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499 results for “fuels”
Data from: Fuel stores and time of day account for variation in serum metabolomes of passerine migrants stopping over
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Data from: Time to burn: Landscape drivers of fuel trait variability and fire regime in savanna ecosystems
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Data from: Fuel accumulation shapes post-fire fuel decomposition through soil heating effects on plants, fungi, and soil chemistry
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Data from: Using handheld mobile laser scanning to quantify fine-scale surface fuels and detect changes post-disturbance in Northern California forests
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Differences in thermal tolerance between parental species could fuel thermal adaptation in hybrid wood ants
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Livestock and kangaroo grazing have little effect on biomass and fuel hazard in semi-arid woodlands
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Reductions in California's urban fossil fuel CO2 emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Data file for paper: Javier Rubio-Garcia; Anthony R J Kucernak, Rutao Liu and Barun K Chakrabarti "Hydrogen/functionalized benzoquinone for a high-performance regenerative fuel cell as a potential large-scale energy storage platform"
<p>The data in this spreadsheet was used to produce the figures in the paperJavier Rubio-Garcia; Anthony R J Kucernak, Rutao Liu and Barun K Chakrabarti "Hydrogen/functionalized benzoquinone for a high-performance regenerative fuel cell as a potential large-scale energy storage platform"Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2020, DOI: 10.1039/C9TA12396B</p> <p>Please cite the above reference if you wish to use this data</p>
Rejuvenation of Fuel Cells
<p>The deliverable presents the obtained measurement and analysis results of the accelerated stress test protocols consisting of voltage cycling, designed to target electrocatalyst degradation, with the intentional recovery periods (so-called soak time steps) every 2500 voltage cycles on an already conditioned 50 cm2 (single) fuel cell provided by ElringKlinger. Before and after every intentional stop, a series of diagnostic methods (polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry) were performed. During the conducted durability test, different shutdown procedures, as well as different duration of the soak time period were tested with their impact on performance recovery phenomenon. The results suggest that cause of the reversible degradation could be accumulated water within the cell and/or presence of oxygen within the catalyst layer. The prolonged soak time step reduces recovery effect, while rapid reduction of the cell temperature with ice proved to be counterproductive for performance recovery. Shutdown procedure without shortly-connected resistor has shown no effect on recovery. Shutdown procedure without nitrogen purge proved to be the most effective for performance recovery.</p>
Low-frequency EIS intercept as a diagnostic tool for PEM fuel cells degradation
<p>Several diagnostic tests, such as polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV), were conducted periodically to monitor performance degradation during an accelerated stress test (AST) for catalyst degradation on a single proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell, which involves voltage cycling. From the results of the EIS measurements taken during the AST at three different current densities, catalyst degradation is clearly shown. The lowfrequency intercept (Total R) increased most significantly. The simulation results with an 11-element impedance model show very good agreement with experimental data and consistency with the polarization change curves and CV. The obtained impedance at Total R is purely real, and it can be a useful and perhaps sufficient indicator for catalyst degradation and determination of the cell current state from just one parameter value, which is very promising for the future implementation in the PEM fuel cell control system</p>
Electrochemical low-frequency impedance spectroscopy algorith for diagnostics of PEM fuel cell degradation
<p>In order to estimate fuel-cell degradation status on-line and inexpensively, a diagnostic technique based on relay feedback is developed. The technique can obtain critical parameters within seconds of start-up and is robust to measurement bias.</p> <p>Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a popular laboratory technique to perform diagnostics on electrochemical systems such as fuel cells, but its application to real-life fuel-cell systems is difficult because of the size and cost of the apparatus. In this study, we present a more detailed equivalent-circuit model for a PEM fuel cell, able to explain the positive reactance shown at low frequencies.</p> <p>Some of these characteristics, measured at several stages during an Accelerated Stress Test (AST), progress gradually with catalyst degradation, providing an effective prognostic variable. In order to measure these characteristics, a relay-based feedback excitation algorithm is developed to estimate the low-frequency intercept in the Nyquist plane of the cell impedance without resorting to a full-fledged EIS.</p> <p>The simulations indicate that the algorithm converges to an estimate within about 5 seconds, and is robust to bias. The algorithm can be run within the standard control system that fuel cells are usually equipped with, with no additional hardware.</p>
Data from: Small-scale variation in fuel loads differentially affects two co-dominant bunchgrasses in a species-rich pine savanna
Ecological disturbances frequently control the occurrence and patterning of dominant plants in high-diversity communities like C4 grasslands and savannas. In such ecosystems disturbance-related processes can have important implications for species, and for whole communities when those species are dominant, yet mechanistic understanding of such processes remains fragmentary. Multiple bunchgrass species commonly co-dominate disturbance-dependent and species-rich pine savannas, where small-scale fuel heterogeneity may influence bunchgrass survival and growth following fires. We quantified how fire in locally varying fuel loads influenced dynamics of dominant C4 bunchgrasses in a species-rich pine savanna in southeastern Louisiana, USA. We focused on two congeneric, co-dominant species (Schizachyrium scoparium and S. tenerum) with similar growth forms, functional traits and reproductive strategies to highlight effects of fuel heterogeneity during fires. In experimental plots with either reduced or increased fuels versus controls with unmanipulated fuels, we compared: 1) bunchgrass damage and 2) mortality from fires; 3) subsequent growth and 4) flowering. Compared to controls, fire with increased fuels caused greater damage, mortality and subsequent flowering, but did not affect post-fire growth. Fire with reduced fuels had no effect on any of the four measures. The two species responded differently to fire with increased fuels – S. scoparium incurred measurably more damage and mortality than S. tenerum. Logistic regression indicated that the larger average size of S. tenerum tussocks made them resistant to more severe burning where fuels were increased. We speculate that locally increased fuel loading may be important in pine savannas for creating colonization sites because where fuels are light or moderate, dominant bunchgrasses persist through fires. Small-scale heterogeneity in fires, and differences in how species tolerate fire may together promote shared local dominance by different bunchgrasses.
