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Fig. 2 in Reproductive period, fecundity and histology of gonads of two cheirodontines (Ostariophysi: Characidae) with different reproductive strategies - insemination and external fertilization
Fig. 2. Scanning Electron Micrography of an oocyte of Compsura heterura from an ovary critical-point dried and crushed with a needle on a stub, showing the spermatozoa observed over an oocyte (a), and an amplified image of these spermatozoa (b).
Fig. 6 in Reproductive period, fecundity and histology of gonads of two cheirodontines (Ostariophysi: Characidae) with different reproductive strategies - insemination and external fertilization
Fig. 6. Distribution of the absolute frequencies of the standard lengths of females of Odontostilbe pequira in the first (September/October) and second (January/February) reproductive periods.
Fig. 1 in Reproductive period, fecundity and histology of gonads of two cheirodontines (Ostariophysi: Characidae) with different reproductive strategies - insemination and external fertilization
Fig. 1. Histology of ovaries of Compsura heterura at different stages of maturation: maturing (a, b), mature (c, d) and semispent (e, f). Black arrow - follicular cells, EZ and white arrow - spermatozoa, FV - post-ovulatory follicles, M - micropile, N - nucleus, NU - nucleolus, OR - early primary growth oocytes, PV - Previtellogenic oocytes, V - vitellogenic oocyte, ZR - radiate zone. Magnification 10x (a, e), 20x (b, c), 100x (d, f).
Fig. 3 in Reproductive period, fecundity and histology of gonads of two cheirodontines (Ostariophysi: Characidae) with different reproductive strategies - insemination and external fertilization
Fig. 3. Histology of testis of Compsura heterura (a, c, d) and Odontostilbe pequira (b) at different stages of maturation: immature (a), maturing (b, c, d) mature (e, f). Arrow - cell division, C - spermatocytes, C1 - primary spermatogonia, C2 - secondary spermatogonia, ET - spermatids, EZ - spermatozoa, G - spermatogonia. Magnification 40x (a, c), 100x (b, d), 20x (e, f).
Fig. 7 in Reproductive period, fecundity and histology of gonads of two cheirodontines (Ostariophysi: Characidae) with different reproductive strategies - insemination and external fertilization
Fig. 7. Relation between absolute fecundity and standard length of females of Compsura heterura (a), from rio Ceará- Mirim, RN, and of Odontostilbe pequira (b) from rio Ibicuí- Mirim, RS.
Fig. 8 in Comparison of spermiogenesis in the externally fertilizing Hemigrammus erythrozonus and the inseminating Corynopoma riisei (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae)
Fig. 8. Mature spermatozoon in C. riisei. A - Longitudinally sectioned spermatozoon with mitochondria running alongside nucleus and forming the mitochondrial region; glycogen rosettes (g) are present among mitochondria. B-E. Progressively more posterior transverse sections of spermatozoa. B- Tip of nuclear region containing the proximal centriole (pc). C-Region of distal centriole (dc). D - Anterior part of flagellum within cytoplasmic canal (cc) in the concavity of the nucleus. E - Cytoplasmic canal between two mitochondria (m). F-H. Transverse sections of mitochodrial region showing flagellum within the cytoplasmic canal (cc), surrouded by cytoplasmic sleeve (cs) and free. Scale bar for all figures 0.5 µm. f – flagellum, N-nucleus.
Fig. 6. Intermediate, elongated spermatids. A in Comparison of spermiogenesis in the externally fertilizing Hemigrammus erythrozonus and the inseminating Corynopoma riisei (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae)
Fig. 6. Intermediate, elongated spermatids. A - Longitudinally sectioned spermatid with elongate nucleus containing highly granular chromatin and flagellum running within cytoplasmic canal. Scale bar 0.5 µm. B - inset: Arrangement of proximal and distal centrioles with intercentriolar lamellated body. Scale bar 0.25 µm. C - Transverse sections of tip of spermatids containing proximal and distal centrioles and anterior part of flagellum. Scale bar 0.5 µm D - Transverse sections of the middle portion of nucleus with mitochondria located around the nucleus. E - Posterior portion of nucleus showing numerous mitochondria, and flagellum contained within cytoplasmic canal. F - Flagellum within the cytoplasmic canal of the mitochondrial region. Scale bar 0.5 µm. cc – cytoplasmic canal, cs – cytoplasmic sleeve, dc – distal centriole, f – flagellum, ilb – intercentriolar lamellated body, m – mitochondrion, N – nucleus, pc – proximal centriole, v – vesicles.
