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445 results for “data constraint”
Data release: "The metallicity dependence and evolutionary times of merging binary black holes: Combined constraints from individual gravitational-wave detections and the stochastic background"
<p>This data release contains the data to reproduce the results of "<strong>The metallicity dependence and evolutionary times of merging binary black holes: Combined constraints from individual gravitational-wave detections and the stochastic background</strong>" (<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.17625">arXiv:2310.17625</a>, published version <a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3d5c">here</a>).</p> <p>The code that was used to generate this data can be found on <a href="https://github.com/kevinturbang/bbh_gwb_time_delay_inference">this GitHub repository</a>. Jupyter notebooks to reproduce the figures of the paper are also included, and can be found <a href="https://github.com/kevinturbang/bbh_gwb_time_delay_inference/tree/main/figures">here</a>.</p>
Data for: More than what they eat: Uncoupled biophysical constraints underlie geographic patterns of herbivory
<p>Data used in Lynn et al. 2022 at Ecography. The first dataset contains data from published studies used for the main analyses of the paper. The second dataset is from Lynn and Fridley 2019 in Journal of Plant Ecology used for figure 3. The abstract from the paper is:</p> <p><span>Herbivory rates have classically been hypothesized to decrease from the tropics towards higher latitudes because the more benign abiotic conditions in tropical systems foster greater ecosystem complexity including greater intensity of biotic interactions. However, attempts to quantify latitudinal patterns of herbivory often fail to support this hypothesis. While biases have been offered as explanations for null results, here, we argue that framing the question of latitudinal variation in herbivory around nutrient and energetic constraints of insect herbivores and plants may provide mechanistic explanations of latitudinal herbivory patterns. As a case study, we focused on sodium as an uncoupled nutrient between herbivore and plant communities: sodium is a key limiting micronutrient for herbivore neural and muscular development while present at orders of magnitude lower concentrations in plants. We compared sodium deposition with latitude, mean annual temperature (MAT), and actual evapotranspiration (measure of primary productivity; AET) in their ability to predict consumed percentage leaf area from published datasets. Leaf percent herbivory increased with sodium deposition and MAT and decreased with latitude but was unrelated to AET. Sodium had comparable effect size and predictive ability to either MAT or latitude. Additionally, herbivory was highest in locales with both high sodium deposition and high MAT. Our hypothesis that geographic variation in herbivory is driven by an interaction of unrestrictive temperature environments (high MAT) and limiting nutrient supply to herbivores (high sodium deposition) was strongly supported. We propose that greater generality, predictability, and theoretical development on geographic variation in herbivory will arise from a refocus on the biophysical constraints (e.g., productivity, micronutrient availability, leaf mass consumed) that ultimately control consumer interactions rather than latitude <em>per se</em>. This refocus is likely to open new hypotheses for the evolution of defense syndromes across plant populations and communities based on the specific geography of limiting nutrients.</span></p>
Retrieving Data Constraint Implementations Using Fine-Grained Code Patterns
<p>Business rules are an important part of the requirements of software systems that are meant to support an organization. These rules describe the operations, definitions, and constraints that apply to the organization. Within the software system, business rules are often translated into constraints on the values that are required or allowed for data, called data constraints. Business rules are subject to frequent changes, which in turn require changes to the corresponding data constraints in the software. The ability to efficiently and precisely identify where data constraints are implemented in the source code is essential for performing such necessary changes.</p> <p>In this paper, we introduce Lasso, the first technique that automatically retrieves the method and line of code where a given data constraint is enforced. Lasso is based on traceability link recovery approaches and leverages results from recent research that identified line-of-code level implementation patterns for data constraints. We implement three versions of Lasso that can retrieve data constraint implementations when they are implemented with any one of 13 frequently occurring patterns. We evaluate the three versions on a set of 299 data constraints from 15 real-world Java systems, and find that they improve method-level link recovery by 30%, 70%, and 163%, in terms of true positives within the first 10 results, compared to their text-retrieval-based baseline. More importantly, the Lasso variants correctly identify the line of code implementing the constraint inside the methods for 68% of the 299 constraints.</p>
Data from: Genetic analysis of life-history constraint and evolution in a wild ungulate population
Trade-offs among life-history traits are central to evolutionary theory. In quantitative genetic terms, trade-offs may be manifested as negative genetic covariances relative to the direction of selection on phenotypic traits. Although the expression and selection of ecologically important phenotypic variation are fundamentally multivariate phenomena, the in situ quantification of genetic covariances is challenging. Even for life-history traits, where well-developed theory exists with which to relate phenotypic variation to fitness variation, little evidence exists from in situ studies that negative genetic covariances are an important aspect of the genetic architecture of life-history traits. In fact, the majority of reported estimates of genetic covariances among life-history traits are positive. Here we apply theory of the genetics and selection of life histories in organisms with complex life cycles to provide a framework for quantifying the contribution of multivariate genetically based relationships among traits to evolutionary constraint. We use a Bayesian framework to link pedigree-based inference of the genetic basis of variation in life-history traits to evolutionary demography theory regarding how life histories are selected. Our results suggest that genetic covariances may be acting to constrain the evolution of female life-history traits in a wild population of red deer Cervus elaphus: genetic covariances are estimated to reduce the rate of adaptation by about 40%, relative to predicted evolutionary change in the absence of genetic covariances. Furthermore, multivariate phenotypic (rather than genetic) relationships among female life-history traits do not reveal this constraint.
