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Fig. 30 in Andrena (Suandrena) portosanctana COCKERELL, 1922 and A. (Suandrena) maderensis COCKERELL, 1922 - new taxonomical and ecological data for two closely related endemic bee species of the Madeira Archipelago, Portugal

Fig. 30: Morphological differences between females of A. portosanctana (N = 19) and A. maderensis (N = 30): (a) body length; (b) wing length; (c) head length/width index; (d) facial fovea index; (e) clypeal length; (f) labrum process width.

Figure 5 in Three ways to distinguish species: using behavioural, ecological, and molecular data to tell apart two closely related ants, Camponotus renggeri and Camponotus rufipes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure 5. Box plots of Kimura two-parameter (K2P) distance of 672 bp cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences within and between Camponotus renggeri and Camponotus rufipes. Boxes indicate interquartile range (upper line, quartile 3; lower line, quartile 1). Horizontal lines with boxes indicate median and whiskers the minimum and the maximum values. Outliers are shown as individual circles.

Figure 4 in Three ways to distinguish species: using behavioural, ecological, and molecular data to tell apart two closely related ants, Camponotus renggeri and Camponotus rufipes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure 4. Genetic structure analyses of Camponotus renggeri (yellow) and Camponotus rufipes (red) workers from Mogi- Guaçu (Brazil), using microsatellites. A, model-based assignment of individuals to the most likely number of clusters (K = 2) using STRUCTURE software. B, model-based assignment of individuals to different classes of hybrids or 'pure' species. Each individual is represented by a vertical line and the colours indicate the probability of the individual being assigned to a group in (A), or a hybrid or 'pure species' class in (B). C, scatterplot of the model-free principal coordinates analysis considering the two first principal coordinates (PCo1 and 2).

Figure 2 in Three ways to distinguish species: using behavioural, ecological, and molecular data to tell apart two closely related ants, Camponotus renggeri and Camponotus rufipes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure 2. Main vegetation physiognomies of the cerrado reserve at Mogi-Guaçu, Brazil. Cerrado sensu stricto consists of a dense scrub of shrubs and trees and a fair amount of herbaceous vegetation, whereas the cerradão is a closed woodland with a reduced ground layer. Nests of Camponotus renggeri (N = 46) were found in cerrado sensu stricto (22%) and cerradão (78%), whereas Camponotus rufipes (N = 40) occurred only in cerrado sensu stricto. Drawing by L. Mota.

Figure 1 in Three ways to distinguish species: using behavioural, ecological, and molecular data to tell apart two closely related ants, Camponotus renggeri and Camponotus rufipes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure 1. Workers of (A) Camponotus renggeri and (B) Camponotus rufipes. The two species are usually differentiated in the field by nuances in the integument colour (C. renggeri is shiny; C. rufipes is matte), and colour of the legs (yellowish in C. renggeri; reddish in C. rufipes). Photographs courtesy of L. Mota.

Figure 6 in Three ways to distinguish species: using behavioural, ecological, and molecular data to tell apart two closely related ants, Camponotus renggeri and Camponotus rufipes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure 6. Analyses of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I haplotypes of Camponotus renggeri (yellow) and Camponotus rufipes (red). A, neighbour-joining tree constructed with Kimura two-parameter distances between C. renggeri and C. rufipes with bootstrap support values based on 10 000 replications indicated on each branch. B, median-joining network amongst the obtained haplotypes. Values on the branches represent the numbers of mutational steps distinguishing the haplotypes, represented as circles whose areas are proportional to the number of individuals with that haplotype.

Figure 3 in Three ways to distinguish species: using behavioural, ecological, and molecular data to tell apart two closely related ants, Camponotus renggeri and Camponotus rufipes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure 3. Frequency distribution of nest categories in Camponotus renggeri and Camponotus rufipes in the cerrado reserve at Mogi-Guaçu, Brazil. The species differed in the structure and building materials used for nesting.

Figures 33–41. Polyphylla uteana Tanner. 33–36 in Natural history, ecology, and conservation of the genus Polyphylla Harris, 1841. 1. New species from the southwestern United States and Baja California, Mexico, with notes on distribution and synonymy (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)

Figures 33–41. Polyphylla uteana Tanner. 33–36) Holotype male. 37) Holotype labels. 38–40) Male variation. 41) Female.

Figures 28–32. Polyphylla avittata 28 in Natural history, ecology, and conservation of the genus Polyphylla Harris, 1841. 1. New species from the southwestern United States and Baja California, Mexico, with notes on distribution and synonymy (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)

Figures 28–32. Polyphylla avittata 28) Distribution of P. avittata Hardy and Andrews (solid circles) and P. uteana Tanner (black vertical lines). 29–32) Variation of male. 29) Hurricane Sand Dunes, Washington Co., UT (topotype). 30) Goblin Valley State Park, Emory Co., UT. 31) Grand Staircase- Escalante National Monument, Garfield Co., UT. 32) 3 miles N of Moab, Grand Co., UT.

