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1,836 results for “flux”
Tracegas fluxes in forests and old fields under enhanced nitrogen regimes at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (2001 to 2020)
Dataset Abstract 10 m2 plots in the old field and forest ecosystems were fertilized with 2 rates of nitrogen. N2O, CO2 and CH4 measurements were made with a static chamber method original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/53
Sediment and organic matter fluxes from the Stream Channel Aeolian Transect (SCAT), McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2019-2023, ongoing)
The Stream Channel Aeolian Transect (SCAT) project was established by the McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER during the 2018-2019 austral summer to quantify the seasonal sediment and organic matter flux into stream channels in Fryxell Basin, Taylor Valley, Antarctica. Data collection began in 2019, with annual measurements of total sediment, ash-free dry mass (AFDM), and associated fluxes of sediment and organic matter analyzed each year. The initial SCAT array was installed along Von Guerard Stream during the 2018-2019 austral summer. It consists of six transects, each with eight collectors spanning the length of Von Guerard Stream, with three placed at the down-valley edge of the stream channel, two in the wetted margins, and three at the up-valley edge. In 2022, additional transects were established in Green Creek and Aiken Creek, each with four collectors placed in the wetted margins. These ongoing data collections provide critical insights into aeolian sediment and organic matter dynamics, highlighting their influence on stream channel processes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys.
PIE LTER eddy flux measurements during 2015 from second high marsh site (Spartina patens/short Spartina alterniflora) Tall Tower off Nelson Island Creek, Rowley, Massachusetts
We deployed an eddy covariance system to measure ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of CO2 above a high marsh system (Spartina patens, short Spartina alterniflora) located on the Parker River Wildlife Refuge in marshes of Plum Island Sound, Rowley MA. The system is located near a higher elevation rock outcropping protected area which allows the tower set up to remain during the Winter as it is protected from ice flows. The data represents CO2 exchange for all 12 months of 2015.
PIE LTER Eddy flux measurements during 2016 from second high marsh site (Spartina patens/short Spartina alterniflora) Tall Tower off Nelson Island Creek, Rowley, Massachusetts
We deployed an eddy covariance system to measure ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of CO2 above a high marsh system (Spartina patens, short Spartina alterniflora) located on the Parker River Wildlife Refuge in marshes of Plum Island Sound, Rowley MA. The system is located near a higher elevation rock outcroppingprotected area which allows the tower set up to remain during the Winter as it is protected from ice flows. The data represents CO2 exchange for all 12 months of 2016.
PIE LTER Eddy flux measurements during 2017 from second high marsh site (Spartina patens/short Spartina alterniflora) Tall Tower off Nelson Island Creek, Rowley, Massachusetts
We deployed an eddy covariance system to measure ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of CO2 above a high marsh system (Spartina patens, short Spartina alterniflora) located on the Parker River Wildlife Refuge in marshes of Plum Island Sound, Rowley MA. The system is located near a higher elevation rock outcroppingprotected area which allows the tower set up to remain during the Winter as it is protected from ice flows. The data represents CO2 exchange for all 12 months of 2017.
SBC LTER: Beach: CO₂ flux, wrack subsidies, invertebrate community, and consumer respiration rates for Channel Islands sandy beaches
These data result from surveys of 14 sandy beach sites on four of California’s Channel Islands from 2016 to 2018. We quantified marine macrophyte wrack subsidies, macroinvertebrates, beach physical parameters, and sediment CO2 flux at each site in order to elucidate the role of marine wrack subsidies and wrack consumers on sandy beach sediment CO2 flux. We also measured the respiration rates of the six most common wrack consumer species in the laboratory. Data are contained in two tables: 1) Mean wrack cover, invertebrate community composition (species richness, abundance, and biomass), beach physical parameters, and sediment CO2 flux, and 2) respiration rates and biomass of each replicate individual for each of the six species.
Oxygen Fluxes on Virginia Tidal Flats, 2015-2018
Bare tidal flats along the eastern USA coast are increasingly undergoing state changes to one of two systems: human-restored Crassostrea virginica oyster reefs or invasive Agarophyton (Gracilaria) macroalgal mats, with little known about how these changes impact ecosystem metabolism. This dataset details aquatic eddy covariance (AEC) benthic oxygen fluxes, along with physical drivers such as flow speed and light, of 3 oyster reefs, 2 macroalgal beds, and 1 bare mudflat located at the Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR). The oyster reef data spans 4 years (2015 - 2018) and all seasons, while the mudflat and Agaraphyton data are from summers 2015 and 2017, respectively. These flux data are used to calculate the metabolism (R, GPP, NEM) of these systems, in order to better understand how state changes have impacted carbon cycling on the Virginia coast.