Data from: Genetic redundancy fuels polygenic adaptation in Drosophila
The genetic architecture of adaptive traits is of key importance to predict evolutionary responses. Most adaptive traits are polygenic—i.e., result from selection on a large number of genetic loci—but most molecularly characterized traits have a simple genetic basis. This discrepancy is best explained by the difficulty in detecting small allele frequency changes (AFCs) across many contributing loci. To resolve this, we use laboratory natural selection to detect signatures for selective sweeps and polygenic adaptation. We exposed 10 replicates of a Drosophila simulans population to a new temperature regime and uncovered a polygenic architecture of an adaptive trait with high genetic redundancy among beneficial alleles. We observed convergent responses for several phenotypes—e.g., fitness, metabolic rate, and fat content—and a strong polygenic response (99 selected alleles; mean s = 0.059). However, each of these selected alleles increased in frequency only in a subset of the evolving replicates. We discerned different evolutionary paradigms based on the heterogeneous genomic patterns among replicates. Redundancy and quantitative trait (QT) paradigms fitted the experimental data better than simulations assuming independent selective sweeps. Our results show that natural D. simulans populations harbor a vast reservoir of adaptive variation facilitating rapid evolutionary responses using multiple alternative genetic pathways converging at a new phenotypic optimum. This key property of beneficial alleles requires the modification of testing strategies in natural populations beyond the search for convergence on the molecular level.
Data from: The effects of dietary macronutrients on flight ability, energetics, and fuel metabolism of yellow-rumped warblers Setophaga coronata
The catabolism of protein from organs and muscles during migratory flight is necessary to produce glucose, key metabolic intermediates, and water, but may have negative effects on flight range and refueling at stopovers. We tested the hypothesis, suggested by previous studies, that birds that eat high-protein insect diets use more protein for fuel in flight than those that eat high-carbohydrate fruits. First, we fed migratory yellow-rumped warblers synthetic fruit or mixed insect/fruit diets, and measured metabolic rates and fuel mixture under basal conditions and during exercise in a hop/hover wheel respirometer. Birds eating the fruit diet had greater plasma triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations, and the higher protein mixed diet increased plasma uric acid only during feeding. Diet did not affect metabolic rates or the fuel mixture under resting or exercise conditions. We then fed yellow-rumped warblers synthetic diets that differed only in the relative proportion of carbohydrate and protein (60:15 versus 15:60 as % dry mass) and tested them in wind tunnel flights lasting up to six hours. Birds fed the high carbohydrate diet became heavier and fatter than when fed the high protein diet. Plasma uric acid concentration was increased and plasma phospholipid concentration was decreased by the high protein diet in the pre-flight state (after a 3 h fast), but diet only affected plasma phospholipids during flight (lower in high protein birds). Neither diet nor amount of body fat affected the rate of loss of lean mass or fat during flight. Inter-individual or seasonal differences in diet do not appear to influence the amount of protein catabolized during endurance flight. However, birds fed the high carbohydrate diet had greater voluntary flight duration, independent of body fatness, suggesting that there may be other performance benefits of high carbohydrate diets for migratory birds.