Fig. 4 in Comparison of spermiogenesis in the externally fertilizing Hemigrammus erythrozonus and the inseminating Corynopoma riisei (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae)
Fig. 4. Fractured part of testis in Corynopoma riisei with SEM. A - Spermatocysts containing cells in different stages of spermatogenesis; Scale bar 25 µm. B - Arrangement of late spermatids within spermatocyst before spermiation. Scale bar 50 µm. f – flagellum, sg-spermatogonia; sc-spermatocytes; sd-spermatids.
REFLOW - Dataset for the report on P cycling and physico-chemical processes after fertilizer additions
<p>This data set contains daily phosphorus (P) turnover values in soils amended with recycled and mineral P fertilisers</p>
Plastic responses of survival and fertility following heat stress in pupal and adult Drosophila virilis
<p>The impact of rising global temperatures on survival and reproduction is putting many species at risk of extinction. In particular, it has recently been shown that thermal effects on reproduction, particularly limits to male fertility, can underpin species distributions in insects. However, the physiological factors influencing fertility at high temperatures are poorly understood. Key factors that affect somatic thermal tolerance such as hardening, the ability to phenotypically increase thermal tolerance after a mild heat shock, and the differential impact of temperature on different life stages, are largely unexplored for thermal fertility tolerance. Here, we examine the impact of high temperatures on male fertility in the cosmopolitan fruit fly <i>Drosophila virilis</i>. We first determined whether temperature stress at either the pupal or adult life-history stage impacts fertility. We then tested the capacity for heat-hardening to mitigate heat-induced sterility. We found that thermal stress reduces fertility in different ways in pupae and adults. Pupal heat stress delays sexual maturity, whereas males heated as adults can reproduce initially following heat stress, but lose the ability to produce offspring. We also found evidence that while heat-hardening in <i>D. virilis </i>can improve high temperature survival, there is no significant protective impact of this same hardening treatment on fertility. These results suggest that males may be unable to prevent the costs of high temperature stress on fertility through heat-hardening which limits a species' ability to quickly and effectively reduce fertility loss in the face of short-term high temperature events.</p>
The oxidative cost of competing for egg fertilization exceeds the cost of egg production
<p><span>Measuring reproductive costs is crucial to understanding sexual conflict and its evolutionary outcomes. Sexual conflict is thought to originate from anisogamy – the size difference between male and female gametes; if sperm are tiny and not produced in vastly greater numbers than eggs, at any mating females' gametic investment is larger than that of males. Testing this prediction has proven difficult, especially because males and females differ in many more traits than just gamete size. We overcame this difficulty by exposing simultaneously hermaphroditic polychaete worms <em>Ophryotrocha diadema</em> (two sexual functions in the same body) to two social conditions, pairs and groups>2, where hermaphrodites invest either relatively more in the female function or relatively more in the male function, respectively. Then we measured four markers of cellular oxidative status, a physiological mediator of life-history strategies. Less female-biased hermaphrodites produced fewer eggs but, unexpectedly, had lower levels of antioxidant protection than more female-biased hermaphrodites, which produced more eggs. Male-biased hermaphrodites compete for mating as males (hermaphrodites in pairs do not) suggesting that in the short-term male competition might be costlier than egg production in terms of regulation of oxidative status. These results highlight the need of including behavioral traits, namely competition over egg fertilization, in the measures of reproductive costs.</span></p>
Text-fig. 11. Taimyria triassica NAUGOLNYKH et MOGUTCHEVA gen. et sp. nov. Suggested reconstruction of fertile shoot. Scale bar 1 cm. in Taimyria Gen. Nov., A New Genus Of Evolutionary Advanced Gymnosperms From Triassic Of The Taimyr Peninsula, Siberia, Russia
Text-fig. 11. Taimyria triassica NAUGOLNYKH et MOGUTCHEVA gen. et sp. nov. Suggested reconstruction of fertile shoot. Scale bar 1 cm.