Meteorology, environment and surface flux data for grassland sites in Germany
<p>Observation and model data for locations Fendt (DE-Fen), Rottenbuch (DE-RbW) and Graswang (DE-Gwg), in conjunction with selected journal publications. These data have primarily been used for investigation of surface carbon fluxes (Net Ecosystem Exchange, Gross Primary Productivity), seasonal climatic trends and land management. </p> <p>The sites are part of TERENO, a network of observatories in Germany. The TERENO Data Portal should provide other and more up-to-date information. The time period includes the ScaleX intensive observation campaigns that took place in 2015 and 2016. The data format is NetCDF4. A Jupyter notebook is available (see Related identifiers, GitLab) with technical notes and examples. </p>
Air-Sea Ammonia Fluxes Calculated from High-Resolution Summertime Observations Across the Atlantic Southern Ocean
<p>This data set includes ocean ammonium concentrations, atmospheric ammonia gas concentrations, and calculated air-sea ammonia fluxes from the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean during summer. Associated with the folloiwng paper: </p> <p> https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2020GL091963</p>
Supplementary Dataset for "Representativeness of Eddy-Covariance Flux Footprints for Areas Surrounding AmeriFlux Sites"
<p>These datasets are supplementary to the paper "<strong>Representativeness of Eddy-Covariance Flux Footprints for Areas Surrounding AmeriFlux Sites</strong>" by Chu et al. </p> <ul> <li>Dataset S1. Summary of site-specific footprint metrics <ul> <li>filename: All_site_fpt_summary.csv</li> <li>readme: All_site_fpt_summary-README.csv</li> </ul> </li> <li>Dataset S2. All monthly footprint climatology weight maps <ul> <li>filename: monthly_footprint_climatology_weight_map.zip <ul> <li>the zip folder contains individual files of all monthly footprint weight maps</li> <li>filename: <Site-ID>_<Year>_<Month>_<DAY/NIGHT>_fpt_weight.tif</li> </ul> </li> <li>readme: README.txt </li> </ul> </li> <li>Dataset S3. All site-year footprint climatology overlapped with true-color satellite images. <ul> <li>filename: site-year_footprint_climatology_realcolor_map.zip <ul> <li>the zip folder contains individual files of footprint climatologies from all site-years</li> <li>filename: <Site-ID>_<Year>_<Spatial_Extent>_shrink_footprint_climatology.png</li> </ul> </li> <li>readme: README.txt </li> </ul> </li> <li>Dataset S4. Site-specific results and representativeness index based on the land cover type analysis. <ul> <li>filename: All_site_land_cover_dominant_summary2.csv</li> <li>readme:All_site_land_cover_dominant_summary2-README.csv</li> </ul> </li> <li>Dataset S5. Site-specific results and representativeness index based on the EVI analysis. <ul> <li>filename: All_site_Landsat_EVI_fpt_comparison2.csv</li> <li>readme: All_site_Landsat_EVI_fpt_comparison2-README.csv</li> </ul> </li> <li>Dataset S6. All available site-month EVI and time-explicit representativeness. <ul> <li>filename: All_site_Landsat_EVI_all_cutout2.csv</li> <li>readme: All_site_Landsat_EVI_all_cutout2-README.csv</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Global Carbon Budget 2023, surface ocean fugactiy of CO2 (fCO2) and air-sea CO2 flux of individual global ocean biogechemical models and surface ocean fCO2-based data-products
<p><strong>Surface ocean fugacity of CO2 (fCO2) and air-sea CO2 flux data from individual Global Ocean Biogeochemistry Models (GOBMs) and surface ocean fCO2-based data-products (fCO2-products).</strong><br>There are three types of files: (1) one file per fCO2-product with gridded fields and regionally-integrated CO2 flux time-series, (2) one file per GOBM with gridded fields, and (3) one file with the regionally-integrated time-series for the GOBMs. </p><p><strong>Note: </strong>These provided gridded outputs from fCO2-based data-products and GOBMs are regridded datasets, without adjustments. <strong>The best estimates of the annual global ocean carbon sink, based on the native grids of fCO2-products and GOBMs and with the adjustments described in the Global Carbon Budget 2023 (https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5301-2023), are available in the Global Carbon Budget 2023 spreadsheet.