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1,418 results for “grasses”
Data from: Plant, insect, and soil microbial communities vary across brome invasion gradients in northern mixed-grass prairies
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When the neighborhood matters: contextual selection on seedling traits in native and non-native California grasses
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Coordination of hydraulic and morphological traits across dominant grasses in eastern Australia
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Data and code from: Invasive grass indirectly alters seasonal patterns in seed predation
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Flood-driven survival and growth of dominant C4 grasses helps set their distributions along tallgrass prairie moisture gradients
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Genetic and functional variation across regional and local scales is associated with climate in a foundational prairie grass
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Climate model experiments of regional-scale tree die-off replaced by C3 grass (all monthly data fields): Part 1
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Insights from the developmental genes of sedges and grasses
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Climate model experiments of regional-scale tree die-off replaced by grass (select variables at daily time resolution): Part 2
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Potential local adaptation in populations of invasive reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) across an urbanization gradient
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Survey of the impacts of an invasive grass (Microstegium vimineum) on soil C and N dynamics in western North Carolina
A survey of soil carbon, nitrogen, plant, and litter decomposition dynamics was conducted along a land-use gradient extending NW from Asheville, NC in the French Broad River Watershed. We selected 12 forest sites between 580 and 780m in elevation. Within each site, there were four paired invaded-uninvaded plots (48 pairs; 96 plots). Invaded plots contained populations of Microstegium vimineum. Soil C pools, soil N pools and transformations, plant community dynamics and litter decomposition rates were quantified in each plot.
Post-Fire Response of Perennial Grass Communities at McKenzie Flats, Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1998 and 2001)
We evaluated the effects of a lightning-initiated fire on responses of vegetation communities. Following a fire in July 1998, 25 experimental plots were established on the eastern edge of MacKenzie Flats at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge. Ten of these plots were located in a Bouteloua gracilis (blue grama)- dominated site, while 15 were established in another area dominated by Bouteloua eriopoda (black grama). We evaluated basal and aerial cover of all plant species at the community level using a vertical line point intercept method along transects within plots. Sampling was conducted immediately after the fire during the last week of July 1998, and again in September and October of 2001.
Post-Fire Responses of Perennial Grass Populations at McKenzie Flats, Sevilleta National WIldlife Refuge, New Mexico (1998 and 2001)
We evaluated the effects of a lightning-initiated fire on resprouting responses of perennial grasses at the population level. Following a fire in July 1998, 25 experimental plots were established on the eastern edge of MacKenzie Flats at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge. Ten of these plots were located in a Bouteloua gracilis (blue grama)-dominated site, while 15 were established in an area dominated by Bouteloua eriopoda (black grama). We evaluated basal cover of perennial grasses in systematically positioned quadrats (subsamples) within plots immediately after the fire (last week of July 1998), and in September-October 2001.
Effects of Herbivores on Seed Banks of Grass and Shrublands at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (2004)
Grazers and granivores have the potential to affect seed banks. Several studies have examined the impact of these herbivores on the aboveground vegetation, but few have looked at how they influence the seed bank. I asked whether both grazers and granivores alter the seed bank at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge. Long-term experimental plots were installed in 1996 to exclude grazers and granivores from a grassland and shrubland. Soil samples were collected from these plots and seeds were germinated in a greenhouse. The grassland had significantly more species in its seed bank than the shrubland. Also, the seed bank composition differed significantly between the two sites. However, the number of species in the seed bank did not vary among herbivore treatments nor did total seed numbers vary among treatments at the grassland. At the shrubland, in contrast, plots that excluded both herbivores had fewer total seeds than control plots and plots where only grazers were excluded. Therefore, although herbivores play some role in the shrubland, herbivores do not reduce seed numbers at either site. Thus, seed bank size is not controlled by the consumption of seeds from these herbivores, but by some other factor (e.g. disturbance or abiotic events).
