence of tropical organisms. Landscape genomic analyses coupled with paleoclimatic distribution models provide a powerful way to understand the consequences of past climate changes on the present-day tropical biota. Using genome-wide SNP data and mitochondrial DNA, combined with projections of the species distribution across the late Quaternary until the present, we evaluate the effect of paleoclimatic shifts on the genetic structure and population differentiation of Hypsiboas lundii, a treefrog endemic to the South American Cerrado savanna. Our results show a recent and strong genetic divergence in H. lundii across the Cerrado landscape, yielding four genetic clusters that do not seem congruent with any current physical barrier to gene flow. Isolation by distance (IBD) explains some of the population differentiation, but we also find strong support for past climate changes promoting range shifts and structuring populations even in the presence of IBD. Post Pleistocene population persistence in four main areas of historical stable climate in the Cerrado seems to have played a major role establishing the present genetic structure of this treefrog. This pattern is consistent with a model of reduced gene-flow in areas with high climatic instability promoting isolation of populations, defined here as "isolation by instability", highlighting the effects of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations structuring populations in tropical savannas.
Figure 1 in Bird checklist and contributions to conservation of the Atlantic forest-cerrado ecotone in Três Lagoas municipality, Brazil
Figure 1. Três Lagoas Municipality map, Atlantic forest-cerrado ecotone and survey and localities (1-31).
Data from: Effects of grass functional diversity on invasion success by exotic grasses in Cerrado grasslands
<ol> <li>Invasive species pose significant challenges to successful restoration efforts worldwide. A strategy to reduce invasions is to establish communities consisting of species with varied ecological strategies. These strategies typically align along the conservative and plant size axes, and more recently, along a belowground collaboration axis. However, we lack understanding of how the diverse ecological strategies of Cerrado grass species, their combinations, and their interactions with soil conditions can mitigate invasions.</li> <li>Here, we investigated how native grass communities composed of species with different ecological strategies affect the invasion success in two soil types of abandoned pastures in the Cerrado. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that greater above- and belowground functional diversity reduces exotic species invasion. We also evaluated whether the isolated effects of native species on invasion were positive or negative.</li> <li>We installed an experiment with species richness ranging from zero to eight native grass species. In November 2019, we sowed species combinations to create communities composed by species with different ecological strategies. We quantified the aboveground biomass of exotic species as a measure of invasion. To characterize the species' ecological strategies, we measured five functional traits.</li> <li>Functional diversity of maximum height and specific root length (SRL) had the highest predictive power, however, the most parsimonious model included only SRL diversity, which represents the collaboration axis. Native aboveground biomass was also negatively related to exotic species biomass. Furthermore, invasion was greater in less stressful soil conditions but did not interact with diversity. The effect of native species varied from facilitation to competition, with the annual fast-growing native species favouring invasion.</li> <li> <em>Synthesis and applications</em>. Our results show that greater functional diversity of combined above- and belowground traits reduces invasion success, shedding light on an underexplored role of SRL diversity. The competitive and facilitative effects of different native species highlight the need for careful selection of the species to be used in restoration programs. Furthermore, the absence of interaction between diversity and soil types highlights the need for an integrated management of the functional composition and edaphic factors to increase resistance to invasion in these Neotropical grass communities.</li> </ol>
Figure 4 in Diversity of insect galls in veredas of the Brazilian Cerrado in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Figure 4. Galls found in four veredas types in the in the Northern region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. (25) Andira vermifuga (lenticular-leaf); (26) Bauhinia forficata (lenticular-leaf); (27-28) Copaifera langsdorffii: (27) lenticular-leaf, (28) cylindrical-leaf); (29-34) Copaifera oblongifolia: (29) lenticular-leaf, (30) globoid-leaf, (31) cup-leaf, (32) lenticular-stem, (33) globoid-stem, (34) lenticular-leaf; (35) Dimorphandra mollis (lenticular-leaf); (36-37) Machaerium opacum: (36) lenticular-leaf, (37) lenticular-leaf; (38) Senna occidentalis (globoid-leaf); (39) Bowdichia sp. (lenticular-leaf); (40) Mimosa sp. (lenticular-fruit); (41) Poecilanthe sp. (lenticular-leaf); (42-43) Fabaceae sp.: (42) lenticular-leaf, (43) cylindrical-leaf); (44) Lafoensia pacari (lenticular-leaf); (45-46) Banisteriopsis campestris: (45) globoid-leaf, (46) lenticular-leaf); (47) Byrsonima subterranea (conical-leaf); (48) Byrsonima verbascifolia (globoid-leaf).
Figure 3 in Diversity of insect galls in veredas of the Brazilian Cerrado in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Figure 3. Galls found in four veredas types in the in the Northern region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. (1-4) Anacardium humile: (1) lenticular-leaf, (2) globoid-leaf, (3) fusiform-leaf, (4) lenticular-leaf); (5) Anacardiaceae sp. (conical-leaf), (6) Annona coriacea (lenticular-leaf), (7) Xylopia aromatica (lenticular-leaf), (8) Arracacia xanthorrhiza (clavate-leaf), (9) Asteraceae sp. (lenticular-leaf), (10-11) Kielmeyera coriacea: (10) globoid-leaf, (11) lenticular-leaf); (12-13) Kielmeyera sp.: (12) lenticular-leaf, (13) fusiform-leaf; (14-15) Caryocar Brasiliense: (14) globoid-leaf, (15) lenticular-leaf); (16) Hirtella glandulosa (lenticular-leaf); (17) Terminalia corrugata (globoid-leaf); (18) Terminalia fagifolia (conical-leaf); (19) Connarus suberosus (lenticular-leaf), (20) Curatella americana (lenticular-leaf); (21) Davilla elliptica (lenticular-leaf); (22) Manihot sp. (lenticular-leaf); (23-24) Andira vermifuge: (23) globoid-leaf, (24) amorphous-leaf.