</strong></p><p>The regionally-integrated time-series are as provided by the contributing groups, i.e. integrated from their native grids. In order to reproduce Figure 13 of the Global Carbon Budget 2023 paper (https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5301-2023), the river flux adjustment needs to be added to the CO2 flux estimated from the data-products (North: 0.14 GtC yr-1, Tropics: 0.42 GtC yr-1, South: 0.09 GtC yr-1, see GCB 2023 paper, section 2.5.1). The sum of the regional fluxes may differ from the global estimates as reported in the GCB spreadsheet, because some adjustments were applied only for global fluxes.</p><p><strong>What is in the files?</strong></p><p>(1) The files for the fCO2-based data-products contain the following variables (temporal resolution: monthly):<br><br>fgco2_reg: Regionally integrated air-sea CO2 flux (positive downward), monthly, for regions: north, tropics, south<br>fgco2: Flux density of the total air-sea CO2 flux (positive downward), dimensions: time, latitude, longitude<br>sfco2: Surface ocean fCO2, dimensions: time, latitude, longitude<br>area: Area per pixel, dimensions: latitude, longitude<br>area_reg: Total surface ocean area covered by native grid, for global, north, tropics, south</p><p>(2) The files for the GOBMs contain the following fields, for simulation A ('contemporary simulation', including effects of rising CO2, climate change and variability) and simulation B ('control simulation', constant CO2, no climate change and variability). Temporal resolution: monthly</p><p>fgco2: Flux density of the total air-sea CO2 flux (positive downward), dimensions: time, latitude, longitude<br>sfco2: Surface ocean fCO2, dimensions: time, latitude, longitude<br>area: Area per pixel, dimensions: latitude, longitude<br><br>(3) One file 'GCB-2023_OceanModel_RegionalBreakdown_1959-2022.nc' with the regionally-integrated CO2 flux time-series for all individual GOBMs, and for simulations A and B. Temporal resolution: annual.</p><p><strong>Fair data use statement:</strong><br>The data and model output provided on this site are freely available and were furnished by individual scientists who encourage their use.<br><strong>Citation:</strong> Please cite the Global Carbon Budget 2023 (Friedlingstein et al., 2023, ESSD, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5301-2023) for all data. In addition, please also cite the corresponding original reference for each dataset that has been used - see Table 4 in Global Carbon Budget 2023 for references of all the individual Global Ocean Biogeochemical Models and fCO2-based data-products. Further, for an overview of the Global Ocean Biogeochemical Model output, you may find it useful to cite Hauck et al. (2020, Frontiers, doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.571720).<br><strong>Acknowledgement:</strong> Please add the following text in the acknowledgement of your paper: "We acknowledge the Global Carbon Project, which is responsible for the Global Carbon Budget and we thank the ocean modeling and fCO2-mapping groups for producing and making available their model and fCO2-product output."<br><strong>Co-authorship: </strong>An invitation of co-authorship to the contributing groups is encouraged if these data are the central data set of the publication.</p><p>Besides the surface fCO2 and air-sea CO2 flux data that is made available open access, we make<strong> additional 3D output</strong> from the Global Ocean Biogeochemical models (GCB-ocean) available upon request and with its own data policy. Please refer to the Global Carbon Budget website for these additional data: https://globalcarbonbudgetdata.org/closed-access-requests.html</p>
NACLIM - Fluxes: Faroe Bank Channel overflow transport
<p><strong>Description</strong>: Daily average of FBC overflow transport, estimated from array of moored ADCPs.</p> <p><strong>Covering period:</strong> November 1995 – May 2014 </p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: 61°30′ N 8°30′ W (map) </p> <p><strong>Instruments: </strong>Moored acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP)</p> <p><strong>Variables:</strong> Flux - overflow transport (Sv)</p> <p><strong>Updated on</strong>: 31 October, 2014</p>
NACLIM - Fluxes: Denmark Strait overflow transport
<p><strong>Description: </strong>Daily average of overflow transport on Denmark Strait </p> <p><strong>Period: </strong>September 1996 – September 2014 </p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> 66° N 28° W (map) </p> <p><strong>Instruments: </strong>Moored ADCPs </p> <p><strong>Variables:</strong> Overflow volume transport. </p> <p><strong>Updated on</strong>: 18 December, 2014</p>
Spinning test-body orbiting around Schwarzschild black hole: circular dynamics and gravitational-wave fluxes
