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Fig. 4 in New fossil triakid sharks from the early Eocene of Prémontré, France, and comments on fossil record of the family

Fig. 4. Triakid shark Galeorhinus louisi sp. nov. Prémontré Abbey, late Ypresian. A. UM−PRE 11, holotype, antero−lateral tooth, labial face (A1), apical view (A2), and lingual face (A3). B. UM−PRE 12, antero−lateral tooth, labial face (B1), profile view (B2), and lingual face (B3). C. UM−PRE 13, lateral tooth, labial (C1) and lingual (C2) faces. D. UM−PRE 14, lateral tooth, labial (D1) and lingual (D2) faces. E. UM−PRE 15, more lateral tooth, labial (E1) and lingual (E2) faces.

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Fig. 3 in New fossil triakid sharks from the early Eocene of Prémontré, France, and comments on fossil record of the family

Fig. 3. Triakid shark Galeorhinus ypresiensis (Casier, 1946). Forest−lez−Bruxelles, Belgique. A. UM−FLB 1, anterior tooth, lingual face. B. UM−FLB 2, anterior tooth, labial (B1) and lingual (B2) faces. C. UM−FLB 3, anterior tooth, labial (C1) and lingual (C2) faces.

Fig. 4 in The early fossil record of dinosaurs in North America: A new neotheropod from the base of the Upper Triassic Dockum Group of Texas

Fig. 4. Partial left maxilla of an archosaur (TMM 41936-1.1), Otis Chalk area, Dockum Group, Late Triassic, found with and possibly referable to neotheropod Lepidus praecisio gen. et sp. nov., in lateral (A), ventral (B), and medial (C) views, arrows indicate anterior direction. D. A replacement tooth in labial view within the fourth alveolus in anterolateral view (D 2), close up (D ).

Fig. 3 in The early fossil record of dinosaurs in North America: A new neotheropod from the base of the Upper Triassic Dockum Group of Texas

Fig. 3. The referred left femur of neotheropod Lepidus praecisio gen. et sp. nov., Otis Chalk area, Dockum Group, Late Triassic (TMM 41936-1.3) in anterior (A) and posterior (B) views and the bone tissues of the femur (D) through the entire cortex on the anterolateral side (C) and the middle and outer cortex on the posterolateral side (D). Arrows indicate the direction of the external surface of the femur.

Fig. 5 in The early fossil record of dinosaurs in North America: A new neotheropod from the base of the Upper Triassic Dockum Group of Texas

Fig. 5. Phylogenetic relationships of early theropod dinosaurs recovered here highlighting the phylogenetic position of Lepidus praecisio gen. et sp. nov. with the holotype only (A), simplified strict consensus of six MPTs, TL = 1058, CI = 0.5311, RI = 0.8250) or with all of the hypothesized material (B), simplified strict consensus of 18 MPTs, TL = 1061, CI = 0.5383, RI = 0.8303). The original taxon list and relationships outside of Dinosauria and within Ornithischia are exactly the same as that of Nesbitt et al. (2009b).

Fig. 1 in The early fossil record of dinosaurs in North America: A new neotheropod from the base of the Upper Triassic Dockum Group of Texas

Fig. 1. Map of the type locality of Lepidus praecisio gen. et sp. nov. near Signal Peak, southeast of Big Spring, Texas. The dotted circle is the approximate area that holotype came from and its relationship to the famous Otis Chalk localities.

Fig. 2 in The early fossil record of dinosaurs in North America: A new neotheropod from the base of the Upper Triassic Dockum Group of Texas

Fig. 2. Comparisons of almost naturally articulated ankle complexes of neotheropods. A. Lepidus praecisio gen. et sp. nov., Otis Chalk area, Dockum Group, Late Triassic (TMM 41936-1.3). B. Camposaurus arizonensis Hunt, Lucas, Heckert, Sullivan, and Lockley, 1998, Placerias Quarry, Chinle Formation, Late Triassic UCMP 34498), reversed. C. Coelophysis bauri Cope, 1887, Coelophysis Quarry, Chinle Formation, Late Triassic (AMNH FARB 30615). D. Zupaysaurus rougieri Arcucci and Coria, 2003, Colorados Formation, Late Triassic (PULR 076), reversed. Left (A, C) and right (B, D) tibia, fibula, and astragalocalcaneum in anterior (A 1–D1), medial (A2–D2), posterior (A3–D3), lateral (A4–D4), and ventral (A5–D5) views, arrows indicate anterior direction.

Fig. 7 in The fossil record of early tetrapods: Worker effort and the end-Permian mass extinction

Fig. 7. Species discovery curves for several groups of fossil organisms show substantial differences in form. All discovery curves are shown as percentages, even though final totals, in 2003, are very different: trilobites (n = 4126), early tetrapods (n = 515), dinosaurs (n = 694), fossil birds (n = 221), and fossil mammals of North America (n = 3340). The horizontal line marks the "half life" of the discovery curve, the date by which half the currently valid taxa had accumulated. Data from these sources: trilobites (Tarver et al. 2007), dinosaurs (Benton 2008), fossil birds (Fountaine et al. 2008), fossil mammals (Alroy 2002).