Biannual Grass Demography Study at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1989-1993)
This project was designed to investigate the response of plant growth and reproduction to short- and long-term variation in biotic and abiotic environmental variables. Several perennial taxa, including tree (Juniperus monsperma and Pinus edulis), shrub (Larrea tridentata) and bunch grasses (Oryzopsis hymenoides (now Achnaterum hymenoides) and Sporobolus contractus) species, were monitored at 1-3 sites differing in elevation and topography as well as edaphic variables and annual precipitation. The sites represented optimal or marginal/transitional zones for particular species. Demographic measurements were made biannually, after the 'wet' (fall) and 'dry' (spring) seasons. For tree and shrub species, estimates of growth and reproduction were based on branch demography, with ten branch tips from 10-20 individuals per species per site repeatedly measured from 1989-1993. For J. monsperma, P. edulis and L. tridentata, vegetative growth (i.e., branch growth) as well as reproduction were monitored. Additional measurements included needle length for P. edulis and leaf production, leaf size and branchlet production for L. tridentata. For grasses, basal diameter, leaf length and reproduction were monitored for 100 individuals per species per site. This project, SEV027, contains only data on grass demography. Data on other variables and species is contained in SEV006, SEV024, SEV025, SEV026, and SEV028.
SGS-LTER Long Term Nitrogen Percentages in Grass, Forb and Shrub Species on the Central Plains Experimental Range, Nunn, Colorado, USA 1983 - 2008, ARS Stusy Number 6
This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. Additional information and referenced materials can be found: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/83462. Aboveground plant nitrogen dynamics monitoring consists of two separate data sets. a) Long-term peak-crop nitrogen concentrations have been sampled since 1983 annually from sites sampled for ANPP estimates across the CPER. Plots are clipped for ANPP in August each year and include moderately grazed sites in sections 24 and 25, ungrazed treatments at ESA and owl creek, coarse textured soils in owl creek, fine textured soils in section 25, as well as three catena topopositions in section 24. These datasets have been designed for monitoring and so it is advised to consider calcuating average based at the transect level. B) Seasonal dynamics of life-form (dominant grass, forb, shrub species) nitrogen concentrations were obtained from random grab samples of aboveground plant tissue are taken monthly from May-Aug. and in Oct., Dec., Feb., and April from 1983 – 2007 at sites where ANPP has been collected since 1983 (ESA, ridge, mid-slope and swale in section 24). The objectives are to assess annual/seasonal weather and site productivity/management with quantity and quality of forage and/or litter production. Combined, these two data sets also provide an estimate of nitrogen yield
Transplanted grasses on Hog Island, VA 2014-2015
This dataset documents our data from a transplant experiment on the south end of Hog Island. 180 individual transplants, 60 of each of three common east coast dune grasses, Ammophila breviligulata, Spartina patens, and Uniola paniculata were planted from the crest of the foredune to the high water mark. Each month during the growing seasons (May-October) of 2014 and 2015, the longest leaf of the plant was recorded as a proxy for plant health, as well as the elevation at each plant site. The data here are those measurements.