<p>We release gravitational wave fluxes at null-infinity from a spinning test-body in circular equatorial orbits around a Schwarzschild black hole. Four different prescriptions are used for the dynamics: the Mathisson-Papapetrou formalism under the Tulczyjew (TUL) spin-supplementary-condition (SSC), the Pirani (PIR) SSC and the Ohashi-Kyrian-Semerak (OKS) SSC, and the spinning particle limit of the effective-one-body Hamiltonian (HAM) of [Phys.~Rev.~D.90,~044018(2014)]. For more details see xxxx .</p> <p>The multipolar fluxes are given for l=2,3 m=1,2,3 at the Boyer-Lindquist radii</p> <p> r = 4 5 6 7 8 10 12 15 20 30 ,</p> <p>in cases they were not computed the data contains a "42". Note that the fluxes in these data files are assumed to contain both the +m and -m contributions, since they are identical for equatorial orbits and aligned spins. <br /> Additionally, the data files contain the key numbers describing the circular dynamics (see paper).</p> <p>Units <span class="math-tex"><em>c</em>=<em>G</em>=1.</span></p>
AusEFlux: Empirical upscaling of OzFlux eddy covariance flux tower data over Australia
<p>AusEFlux (<strong>Aus</strong>tralian <strong>E</strong>mpirical <strong>Flux</strong>es) is a high resolution (500 metre) gridded estimate of Gross Primary Productivity (GPP), Ecosystem Respiration (ER), Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE), and Evapotranspiration over the Australian continent for the period January 2003 to Present. These datasets provide a benchmark for assessment against Land Surface Model simulations, and a means for monitoring of Australia’s terrestrial carbon cycle at an unprecedented high-resolution.</p> <p><strong>Version 2.1 </strong>of AusEFlux has just been released (as of May 2025) and was created to <strong>operationalise</strong> the research datasets published in this <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4109-2023">EGU Biogeosciences publication.</a> In order to operationalise these datasets, changes to the input datasets were required to align the data sources with datasets that are regularly and reliably updated, along with general improvements. The datasets provided on Zenodo have been reprojected to 5 km resolution to facilitate easier uploading and sharing, but<strong> full resolution datasets (both v1.1 and v2.1) can be accessed freely through <a href="https://thredds.nci.org.au/thredds/catalog/ub8/au/AusEFlux/catalog.html">NCI's THREDDS portal.</a></strong></p> <p><strong>Two Jupyter Notebooks</strong> have been created (one for GPP and one for NEE) that demonstrate the differences between the research datasets (v1.1) and the operational datasets (v2.1), including showing the differences in specifications and inputs. You can view/download these notebooks using the links below:</p> <p><a href="https://nbviewer.org/github/cbur24/AusEFlux/blob/master/notebooks/analysis/Compare_AusEFlux_versions_GPP.ipynb">GPP comparison between versions</a></p> <p><a href="https://nbviewer.org/github/cbur24/AusEFlux/blob/master/notebooks/analysis/Compare_AusEFlux_versions_NEE.ipynb">NEE comparisons between versions</a></p> <p>Each dataset contains three variables:</p> <ul> <li>"<flux>_median": represents the 'best-estimate' of a given flux, the units are gC/m<sup><sub>2</sub></sup>/mon<sup>-1</sup></li> <li>"<flux>_25th_percentile": represents the lower uncertainty bound, the units are gC/m<sup><sub>2</sub></sup>/mon<sup>-1</sup></li> <li>"<flux>_75th_percentile": represents the upper uncertainty bound, the units are gC/m<sup><sub>2</sub></sup>/mon<sup>-1</sup></li> </ul> <p><span><strong>Version Guide</strong>:</span></p> <p><em>v1.0:</em> DO NOT USE THIS VERSION. There was a mistake in the modelling of ecosystem respiration, so this version of the dataset should not be used. As of version 1.1, the error has been rectified.</p> <p><em>v1.1: </em>This version of the datasets are those used to inform the EGU Publication linked above. Its time range is 2003-July 2022, and its spatial resolution is 5 km on Zenodo, but the 1 km resolution datasets can be accessed through <a href="https://thredds.nci.org.au/thredds/catalog/ub8/au/AusEFlux/catalog.html">NCI's THREDDS portal</a>.</p> <p><em>v2.0: <strong>IMPORTANT NOTE:</strong> a bug in the modelling of vegetation height resulted in data artefacts in the NEE and ER fluxes over very tall mesic forests in this version. This resulted in unnaturally high ER and lower than expected NEE (less negative than would be expected). This issue has been rectified in version 2.1.</em> <strong>Version 2 datasets represent the operational version of the datasets</strong>, it includes several improvements over version 1.1. Its time-range is 2003-2024 (and will be updated annually), and its spatial resolution is 500m. A 5 km reprojected version of the dataset is included here on Zenodo, but the 500 metre datasets can be accessed through<a href="https://thredds.nci.org.au/thredds/catalog/ub8/au/AusEFlux/catalog.html"> NCI's THREDDS portal.</a></p> <p><strong>v2.1: </strong>This version is a patch to version 2.0 to remove a bug in the modelling of vegetation height. <strong>It is recommended to use this version </strong>over v2.0. 500 metre resolution datasets can be accessed through<a href="https://thredds.nci.org.au/thredds/catalog/ub8/au/AusEFlux/catalog.html"> NCI's THREDDS portal.</a></p>