Figures 48–49. Polyphylla. Males. 48 in Natural history, ecology, and conservation of the genus Polyphylla Harris, 1841. 1. New species from the southwestern United States and Baja California, Mexico, with notes on distribution and synonymy (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)

Figures 48–49. Polyphylla. Males. 48) Polyphylla mescalerensis Young [topotype]. Mescalero Sand Dunes, Chaves County, New Mexico. 49) Polyphylla sp. incertae. Cerro San Luis, Chihuahua, Mexico.

Figures 50–57. Habitats. 50–51 in Natural history, ecology, and conservation of the genus Polyphylla Harris, 1841. 1. New species from the southwestern United States and Baja California, Mexico, with notes on distribution and synonymy (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)

Figures 50–57. Habitats. 50–51) Polyphylla anivallis. Animas Valley Sand Dunes, Hidalgo Co., NM. 52–53) Polyphylla koso. Coso Mountains, Inyo Co., CA. 52) Coso Bridge. 53) Mill Springs Canyon. 54–55) Polyphylla morroensis. Baywood Fine Sands, San Luis Obispo Co., CA. 56–57) Polyphylla socorriana. El Socorro Sand Dunes, Baja California, MX.

Figures 42–47 in Natural history, ecology, and conservation of the genus Polyphylla Harris, 1841. 1. New species from the southwestern United States and Baja California, Mexico, with notes on distribution and synonymy (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)

Figures 42–47. Described females and comparative male. Polyphylla monahansensis Hardy and Andrews. 42) Male. 43–44) Female. Polyphylla stellata Young. 45) Male. 46–47) Female.

Figure S1 in Genetic analysis and ecological niche modeling delimit species boundary of the Przewalski's scorpion (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in arid Asian inland

Figure S1. Bayesian consensus tree of the Mesobuthus caucasicus complex reconstructed from mitochondrial DNA sequences.

Figure 9 in Genetic analysis and ecological niche modeling delimit species boundary of the Przewalski's scorpion (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in arid Asian inland

Figure 9. Phylogeny the Mesobuthus caucasicus complex reconstructed using mitochondrial DNA sequences. The Przewalski's scorpion (M. przewalskii) is deeply diverged from other species and the Chinese scorpion (M. martensii) belongs to the species complex. Node supports are shown by bootstrapping probabilities from 1000 replicates and Bayesian posterior probabilities.

Figures 1–8 in Genetic analysis and ecological niche modeling delimit species boundary of the Przewalski's scorpion (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in arid Asian inland

Figures 1–8. Mesobuthus przewalskii stat. nov., from Qiemo, Xinjiang. 1. Male, dorsal view. 2. Male, ventral view. 3. Female, dorsal view. 4. Female, ventral view. 5. Male, dentition of pedipalp chela movable finger. 6. Male, dentition of pedipalp chela fixed finger. 7. Male, ventral aspect of genital operculum and pectines. 8. Female, ventral aspect of genital operculum and pectines. Scale bars: 1–4 = 5.0 mm; 5–8 = 2.0 mm.

Figure 11 in Genetic analysis and ecological niche modeling delimit species boundary of the Przewalski's scorpion (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in arid Asian inland

Figure 11. Ecological niche models of Mesobuthus scorpions. Potential distribution areas for the Przewalski's scorpion M. przewalsii (purple) is shown together with the Chinese scorpion M. martensii (green) and other species of the M. caucasicus complex (yellow). The entire Tarim Basin and adjacent Gobi region are suitable for survival of M. przewalskii. No area to the west of the Tianshan Mountains and the Pamir Plateau is suitable for M. przewalskii, and similarly no area to the east of the Tianshan Mountains and the Pamir Plateau is suitable for other species of the M. caucasicus complex. There are overlaps in predicted suitable distribution areas between M. przewalskii and M. martensii along the northeast edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The suitable areas in the Junggar Basin and to the north of the Tianshan Mountains are likely due to over prediction of the model, because M. przewalskii does not occur in these regions. Ecological niche model for M. martensii was adopted from Shi et al. 2007.

Figure 10 in Genetic analysis and ecological niche modeling delimit species boundary of the Przewalski's scorpion (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in arid Asian inland

Figure 10. Phylogenetic network for the Mesobuthus caucasicus species complex. Although the interrelationships between species is poorly resolved, no reticulations have occurred in the most recent common ancestors for each species. The Przewalski's scorpion M. przewalskii is clearly diverged from other member of the species complex and warrants a species rank. The divergence of the Chinese scorpion M. martensii is comparable to the divergences among the members of the species complex.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2009View details →

Fig. 2 in Comparative feeding ecology and habitats use of Crenicichla species (Perciformes: Cichlidae) in a Venezuelan floodplain river

Fig. 2. Map showing location of the Cinaruco River, a tributary of the Orinoco River in Venezuela's Apure State; the study reach is outlined with a rectangle.

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Fig. 4 in Comparative feeding ecology and habitats use of Crenicichla species (Perciformes: Cichlidae) in a Venezuelan floodplain river

Fig. 4. Number of immature and mature gonads encountered in C. lugubris (a) and C. aff. wallacii (b) of different size classes during the dry season. (black barra) Mature (gonad state> 3); (white barra) immature (gonad state 1-2). C. lugubris (n = 102), C. aff. wallacii (n = 108).