Elemental and S isotopic composition data for "Sulfur isotopic fractionation of the youngest Chang'e-5 basalts: Constraints on the magma degassing and geochemical features of the mantle source"
<p>Data for "Sulfur isotopic fractionation of the youngest Chang'e-5 basalts: Constraints on the magma degassing and geochemical features of the mantle source".</p>
Data underlying the publication: Callisto's atmosphere: First evidence for H2 and constraints on H2O
<p>We explore the parameter space for the contribution to Callisto's H corona observed by the Hubble Space Telescope (Roth et al. 2017a) from sublimated H<sub>2</sub>O and radiolytically produced H<sub>2</sub> using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. The spatial morphology of this corona produced via photo- and magnetospheric electron impact-induced dissociation is described by tracking the motion of and simulating collisions between the hot H atoms and thermal molecules including a near-surface O<sub>2</sub> component. Our results indicate that sublimated H<sub>2</sub>O produced from the surface ice, whether assumed to be intimately mixed with or distinctly segregated from the dark non-ice or ice-poor regolith, cannot explain the observed structure of the H corona. On the other hand, a global H<sub>2</sub> component can reproduce the observation, and is also consistent with enhanced electron densities observed at high altitudes by <em>Galileo</em>'s plasma-wave instrument (Gurnett et al. 1997, 2000), providing the first evidence of H<sub>2</sub> in Callisto's atmosphere. The range of H<sub>2</sub> surface densities explored, under a variety of conditions, that are consistent with these observations is ∼(0.4-1)×10<sup>8</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>. The simulated H<sub>2</sub> escape rates and estimated lifetimes suggest that Callisto has a neutral H<sub>2</sub> torus. We also place a rough upper limit on the peak H<sub>2</sub>O number density (<∼10<sup>8</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>), column density (<∼10<sup>15</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>), and sublimation flux (<∼10<sup>12</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>), all of which are 1-2 orders of magnitude less than that assumed in previous models. Finally, we discuss the implications of these results, as well as how they compare to Europa and Ganymede.</p>
Data for "Crustal Structure Constraints From the Detection of the SsPp Phase on Mars"
<p>This file contains the event data for eight marsquakes used in the paper entilted "Crustal Structure Constraints From the Detection of the SsPp Phase on Mars" for publication in Earth and Space Science.</p>
Data from: Sexual selection, feather wear, and time constraints on the pre-basic molt explain the acquisition of the pre-alternate molt in European passerines
<p><span>Avian feathers need to be replaced periodically to fulfill their functions, with natural, social, and sexual selection presumably driving the evolution of molting strategies. In temperate birds, a common pattern is to molt feathers immediately after the breeding season, the pre-basic molt. However, some species undergo another molt in winter-spring, the pre-alternate molt. Using a sample of 188 European passerine species, Bayesian phylogenetic mixed models, and correlated evolution analyses, we tested whether the occurrence of the pre-alternate molt was positively associated with proxies for sexual selection (sexual selection hypothesis) and non-sexual social selection (social selection hypothesis) and with factors related to feather wear (feather wear hypothesis) and time constraints on the pre-basic molt (time constraints hypothesis). We found that the pre-alternate molt was more frequent in migratory and less gregarious species inhabiting open/xeric habitats and feeding on the wing, and marginally more frequent in species with strong sexual selection and those showing a winter territorial behavior. Moreover, an increase in migratory behavior and sexual selection intensity preceded the acquisition of the pre-alternate molt. These results provide support for the feather wear hypothesis, partial support for the sexual selection and time constraints hypotheses, and no support for the social selection hypothesis.</span></p>
Data for: A general framework for modelling thermal and hydric constraints on eggs developing in soil
<p>Data files to reproduce all the figures and appendices of "A general framework for modelling thermal and hydric constraints on eggs developing in soil".</p>
Data and analysis for: Differential effects of ankle constraints on foot placement control between normal and split belt treadmills
<p>Here we compared the effect of ankle moment constraints (LesSchuh; a shoe with a narrow ridge along the length of the shoe's sole), on a single and a split-belt treadmill. To this end we considered the foot placement model as proposed by Wang and Srinivasan (2014), and used the R^2 of this model as an outcome measure. In addition, step width, stride frequency and toe-out angles have been computed. The results have been written up in our publication in the journal of biomechanics.<br> <br> Wang, Y., & Srinivasan, M. (2014). Stepping in the direction of the fall: the next foot placement can be predicted from current upper body state in steady-state walking. <em>Biology letters</em>, <em>10</em>(9), 20140405.</p>
Data for "Constraints on the Martian Crust Away From the InSight Landing Site"