A global gridded CO2 flux dataset inferred from OCO-2 retrievals using the GONGGA inversion system (v2025)
<p><strong>Data Description</strong></p> <p>Here we provide a global monthly CO2 flux dataset at 1° × 1° spatial resolution for the period 2014.9-2024.12. The dataset is generated using the GONGGA (Global ObservatioN-based system for monitoring Greenhouse GAs) inversion system by assimilating OCO-2 (Observing Carbon Observatory 2) v11.2r column CO2 retrievals that scaled to the WMO X2019 standard. The dataset contains fluxes from biosphere (Net Ecosystem Exchange, NEE) (both prior and posterior), ocean (both prior and posterior), biomass burning emissions and fossil fuel emissions.</p> <p>We also provide the posterior model simulated values corresponding to all measurements contained in the lastest release of NOAA’s ObsPack database (obspack_co2_1_GLOBALVIEWplus_v10.1_2024-11-13 and obspack_co2_1_NRT_v10.1_2025-02-07).</p> <p><strong>Change from v2024</strong></p> <ul> <li>Assimilation of OCO-2 v11.2r retrievals</li> <li>Update of prior fluxes</li> </ul> <p><strong>Data version specification</strong></p> <p>v202x.ori refers to original GONGGA flux data with 3-hourly time resolution and 2° latitude × 2.5° longitude spatial resolution, v202x refers to GONGGA flux data resampled to monthly time resolution and 1° latitude × 1° longitude spatial resolution for facilitating comparisons with other GCP inversion results.</p> <p><strong>Article citation</strong></p> <p>Jin, Z., Wang, T., Zhang, H., Wang, Y., Ding, J., Tian, X., Constraint of satellite CO2 retrieval on the global carbon cycle from a Chinese atmospheric inversion system. Science China Earth Sciences, 2023, 66: 609-618, doi: 10.1007/s11430-022-1036-7.</p> <p>Jin, Z., Tian, X., Wang, Y., Zhang, H., Zhao, M., Wang, T., Ding, J., and Piao, S.: A global surface CO2 flux dataset (2015–2022) inferred from OCO-2 retrievals using the GONGGA inversion system, Earth System Science Data, 2024, 16: 2857-2876, doi: 10.5194/essd-16-2857-2024.</p>
The forest, the cicadas, and the holey fluxes: Chamber and Cicada Hole Data
<p>This data set includes cicada emergence hole data for the soil respiration collars and phenology transects. Soil respiration, temperature, and moisture data were used for quantifying the effects of cicada emergence holes on soil carbon fluxes. Data was collected near Bloomington, IN, following the Brood X emergenece in 2021. </p>
Auxiliary files and data to generate eddy flux and validate 2D model for MALTA
<p>This repository contains the following directories to accompany the manuscript 'A Zonally-Averaged Global Atmospheric Transport Model for Long-lived Trace Gases', submitted to JAMES:</p><p>1) <strong>GEOSChem </strong>This directory contains the run directory template and (slurm) runscript to generate the tracer fields used to generate the eddy fluxes. The GEOSChem model will have to be installed locally to run this, and the run directory built to your local area. It may be easiest to just copy the relevant bits in /Tracer_2D_template/ (i.e., the .rc files, /RestartFiles/, input.geos, reset_restart.py and species_database.yml) into a GEOSChem Transport run directory and change the directories in the copied files. If using slurm on an HPC, just change the directories in the runtracers_inputs.sh script to match that of your own HPC. Else, a different script will have to be written copying the slurm functionality.</p><p>2) <strong>GEOSChem_SF6 </strong>This directory contains the monthly mean SF6 mole fractions generated using GEOSChem used to validate the 2D model MALTA. Emissions come from the EDGAR v4.2 emissions inventory. Emissions after 2008 continue to use 2008 as the emissions value.</p><p>3) <strong>CFC11_inversion</strong> This directory contains the relevant script and files to quantify emissions of CFC-11 using an output mole fraction from the TOMCAT 3D model using MALTA, and compare these to the TOMCAT emissions used to generate the mole fractions. The directory paths at the beginning of the main script in CFC11_inversion.py must be changed to point to the remaining files in the /CFC11_inversion/ directory, and a save directory must be specified, before running locally. MALTA must be installed to run this.</p><p>4) <strong>singapore.dat </strong>This file contains the QBO winds above Singapore, taken from https://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/en/met/ag/strat/produkte/qbo/index.html</p><p> </p>