Scale-dependent diversity-biomass relationships can be driven by tree mycorrhizal association and soil fertility
<p><span>Diversity–biomass relationships (DBRs) often vary with spatial scale in terrestrial ecosystems, but the mechanisms driving these scale-dependent patterns remain unclear, especially for highly heterogeneous forest ecosystems. This study explores how mutualistic associations between trees and different mycorrhizal fungi (i.e., arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) vs. ectomycorrhizal (EM) association) modulate scale-dependent DBRs. We hypothesized that in soil-heterogeneous forests with a mixture of AM and EM tree species, (i) AM and EM tree species respond in contrasting ways (i.e., positively vs. negatively respectively) to increasing soil fertility, (ii) AM tree dominance contributes to higher tree diversity and EM tree dominance contributes to greater standing biomass and that as a result, (iii) mycorrhizal associations exert an overall negative effect on DBRs across spatial scales. To empirically test these hypotheses, we collected </span><span>detailed tree distribution and soil information (nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter, pH, etc.) from seven temperate and subtropical AM-EM mixed forest mega-plots (16–50 ha). Using spatial codispersion null model and structural equation modeling, we identified the relationships among AM or EM tree dominance, soil fertility, tree species diversity and biomass, and thus DBRs across 0.01–1 ha scales. We found first evidence overall supporting the above three hypotheses in these AM-EM mixed forests: (i) In most forests, with increasing soil fertility tree communities changed from EM-dominated to AM-dominated. (ii) Increasing AM tree dominance had an overall positive effect on tree diversity and a negative effect on biomass, even after controlling for soil fertility and number of trees. Together, (iii) the changes in mycorrhizal dominance along soil fertility gradients weakened the positive DBR observed at 0.01–0.04 ha scales in nearly all forests and drove negative DBRs at 0.25–1 ha scales in four out of seven forests. Hence, this study highlights a soil-related mycorrhizal dominance mechanism that could partly explain why in many natural forests, biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships shift from positive to negative with increasing spatial scale.</span></p>
Data for: The interactive effects of soil fertility and tree mycorrhizal association explain spatial variation of diversity-biomass relationships in a subtropical forest
<p><span>Observed biodiversity-ecosystem function (BEF) relationships are highly variable, particularly in natural forests. However, our understanding of the factors that generate these often contradictory patterns, especially the role of different mycorrhizal associations, is still limited. By relating tree species richness and aboveground biomass (AGB) in a fully-mapped 24-ha subtropical forest dynamics plot, we evaluated the impacts of soil fertility and tree mycorrhizal type in mediating BEF relationships at multiple spatial scales. Our results demonstrate a highly positive total richness effect on AGB for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees but a negative effect on AGB for ectomycorrhizal (EcM) trees, and their relationships were highly spatial scale dependent. However, the observed BEF relationships turned into positive at small spatial scales (i.e., 10 m and 20 m) after controlling for other confounding factors (i.e., topography, soil fertility, and AM proportion). In addition, we found significant interactions between soil fertility and species richness on AGB. Specifically, the positive effect of total species richness on AGB for major mycorrhizal types gradually weakened with increasing soil fertility, while the positive effect of EcM species richness on AM AGB gradually enhanced at small spatial scales, suggesting the observed diversity effects can be largely attributed to resource niche complementarity and the role of EcM fungi.</span></p> <p><span>Synthesis. We conclude that the variable BEF relationships among forest communities could be explained by spatial variation in abiotic environments and community mycorrhizal composition because different types of symbionts perform different nutrient uptake strategies and ability in protection from antagonists. Our findings provide novel insights into the understanding of the variation in the shape of BEF relationships in natural forests, which is critical for forest management, conservation, and restoration in a changing world.</span></p>
Data for: Natural genetic variation in a dopamine receptor is associated with variation in female fertility in Drosophila melanogaster