Data from: Effect of fuel deposition rate on departure fuel load of migratory songbirds during spring stopover along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico
Migrants are generally assumed to minimize their overall migration time by adjusting their departure fuel loads (DFL) in relation to anticipated and experienced fuel deposition rates (FDRs). We utilized a 21-yr long migration banding station dataset to examine the relationship between FDR and DFL during spring migration in six Nearctic-Neotropical migratory songbird species during stopover along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) following trans-gulf flight. Estimates of fuel stores, stopover durations, and FDRs from our long term migration data set were combined to determine DFL. We expected and found that migrants across all six species adjust their DFL to the rate at which they deposit fuel reserves. This robust finding suggests that songbird migrants are sensitive to time constraints during spring passage presumably to fine-tune their stopover schedule in relation to experienced and anticipated habitat quality. Two of the species studied showed an effect of age on the FDR–DFL relationship: one was consistent with the expectation that older birds would be less sensitive to changes in FDR, while the second was contrary to our expectations and likely suggesting an age-dependent response to habitat quality. We found sex-dependent differences consistent with male DFL being more sensitive to FDR in only two of six species studied, and argue that both males and females are time constrained during spring passage in relation to arrival at breeding destinations. The positive relationship between FDR and DFL among all species and for age and sex groups in some species reflects a migration strategy sensitive to time.
Data from: Mammals across the K/Pg boundary in northeastern Montana, U.S.A.: dental morphology and body-size patterns reveal extinction selectivity and immigrant-fueled ecospace filling
The Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/Pg) mass extinction has long been viewed as a pivotal event in mammalian evolutionary history, in which the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs allowed mammals to rapidly expand from small-bodied, generalized insectivores to a wide array of body sizes and ecological specializations. Many studies have used global- or continental-scale taxonomic databases to analyze this event on coarse temporal scales, but few studies have documented morphological diversity of mammalian paleocommunities on fine spatiotemporal scales in order to examine ecomorphological selectivity and ecospace filling across this critical transition. Focusing on well-sampled and temporally well-constrained mammalian faunas across the K/Pg boundary in northeastern Montana, I quantified dental-shape disparity and morphospace occupancy via landmark- and semilandmark-based geometric morphometrics and mean body size, body-size disparity, and body-size structure via body-mass estimates. My results reveal several key findings: (1) latest Cretaceous mammals, particularly metatherians and multituberculates, had a greater ecomorphological diversity than is generally appreciated, occupying regions of the morphospace that are interpreted as strict carnivory, plant-dominated omnivory, and herbivory; (2) the decline in dental-shape disparity and body-size disparity across the K/Pg boundary shows a pattern of constructive extinction selectivity against larger-bodied dietary specialists, particularly strict carnivores and taxa with plant-based diets, that suggests the kill mechanism was related to depressed primary productivity rather than a globally instantaneous event; (3) the ecomorphological recovery in the earliest Paleocene was fueled by immigrants, namely three multituberculate families (taeniolabidids, microcosmodontids, eucosmodontids) and to a lesser extent archaic ungulates; and (4) despite immediate increases in the taxonomic richness of eutherians, their much-celebrated post-K/Pg ecomorphological expansion had a slower start than is generally perceived and most likely only began 400,000 to 1 million years after the extinction event.
Data set for theh paper "Recovery of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell exposed to sulfur dioxide" DOI:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.01.077
<p>This Excel file contains the data from the following publication</p> <p><br /> Biraj Kumar Kakatia, Anusree Unnikrishnan, Natarajan Rajalakshmi, RI Jafri, KS Dhathathreyan, Anthony RJ Kucernak</p> <p>Recovery of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell exposed to sulfur dioxideInternational Journal of Hydrogen Energy</p> <p>2016</p> <p>DOI:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.01.077</p>
Dataset for paper "Investigation of convective transport in the so-called 'gas diffusion layer' used in polymer electrolyte fuel cell"
<p>Dataset containing all data for figures and supplemental material for the paper:<br /> Investigation of convective transport in the porous media of a fuel cell-like system</p> <p>O. Beruski, T. Lopes, A. R. Kucernak and J. Perez.</p>
Dataset for the paper "A catalyst layer optimisation approach using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for PEM fuel cells operated with pyrolysed transition metal-N-C catalysts", J Power Sources, 2016, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.05.035
<p>Data file for paper:"A catalyst layer optimisation approach using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for PEM fuel cells operated with pyrolysed transition metal-N-C catalysts"</p> <p>Daniel Malko, Thiago Lopes, Edson A. Ticianelli, Anthony Kucernak</p> <p>Journal of Power Sources, 2016</p> <p>DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.05.035</p> <p>Please cite the above paper if you use this data</p>
Data file for the paper "Using corrosion-like processes to remove poisons from electrocatalysts: a viable strategy to chemically regenerate irreversibly poisoned polymer electrolyte fuel cells", Electrochimica Acta 2016, DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.11.054
<p>Data used in producing the figures in the paper described below</p> <p>If you use this data then please specify as a reference</p> <p>B. K. Kakati, A. R. J. Kucernak, and K Fahy, "Using corrosion-like processes to remove poisons from electrocatalysts: a viable strategy to chemically regenerate irreversibly poisoned polymer electrolyte fuel cells "Electrochimica ActaDOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.11.054</p> <p>Supported by funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council under project EP/I037024/1 and the Technology Strategy board under the IDP11 framework for project 102283. </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.