Carbon fluxes data over Indian spring wheat agro-ecosystem
<p>The data consists of the following:</p> <ol> <li>Site-scale carbon flux data for an IARI experimental wheat site for the growing season 2013–2014 in New Delhi (28°40' N, 77°12' E).</li> <li>The simulation data in NetCDF format comprises carbon fluxes such as GPP, NPP, Ra, Rh, and NEE.</li> <li>Harvested wheat area of spring wheat across the Indian wheat-growing regions.</li> <li>Site-scale NEP (gC/m2/mon) measured at Meerut (29°05′33″N, 77°41′53″E; growing season 2009-2010) and Saharanpur (29° 52′ 19.139″ N and 077° 34′ 01.621″ E; growing season 2014-15) extracted from published work (Patel et al., 2011; Patel et al., 2021, respectively)</li> </ol>
MeanDRS River Width Sampling: Data products corresponding to "Intrinsic spatial scales of river stores and fluxes and their relative contributions to the global water cycle"
<p><strong>Corresponding peer-reviewed publication</strong></p> <p>This dataset corresponds to all input and output files that were used in the study reported in:</p> <ul> <li>Wade, J., David, C.H., Collins, E.L., Denbina, M., Cerbelaud, A., Tom, M., Reager, J.T., Frasson, R.P.M., Famiglietti, J.S., Lee, T., Gierach, M.M. (In Review), Intrinsic spatial scales of river stores and fluxes and their relative contributions to the global water cycle.</li> </ul> <p>When making use of any of the files in this dataset, please cite both the aforementioned article and the dataset herein.</p> <p><strong>Summary</strong></p> <p>The Earth’s rivers vary in size across several orders of magnitude. Yet, the relative significance of small upstream reaches compared to large downstream rivers in the global water cycle remains unclear, challenging the determination of adequate spatial resolution for observations. Using monthly simulations of river stores and fluxes from the MeanDRS river routing dataset, we sample global rivers by a range of estimated river width thresholds to investigate the intrinsic spatial scales of the global river water cycle. We frame these scale-dependent river dynamics in terms of observational capabilities, assessing how the size of rivers that can be resolved influences our ability to capture key global hydrologic stores and fluxes.</p> <p>We aim to answer two questions:</p> <p>1. What is the intrinsic spatial resolution of global river dynamics?</p> <p>2. How can the spatial scale of river processes be used to inform efficient monitoring and modeling strategies of global river stores and fluxes?</p> <p><strong>Data sources</strong></p> <p>The following sources were used to produce files in this dataset:</p> <ul> <li>Mean Discharge Runoff and Storage (MeanDRS) dataset (version v0.4) available under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. <a href="../records/10013744">https://zenodo.org/records/10013744</a>. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10013744; 10.1038/s41561-024-01421-5</li> <li>MERIT-Basins (version 1.0) derived from MERIT-Hydro (version 0.7) available under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. <a href="https://www.reachhydro.org/home/params/merit-basins">https://www.reachhydro.org/home/params/merit-basins</a></li> </ul> <p><strong>Software</strong></p> <p>The software that was used to produce files in this dataset are available at https://github.com/jswade/meandrs-width-sampling.</p> <p><strong>Data Products</strong></p> <p>The following files represent the primary outputs of the analysis. Each file class generally has 61 files, corresponding to the 61 global hydrologic regions (region ii).</p> <p><strong>Riv_coast.zip</strong> contains shapefiles of corrected and uncorrected MeanDRS river reaches that intersect with the global coast and are inferred to drain to the ocean.