Fig. 2 in The fossil record of early tetrapods: Worker effort and the end-Permian mass extinction

Fig. 2. Perceptions of early tetrapod diversity at three points in research time, 1900, 1950, and 2000. Total numbers of valid species are indicated per series; the 1900 data distribution differs significantly from those for 1950 and 2000, but the 1950 and 2000 distributions do not differ significantly (see text).

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Fig. 3. The fossil stingray Myliobatis wurnoensis White, 1934 in First Mesozoic record of the stingray Myliobatis wurnoensis from Mali and a phylogenetic analysis of Myliobatidae incorporating dental characters

Fig. 3. The fossil stingray Myliobatis wurnoensis White, 1934 from Maastrichtian of Mali. A, B. Partial upper dental plates. A. CNRST−SUNY−5 in posterior (A1), occlusal (A2), and basal (A3) views. B. CNRST−SUNY−37 in posterior (B1), occlusal (B2), and basal (B3) views. C. Partial lower dental plate, CNRST− SUNY−3 in occlusal (C1) and basal (C2) views. Anterior is to top of page for all images except A1 and B1, which are in posterior view. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 1 in The fossil record of early tetrapods: Worker effort and the end-Permian mass extinction

Fig. 1. Discovery curve of valid early tetrapod species (i.e., tetrapods, excluding Lissamphibia and Amniota), plotted against publication year. Species determined as synonymous or dubious in recent revisions are excluded. The curves show proportions through time, rising to 100% of current knowledge, for all early tetrapods (n = 528) and two major sub−divisions, temnospondyls (n = 368), and lepospondyls (n = 85).

Fig. 6 in The fossil record of early tetrapods: Worker effort and the end-Permian mass extinction

Fig. 6. Cumulative discovery curve of species of early tetrapods showing the relative completeness for each of the eight stratigraphic series, divided into two panels, from Upper Devonian to Middle Permian (A), and Upper Permian to Upper Triassic (B), plotted against decades in research time. The horizontal line marks the "half life" of the discovery curve, the date by which half the currently valid taxa had accumulated. Numbers of taxa per series are: Upper Devonian (17), Lower Carboniferous (25), Upper Carboniferous (108), Lower Permian (125), Middle Permian (36), Upper Permian (20), Lower Triassic (100), Middle Triassic (46), Upper Triassic (5), Jurassic (5), Cretaceous (1).

Fig. 4 in The fossil record of early tetrapods: Worker effort and the end-Permian mass extinction

Fig. 4. Cumulative discovery curves of species of early tetrapods showing the relative completeness for each of the nine major geographic regions: North America, Europe, and Africa (A), South America, Greenland, and Australia (B), Asia, India, and Russia (C), plotted against decades in research time. The horizontal line marks the "half life" of the discovery curve, the date by which half the currently valid taxa had accumulated. Total numbers of taxa are given for each continent.

Fig. 3 in The fossil record of early tetrapods: Worker effort and the end-Permian mass extinction

Fig. 3. Histogram of the total number of valid early tetrapod species from each major geographic region. Totals are: Europe (171), North America (156), Russia (77), Africa (51), Australia (30), India (14), Asia excluding India (12), South America (11), and Greenland (9).

FIGURE 5. Representative Magnoliaceae and Oleaceae from the Citronelle Formation. 1 in New plant fossil records and paleoclimate analyses of the late Pliocene Citronelle Formation flora, U.S. Gulf Coast

FIGURE 5. Representative Magnoliaceae and Oleaceae from the Citronelle Formation. 1. Liriodendron cf. tulipifera partial leaf (UF 19315–062075), scale bar equals 1 cm. 2. Close-up of Figure 5.1 Liriodendron leaf basal portion showing simple agrophic veins at arrows, scale bar equals 5 mm. 3. Magnolia cf. virginiana leaf (UF 19210–062076), scale bar equals 1 cm. 4. Close-up of Figure 5.3 Magnolia leaf showing details of fourth and fifth order veins, scale bar equals 5 mm. 5. Fraxinus sp. fruit (UF 19413–062077), scale bar equals 5 mm.

FIGURE 4. Representative Lauraceae from the Citronelle Formation. 1 in New plant fossil records and paleoclimate analyses of the late Pliocene Citronelle Formation flora, U.S. Gulf Coast

FIGURE 4. Representative Lauraceae from the Citronelle Formation. 1. Lindera sp. leaf (UF 19210–062072), scale bar equals 1 cm. 2. Extant Lindera leaf from USAM herbarium for comparison with Figure 4.1, scale bar equals 1 cm. 3. Persea sp. leaf (UF 19210–062073), scale bar equals 1 cm. 4. Sassafras albidum leaf (UF 19210–062074), scale bar equals 1 cm. 5. Close-up of Figure 4.1 Lindera leaf showing high order venation, scale bar equals 2.5 mm. 6. Close-up of Figure 4.3 Persea leaf showing high order venation, scale bar equals 2.5 mm.