Data from : Historical legacies and ecological determinants of grass naturalizations worldwide
<p>The global distribution of exotic species is the result of abiotic, biotic and dispersal<br> filtering processes that shape the movement and success of species outside their native<br> range. In this study we aim to understand how these filtering processes drive the fluxes<br> of grass species among regions, the factors that influence which species establish outside<br> of their native range, and where they do so.</p> <p><br> We used national and subnational checklists of native and introduced grass species<br> to determine the extent to which each region was a source or recipient of exotic grass<br> species. We asked how species traits may distinguish those grass species that have naturalized<br> outside their native range from those that have not, and how environmental<br> conditions are related to the distribution of exotic grass species.</p> <p><br> We found that exotic grass establishment is shaped by an array of factors including<br> characteristics of regions, traits of species and their interactions. Regions with a longer<br> history of human occupation and larger numbers of native grass species were generally<br> the most important sources of exotic species. Global flows of species were mostly<br> driven by a climate match between the native and exotic ranges, but were also highly<br> asymmetric, with regions with recent human arrival being the major hosts of exotic<br> grass species. Tall, annual and C4 grass species exhibited particularly high probabilities<br> of establishment outside their native range.</p> <p><br> Despite the idiosyncrasy and stochasticity characteristic of exotic species establishment,<br> this biogeographical analysis revealed important generalities across this large<br> plant group. Our results suggest that grass species that have co-occurred with humans<br> for a longer time may be better adapted to living in anthropogenic landscapes, explaining<br> the global asymmetry in species introductions.</p>
Data from: Aridity exacerbates grazing-induced rangeland degradation: a population approach for dominant grasses
<p>1. The current human-induced intensification of grazing pressure and the increase of aridity as a result of climate alterations are unprecedented and have been identified as the main drivers that cause desertification in rangelands worldwide. In these ecosystems, human well-being mostly depends on plant species that provide forage for domestic herbivores. However, scarce evidence exists about the interaction between regional aridity level and human-induced disturbances as determinants of forage plant populations' structure and dynamics.</p> <p>2. We studied the effects of domestic grazing intensification on the population structure of dominant native grasses, in three rangeland sites located across a regional aridity gradient: a semi-desert (high-aridity site), a shrub-grass steppe (intermediate-aridity site) and a grass steppe (low-aridity site). We also studied the effect of two-year grazing exclusion on plant growth of a key native forage grass species common to the three sites.</p> <p>3. Grazing decreased total grass density and increased the frequency of small plants in all sites, particularly for forage species. However, the size of the grazing intensification effect was the greatest in the high-aridity site, where intensive grazing produced a ten-fold reduction of grass density. Moreover, plant recovery (growth) after grazing exclusion was lower as aridity increased.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications. Our study provides evidence of a negative synergistic effect of grazing pressure and aridity that may lead to the collapse of grass populations. Long-term grazing intensification degrades the population structure of grasses, particularly in high-aridity sites, where the forage provision is substantially reduced. These results refute the hypothesis that plant-traits of dominant species adapted to high-aridity allow them to resist herbivory. Besides, high-aridity delays plant recovery after defoliation (low resilience). The management of both the grazing pressure and the length of grazing-rest according to the ecological-site aridity are key aspects for maintaining the forage provision of rangelands. Monitoring plant populations' structure through time and space strengthens inferences about responses of forage species to ongoing changes in disturbance and stress regimes. This knowledge is complementary to regional and worldwide monitoring endeavors based on land cover, and it contributes to the robust design of sustainable management of global rangelands.</p>
Data from: Gene expression differs in codominant prairie grasses under drought
<p>Grasslands of the Central US are expected to experience severe droughts and other climate extremes in the future, yet we know little about how these grasses will respond in terms of gene expression. We compared gene expression in Andropogon gerardii and Sorghastrum nutans, two closely related co-dominant C4 grasses responsible for the majority of ecosystem function, using RNA-seq.</p> <p>We compared Trinity assemblies within each species to determine annotated functions of transcripts responding to drought. Subsequently, we compared homologous annotated gene-groups across the two species using cross-species meta-level analysis and functional clustering based on key terms. The majority of variation was found between species, as opposed to between drought and watered treatments. However, there is evidence for differential responses; Andropogon allocated gene expression differently compared to Sorghastrum, suggesting Andropogon focuses on stress alleviation (such as oxygen radical scavenging) rather than prevention.</p> <p>In contrast, Sorghastrum may employ a drought avoidance strategy by modulating osmotic response, especially with hormonal regulation. We found Sorghastrum tended to be more sensitive within 10 key gene-groups related to stress, abscisic acid, and trichomes, suggesting gene expression may mechanistically parallel sensitivity at the physiological level. Our findings corroborate phenotypic and physiological differences in the field, and may help explain the phenotypic mechanisms of these two species in the tallgrass prairie community under future drought scenarios.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.