</p> <p><strong>· </strong><strong>riv_coast.zip</strong></p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>cor:</strong> riv_coast_pfaf_ii_COR.shp</p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>uncor: </strong>riv_coast_pfaf_ii_UNCOR.shp</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Qout_rivwidth.zip </strong>contains csv files of the aggregate river discharge to the ocean (km<sup>3</sup>/yr) of under each tested river width sampling scenario for each of the 61 global hydrologic regions.</p> <p><strong>· </strong><strong>Qout_rivwidth.zip: </strong>Qout_pfaf_ii_rivwidth.csv</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>V_rivwidth_low.zip</strong> contains csv files of the aggregate river storage (km<sup>3</sup>) for the low residence time scenario under each tested river width sampling scenario for each of the 61 global hydrologic regions.</p> <p><strong>· </strong><strong>V_rivwidth_low.zip:</strong> V_pfaf_ii_rivwidth_low.csv</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>V_rivwidth_nrm.zip </strong>contains csv files of the aggregate river storage (km<sup>3</sup>) for the normal (medium) residence time scenario under each tested river width sampling scenario for each of the 61 global hydrologic regions.</p> <p><strong>· </strong><strong>V_rivwidth_nrm.zip: </strong>V_pfaf_ii_rivwidth_nrm.csv</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>V_rivwidth_hig.zip </strong>contains csv files of the aggregate river storage (km<sup>3</sup>) for the high residence time scenario under each tested river width sampling scenario for each of the 61 global hydrologic regions.</p> <p><strong>· </strong><strong>V_rivwidth_hig.zip: </strong>V_pfaf_ii_rivwidth_hig.csv</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Largest_rivs.zip </strong>contains files related to our analysis of the relative contributions of discharge to the ocean from the 10 largest global river basins.</p> <p><strong>· </strong><strong>largest_rivs.zip</strong></p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>cat: </strong>cat_dis_top10_nxx.shp – dissolved catchments of reaches draining from the 10 largest basins</p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>csv:</strong> Q_df_top10.csv – total discharge contributed by each basin</p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>riv:</strong> riv_top10_nxx.shp – river reaches that drain the 10 largest basins</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Smallest_rivs.zip </strong>contains files related to our analysis of the relative contributions of discharge to the ocean from global rivers narrower than 100 m.</p> <p><strong>· </strong><strong>smallest_rivs.zip</strong></p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>cat: </strong>cat_pfaf_pfaf_ii_small_100m.shp – dissolved catchments of narrow reaches draining to the ocean for each region ii</p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>csv:</strong> Q_df_top10.csv – total discharge to the ocean from each narrow river reach</p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>riv: </strong>riv_pfaf_ii_small_100m.shp – river reaches narrower than 100 m that drain to the ocean for each region ii</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Global_summary.zip </strong>contains files related to the global aggregation of our region-specific river width sampling estimates for discharge to the ocean and river storage.</p> <p><strong>· </strong><strong>global_summary.zip</strong></p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>Qout_rivwidth: </strong>global summary files for discharge to the ocean (km<sup>3</sup>/yr) under river width sampling</p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>V_rivwidth_low:</strong> global summary files for total river storage (km<sup>3</sup>) for the low residence time scenario under river width sampling</p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>V_rivwidth_nrm:</strong> global summary files for total river storage (km<sup>3</sup>) for the normal (medium) residence time scenario under river width sampling</p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>V_rivwidth_hig: </strong>global summary files for total river storage (km<sup>3</sup>) for the hig residence time scenario under river width sampling</p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>cat_small_gl: </strong>cat_dis_global_small_100m.shp – global dissolved catchments contributing to all rivers narrower than 100 m that drain to the ocean</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Rivwidth_sens.zip </strong>contains files related to our supplemental analysis of the sensitivity of our width estimation approach to choice of input discharge dataset. Here, we compute estimated river widths using 3 versions of MeanDRS discharge outputs (VIC, CLSM, NOAH) and compare the results of river width sampling from those runs to that of the primary analysis. The file formats and explanations follow those presented above, with added information for the land surface model used to generate those discharge simulations.