FIGURE 8 in New plant fossil records and paleoclimate analyses of the late Pliocene Citronelle Formation flora, U.S. Gulf Coast

FIGURE 8. Representative Sapindaceae (continued), Smilicaceae, and Ulmaceae from the Citronelle Formation. 1. Acer cf. saccharinum partial leaf (UF 19315–062088), scale bar equals 1 cm. 2. Smilax sp. partial leaf (UF 19413– 062089), scale bar equals 5 mm. 3. Close-up of Figure 8.2 Smilax leaf showing higher order venation details, scale bar equals 2.5 mm. 4. Ulmus sp. leaf (UF 19413–062090), scale bar equals 5 mm. 5. Close-up of Figure 8.4 Ulmus leaf showing margin details and multiple orders of teeth, scale bar equals 2.5 mm.

FIGURE 7 in New plant fossil records and paleoclimate analyses of the late Pliocene Citronelle Formation flora, U.S. Gulf Coast

FIGURE 7. Representatives Rosaceae (continued), Salicaceae, Rutaceae, and Sapindaceae from the Citronelle Formation. 1. Extant Crataegus floridana from USAM herbarium for comparison with Figure 6. 7, scale bar equals 5 mm. 2. Rubus sp. leaf (UF 19413–062083), scale bar equals 5 mm. 3. Ptelea cf. trifoliata leaf (UF 19210– 062084), scale bar equals 5 mm. 4. Salix sp. leaf (UF 19210–062085), scale bar equals 1 cm. 5. Close-up of Figure 7.4 Salix leaf margin showing salicoid teeth, scale bar equals 2.5 mm. 6. Acer cf. rubrum basal portion of leaf (UF 19210–062087), scale bar equals 1 cm. 7. Acer cf. rubrum leaf (UF 19210–062086), scale bar equals 1 cm. 8. Extant Acer rubrum USAM herbarium for comparison with Figure 7.6–7, scale bar equals 1 cm.

FIGURE 3 in New plant fossil records and paleoclimate analyses of the late Pliocene Citronelle Formation flora, U.S. Gulf Coast

FIGURE 3. Representative Juglandaceae from the Citronelle Formation (continued). 1. Carya cf. aquatica leaflet (UF 19315–062069), scale bar equals 5 mm. 2. Epifluorescence micrograph of leaf from Figure 3.1, note peltate hairs, scale bar equals 125 µm. 3. Carya cf. tomentosa leaflet (UF 19315–062070), scale bar equals 2 cm. 4. Carya species #3 partial leaflet (UF 19210–062071), scale bar equals 5 mm. 5. Carya cf. aquatica leaf margin of Figure 3.1, scale bar equals 2.5 mm, 6. Carya cf. tomentosa leaf margin of Figure 3.2, scale bar equals 5 mm. 7. Carya species #3 of Figure 3.4 leaf margin, scale bar equals 2.5 mm.

FIGURE 2. Representative Aquifoliaceae through Juglandaceae from the Citronelle Formation. 1 in New plant fossil records and paleoclimate analyses of the late Pliocene Citronelle Formation flora, U.S. Gulf Coast

FIGURE 2. Representative Aquifoliaceae through Juglandaceae from the Citronelle Formation. 1. Ilex sp. leaf (UF 19210–062063), scale bar equals 5 mm. 2. Clethra cf. alnifolia (UF 19210–062064) partial leaf, arrow indicates mucronate tooth apex, scale bar equals 5 mm. 3. Close-up of Figure 2.2 Clethra leaf, note mixed-percurrent tertiaries, scale bar equals 2.5 mm. 4. Extant Clethra alnifolia leaf from USAM herbarium for comparison with Figure 2.2, scale bar equals 5 mm. 5. Gaylussacia sp. leaf (UF 19315–062065), scale bar equals 5 mm. 6. Extant Gaylussacia sp. from USAM herbarium for comparison with Figure 2.5, scale bar equals 5 mm. 7. Vaccinium sp. leaf (UF 19315–062066), scale bar equals 5 mm. 8. Close-up of Vaccinium leaf margin from Figure 2.7 showing teeth, scale bar equals 2.5 mm. 9. Carya fruit (UF 19315 – 062068), scale bar equals 5 mm. 10. Carya sp. catkin with in situ pollen (UF 19315 – 062067), scale bar equals 5 mm. 11. Carya sp. pollen tetrad from specimen in Figure 2.10, scale bar equals 10 µm.