<p>Attached are the datasets generated during the analysis of the manuscript "Constraints on the Martian Crust Away From the InSight Landing Site" published in Nature Communications.</p>
Extended Data Tables: Experimental constraints on Fe and S redox equilibria and kinetics in basaltic melt inclusions
<p>This record contains the Extended Data for the manuscript entitled: Experimental constraints on Fe and S redox equilibria and kinetics in basaltic melt inclusions."</p>
Scalability Measurement Data for "Efficient Data Flow Constraint Analysis" Master's Thesis
<p>Raw measurement data and plots of performed scalability measurments of our proposed approach for analyzing software systems regarding data flow constraints.</p>
IEEE-30 energy system data of multi-period market with intertemporal constraints
<p>This is the dataset that is used for the original article: "Locational marginal pricing in multi-period AC OPF environment"</p> <p>The dataset consists of the following files</p> <ul> <li>Case1.zip</li> <li>Case2.zip</li> <li>Case3.zip</li> <li>case_modifications.py</li> <li>data_spec.py</li> <li>OPF_formulation.pdf</li> </ul> <p>Multiperiod AC OPF is given in OPF_formulation.pdf. Modifications of traditional IEEE 30-node case are given in case_modifications.py</p> <p>The case files incorporate input and output multiperiod AC OPF and LMP decomposition data in csv and pickle formats. Data structure of case files is given in data_spec.py.</p> <p>For python users pickle files are given. Nevertheless, python environment is not required. Specification can be read as a text file. All necessary data are repeated in csv format.</p> <p>Step 1 are to define LMPs of limited energy resources or storage resources that are formed by actual marginal resources from all time periods (first LMP definition in fig. 6 in the paper).</p> <p>Step 2 are to define all other LMPs at price-taking nodes (second LMP definition in fig. 6 in the paper).</p> <p>The following interrelation between Lagrange multipliers, LMP components, and price-bonding factors holds true:</p> <pre>assert np.max(np.abs(output_ramp.sensitivities.dot(output_ramp.offer_gen_data.price).tolist() - output_ramp.ramping_gen_data.price)) < 1e-2 if output_pt_step1.components.shape[0]: step1_pf_filter = (~output_pf.is_limited_energy) & (~output_pf.is_storage) assert np.max(np.abs(output_pt_step1.components.node_price - (output_pt_step1.components.f + output_pt_step1.components.tc_sum + output_pt_step1.components.vc_sum))) < 1e-2 assert (output_pt_step1.components.f - output_pt_step1.w_f.dot(output_pf.node_price[step1_pf_filter])).abs().max() < 1e-2 assert (output_pt_step1.components.tc_sum - pd.concat( (w.dot(output_pf.offer_price[step1_pf_filter]) for w in output_pt_step1.w_tc_list), axis=1 ).sum(axis=1)).abs().max() < 1e-2 assert np.max(np.abs(output_pt_step2.components.node_price - (output_pt_step2.components.f + output_pt_step2.components.tc_sum + output_pt_step2.components.vc_sum))) < 1e-2 assert (output_pt_step2.components.f - output_pt_step2.w_f.dot(output_pf.node_price)).abs().max() < 1e-2 assert (output_pt_step2.components.tc_sum - pd.concat( (w.dot(output_pf.offer_price) for w in output_pt_step2.w_tc_list), axis=1 ).sum(axis=1) ).abs().max() < 1e-2</pre> <p> </p>
Data for the publication "Wind farm layout optimization with alignment constraints", submitted to Wind Energy Science, 2024
<p>The data in pickle format contains the optimal layouts corresponding to the numerical applications of the paper "Wind farm layout optimization with alignment constraints" submitted in Wind Energy Science, 2024.</p>
Data for "Estimate of biological carbon pump: External versus internal constraints" by Wu et al
<p>Data for generating figures in "<strong><span>Estimate of biological carbon pump: External versus internal constraints</span></strong>" by Wu et al.</p>
Data from: Developmental constraints in a wild primate
Early-life experiences can dramatically affect adult traits. However, the evolutionary origins of such early-life effects are debated. The predictive adaptive response hypothesis argues that adverse early environments prompt adaptive phenotypic adjustments that prepare animals for similar challenges in adulthood. In contrast, the developmental constraints hypothesis argues that early adversity is generally costly. To differentiate between these hypotheses, we studied two sets of wild female baboons: those born during low-rainfall, low-quality years and those born during normal-rainfall, high-quality years. For each female, we measured fertility-related fitness components during years in adulthood that matched and mismatched her early conditions. We found support for the developmental constraints hypothesis: females born in low-quality environments showed greater decreases in fertility during drought years than females born in high-quality environments, even though drought years matched the early conditions of females born in low-quality environments. Additionally, we found that females born in low-quality years to high-status mothers did not experience reduced fertility during drought years. These results indicate that early ecological adversity did not prepare individuals to cope with ecological challenges in later life. Instead, individuals that experienced at least one high-quality early environment—either ecological or social—were more resilient to ecological stress in later life. Together, these data suggest that early adversity carries lifelong costs, which is consistent with the developmental constraints hypothesis.