</p> <p><strong>· </strong><strong>Rivwidth_sens.zip</strong></p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>riv_coast</strong></p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>Qout_rivwidth_VIC</strong></p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>Qout_rivwidth_CLSM</strong></p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>Qout_rivwidth_NOAH</strong></p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>V_rivwidth_low_VIC</strong></p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>V_rivwidth_nrm_VIC</strong></p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>V_rivwidth_hig_VIC</strong></p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>V_rivwidth_low_CLSM</strong></p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>V_rivwidth_nrm_CLSM</strong></p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>V_rivwidth_hig_CLSM</strong></p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>V_rivwidth_low_NOAH</strong></p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>V_rivwidth_nrm_NOAH</strong></p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>V_rivwidth_hig_NOAH</strong></p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>global_summary_VIC</strong></p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>global_summary_CLSM</strong></p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>global_summary_NOAH</strong></p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Cor_sens.zip </strong>contains files related to our supplemental analysis of the sensitivity use of corrected ensemble MeanDRS discharge and volume simulations as opposed to uncorrected ensemble simulations. Here, we repeat our primary analysis using only uncorrected simulations throughout, rather than performing river width sampling using corrected simulations. The file formats and explanations follow those presented above, with the files using uncorrected ensemble (ENS) discharge and storage values in contrast to the primary analysis.</p> <p><strong>· </strong><strong>Cor_sens.zip</strong></p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>Qout_rivwidth_ENS</strong></p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>V_rivwidth_low_ENS</strong></p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>V_rivwidth_nrm_ENS</strong></p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>V_rivwidth_hig_ENS</strong></p> <p><strong> o </strong><strong>global_summary_ENS</strong></p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Width_val.zip </strong>contains files related to our supplemental validation of river widths estimated from MeanDRS discharge simulations through comparison with optical measurements of widths from the Global River Widths from Landsat (GRWL) Databse (Allen & Pavelsky, 2018).</p> <p><strong>· Width_val.zip: </strong>width_validation_pfaf_ii.csv</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Known bugs in this dataset or the associated manuscript</strong></p> <p>No bugs have been identified at this time.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Allen, G. H., & Pavelsky, T. M. (2018). Global extent of rivers and streams. <em>Science</em>, <em>361</em>(6402), 585-588. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat0636</p> <p>Collins, E. L., David, C. H., Riggs, R., Allen, G. H., Pavelsky, T. M., Lin, P., Pan, M., Yamazaki, D., Meentemeyer, R. K., & Sanchez, G. M. (2024). Global patterns in river water storage dependent on residence time. <em>Nature Geoscience</em>, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01421-5</p> <p>Lin, P., Pan, M., Beck, H. E., Yang, Y., Yamazaki, D., Frasson, R., David, C. H., Durand, M., Pavelsky, T. M., Allen, G. H., Gleason, C. J., & Wood, E. F. (2019). Global Reconstruction of Naturalized River Flows at 2.94 Million Reaches. <em>Water Resources Research</em>, <em>55</em>(8), 6499–6516. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR025287</p> <p>Yang, Y., Pan, M., Lin, P., Beck, H. E., Zeng, Z., Yamazaki, D., David, C. H., Lu, H., Yang, K., Hong, Y., & Wood, E. F. (2021). Global Reach-Level 3-Hourly River Flood Reanalysis (1980–2019). <em>Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society</em>, <em>102</em>(11), E2086–E2105. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0057.1</p>
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