Figure 5 in Diversity of insect galls in veredas of the Brazilian Cerrado in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Figure 5. Galls found in four veredas types in the in the Northern region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. (49) Heteropterys byrsonimifolia (fusiform-leaf); (50-52) Byrsonima sp.: (50) globoid-stem, (51) conical-leaf, (52) globoid-leaf); (53) Peixotoa sp. (lenticular-leaf); (54) Malpighiaceae sp. (lenticular-leaf); (55) Macairea radula (globoid-stem); (56-57) Miconia albicans: (56) lenticular-leaf, (57) lenticular-leaf); (58) Tibouchina sp. (lenticular-leaf); (59) Eugenia dysenterica (lenticular-leaf); (60) Guapira opposita (lenticular-leaf); (61) Ouratea hexasperma (lenticular-leaf); (62-63) Ouratea sp.: (62) lenticular-leaf, (63) globoid-leaf); (64-66) Agonandra brasiliensis: (64) globoid-stem, (65) lenticular-leaf, (66) globoid-stem); (67-68) Serjania sp.: (67) lenticular-leaf, (68) fusiform-leaf); (69) Pouteria sp. (lenticular-leaf); (70) Qualea grandiflora (globoid-leaf); (71-72) Qualea parviflora: (71) lenticular-leaf, (72) lenticular-leaf); (73) Vochysia rufa (lenticular-leaf); (74) Vochysia tucanorum (lenticular-leaf); (75) Vochysia sp. (lenticular-leaf).
Figure 1 in Diversity of insect galls in veredas of the Brazilian Cerrado in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Figure 1. Location of the four vereda areas sampled in the Northern region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Codes indicates Vereda das Pedras (VPed) and Vereda da Tiririca (VT) located at the RPPN Porto Cajueiro in the Cochá e Gibão Environmental Protection Area; Vereda da Almescla (VA), located in the Rio Pandeiros Environmental Protection Area, and Vereda do Peruaçu (VPer), situated in the Veredas do Peruaçu State Park.
Figure 1 in Differences in the soil seed bank of a mining area and its surroundings: a case study inserted in the Cerrado domain
Figure 1. Location of Vazante city and study area, northwest of Minas Gerais state, Brazil.
Low-intensity cattle grazing is better than cattle exclusion to drive secondary savannas towards the features of native Cerrado vegetation
<p><span>Although livestock have been historically associated with land conversion and biodiversity loss, well-managed cattle grazing has been reported to contribute to conservation of open ecosystems. Knowing the balance between positive and negative effects of livestock (presence or exclusion) on different ecosystems is, therefore, crucial to support management decisions. </span><span>We conducted an experiment </span><span>in a secondary savanna with exotic grasses, used as pasture, to assess the effect of cattle presence in low density and cattle exclusion (in paired plots) on the trajectory of these ecosystems. Richness, composition and structure of the woody community, and exotic grass cover and biomass were compared between treatments in the beginning of the experiment and after seven years. At the end of the experiment, we also compared composition, richness, and density of the native ground layer. We verified that (a) cattle exclusion accelerates the undesirable woody encroachment, changes the species composition and leads to huge grass fuel accumulation, while (b) cattle grazing/browsing hinders changes in savanna structure and composition and reduces the exotic grass cover and biomass, thus favoring native herbaceous plants. By decreasing the grass biomass, cattle grazing also reduces the system flammability and, therefore, the risk and intensity of wildfires. Together, the positive effects of cattle presence and the negative effects of cattle exclusion lead to the conclusion that cattle should be maintained in these systems. Low-intensity cattle grazing limits woody and exotic grass invasion, improves native forb biodiversity, and help maintain </span><span>composition and structural features of secondary savannas of the Cerrado.</span></p>
Data from: Variations in bark structural properties affect both water loss and carbon economics in neotropical savanna trees in the Cerrado region of Brazil
<p><span>Even after complete stomatal closure, plants lose water through the leaf cuticles and bark. This residual water conductance of leaves (g<sub>leaf-res</sub>) and stems (g<sub>bark</sub>) can negatively impact plant water balance and affect plant survival in seasonally dry environments. However, little is known about the costs and benefits associated with such water leaks, especially on stem level. </span></p> <p><span>Here, we characterized the structural and functional determinants of the variability in g<sub>bark</sub> across tropical savanna species to elucidate how variations in this trait are related to contrasting growth strategies. </span></p> <p><span>The high variability in g<sub>bark</sub> across species was associated with morphoantomical properties of the outer bark (thickness, density, and lenticel investment), and such characteristics influenced both stem transpiration and respiration, suggesting the existence of a trade-off between water conservation and oxygen permeability, which reflected contrasting growth and dehydration tolerance strategies</span><span>. For instance, species with higher g<sub>bark</sub> and g<sub>leaf-res</sub> presented a fast resource acquisition strategy but were more prone to drought-induced mortality by hydraulic failure. However, model simulations revealed that the relative contribution of g<sub>leaf-res</sub> and g<sub>bark</sub> to overall water balance depended on whether leaves were less or more resistant to cavitation than the stems. </span></p> <p><span>Synthesis. By combining correlative studies, experimental results, and a modeling exercise, we provide a new understanding of the costs and benefits associated with the variability in g<sub>bark</sub> across tropical savanna species, and a new perspective for studies of water relations and carbon economics in species from a hyperdiverse savanna. </span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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