Data from: Cannibalism and activity rate in larval damselflies increase along a latitudinal gradient as a consequence of time constraints
Background: Predation is ubiquitous in nature. One form of predation is cannibalism, which is affected by many factors such as size structure and resource density. However, cannibalism may also be influenced by abiotic factors such as seasonal time constraints. Since time constraints are greater at high latitudes, cannibalism could be stronger at such latitudes, but we know next to nothing about latitudinal variation in cannibalism. In this study, we examined cannibalism and activity in larvae of the damselfly Lestes sponsa along a latitudinal gradient across Europe. We did this by raising larvae from the egg stage at different temperatures and photoperiods corresponding to different latitudes. Results: We found that the more seasonally time-constrained populations in northern latitudes and individuals subjected to greater seasonal time constraints exhibited a higher level of cannibalism. We also found that activity was higher at north latitude conditions, and thus correlated with cannibalism, suggesting that this behaviour mediates higher levels of cannibalism in time-constrained animals. Conclusions: Our results go counter to the classical latitude-predation pattern which predicts higher predation at lower latitudes, since we found that predation was stronger at higher latitudes. The differences in cannibalism might have implications for population dynamics along the latitudinal gradients, but further experiments are needed to explore this.
Data from: Parentage analysis of Ansell's mole-rat family groups indicates a high reproductive skew despite relatively relaxed ecological constraints on dispersal
To better understand evolutionary pathways leading to eusociality, interspecific comparisons are needed, which would use a common axis, such as that of reproductive skew, to array species. African mole-rats (Bathyergidae, Rodentia) provide an outstanding model of social evolution because of a wide range of social organizations within a single family; however, their reproductive skew is difficult to estimate, due to their cryptic lifestyle. A maximum skew could theoretically be reached in groups where reproduction is monopolized by a stable breeding pair, but the value could be decreased by breeding-male and breeding-female turnover, shared reproduction and extra-group mating. The frequency of such events should be higher in species or populations inhabiting mesic environments with relaxed ecological constraints on dispersal. To test this prediction, we studied patterns of parentage and relatedness within 16 groups of Ansell's mole-rat (Fukomys anselli) in mesic miombo woodland. Contrary to expectation, there was no shared reproduction (more than one breeder of a particular sex) within the studied groups, and proportion of immigrants and offspring not assigned to current breeding males was low. The within-group parentage and relatedness patterns observed resemble arid populations of 'eusocial' Fukomys damarensis, rather than a mesic population of 'social' Cryptomys hottentotus. As a possible explanation, we propose that the extent ecological conditions affect reproductive skew may be markedly affected by life history and natural history traits of the particular species and genera.
Data from: Clock gene evolution: seasonal timing, phylogenetic signal, or functional constraint?
Genetic determinants of seasonal reproduction are not fully understood, but may be important predictors of organism responses to climate change. We used a comparative approach to study the evolution of seasonal timing within a fish community in a natural common garden setting. We tested the hypothesis that allelic length variation in the PolyQ domain of a circadian rhythm gene, Clock1a, corresponded to interspecific differences in seasonal reproductive timing across five native and one introduced cyprinid fishes (n = 425 individuals) that co-occur in the Rio Grande, New Mexico, USA. Most common allele lengths were longer in native species that initiated reproduction earlier (Spearman's r = -0.70, p = 0.23). Clock1a allele length exhibited strong phylogenetic signal and earlier spawners were evolutionarily derived. Aside from length variation in Clock1a, all other amino acids were identical across native species, suggesting functional constraint over evolutionary time. Interestingly, the endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus) exhibited less allelic variation in Clock1a and observed heterozygosity was 2- to 6-fold lower than the five other (non-imperiled) species. Reduced genetic variation in this functionally important gene may impede this species' capacity to respond to ongoing environmental change.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.