<p>Fertility is a major component of fitness but its genetic architecture remains poorly understood. Using a full diallel cross of 50 <em>Drosophila</em> <em>melanogaster</em> Genetic Reference Panel inbred lines with whole genome sequences, we found substantial genetic variation in fertility largely attributable to females. We mapped genes associated with variation in female fertility by genome-wide association analysis of common variants in the fly genome. Validation of candidate genes by RNAi knockdown confirmed the role of the dopamine 2-like receptor (<em>Dop2R</em>) in promoting egg laying. We replicated the <em>Dop2R</em> effect in an independently collected productivity dataset and showed that the effect of the <em>Dop2R</em> variant was mediated in part by regulatory gene expression variation. This study demonstrates the strong potential of genome-wide association analysis in this diverse panel of inbred strains and subsequent functional analyses for understanding the genetic architecture of fitness traits.</p>
Female reproductive fluids 'rescue' sperm from phenotypic ageing in an external fertilizer
<p class="MsoNormal">Female reproductive fluids (FRF) serve key reproductive functions in sexually reproducing animals, including modifying the way sperm swim and detect eggs, and influencing sperm lifespan. Despite the central role of FRF during fertilisation, we know surprisingly little about sperm-FRF interactions under different environmental conditions. Theory suggests that, in external fertilisers, FRF may 'rescue' sperm from ageing effects as they search to fertilise eggs. Here, we test the interaction between these two fundamental properties of the fertilisation environment, ejaculate age (i.e., time since ejaculation) and FRF, on a range of functional sperm phenotypes in a broadcast spawning mussel, <em>Mytilus galloprovincialis</em>. We found that the effects of ejaculate age on multivariate sperm motility traits and total sperm motility were altered by FRF, and that longer-lived sperm exhibit stronger, likely more advantageous, responses to FRF after periods of ageing. We also detected significant among-male variation in the relationship between sperm motility traits and ejaculate age; notably, these patterns were only revealed when sperm encountered FRF. Collectively these findings underscore the importance of considering female reproductive physiology when interpreting ageing-related declines in sperm motility, as doing so may expose important sources of variation in sperm phenotypic plasticity among males and environments.</p>
Stability and change in male fertility patterns by cognitive ability across 32 birth cohorts
<p>The relationship between cognitive ability (CA) and childbearing remains unsettled. Using Norwegian administrative registers with population coverage, we study how male lifetime fertility patterns differ across cognitive score groups, and how these changed across the 1950–1981 birth cohorts, covering a period characterized by rapid social and economic change. The analyses reveal systematic differences in fertility and fertility timing across CA groups, with high-scoring males having delayed but ultimately higher fertility than lower-scoring males. This pattern remains stable over time despite strong trends towards delayed and reduced fertility. The overall positive relationship between CA and fertility is primarily driven by high rates of childlessness in the lowest-scoring group, with low-scoring males showing higher rates of parity progression conditional on having children.</p>
Potassium fertilization effects on cereal yield and soil organic carbon in agricultural ecosystems at the global scale
<p>This dataset includes the raw data of a global meta-analysis study on the responses of cereal yield and soil organic carbon to potassium fertilization in agricultural ecosystems.</p>
irisTECH: An in situ dataset for variable rate fertilization
<p>In this repository we present the data from irisTECH pilot activities realted to variable rate fertilization. irisTECH aspires to develop a novel, easy-to-use and low-cost, variable rate fertilization system for application in linear crops. The project is based on hyperspectral sensors and actuators combined with the functions of a system utilizing artificial intelligence technology in order to perform real time identification of crop/soil system in fertilizer and then apply the necessary quantity of granular fertilizers if needed. The proposed approach is opposed to existing solutions that require information collection, offline map editing and mapping, and then re-visit to the field for application. irisTECH utilizes state-of-the-art technologies and in particular emerging developments in the field of internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence, embedded systems, cloud computing and image processing. In this rapidly expanding market, from a commercial perspective, the proposed project aspires to be an important research and innovation action with a targeted impact at national and wider international level.</p>
In Vitro Fertilization Impact on Metabolic Parameters
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03426228. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.