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235 results for “host-parasite”
Data from: Host-parasite network structure is associated with community-level immunogenetic diversity
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Parasite turnover zone at secondary contact: a new pattern in host-parasite population genetics
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Data from: An invasive species reverses the roles in a host-parasite relationship between bitterling fish and unionid mussels
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Latitudinal influence on gametogenesis and host-parasite ecology in a marine bivalve model
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Data from: Patterns of host-parasite adaptation in three populations of monarch butterflies infected with a naturally occurring protozoan disease: virulence, resistance, and tolerance
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Host-Parasite biogeographic interactions: modelling the distribution of Phyllotis xanthopygus rodents complex and their flea assemblage using the favorability function
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Data from: Predators can influence the host-parasite dynamics of their prey via non-consumptive effects
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Data from: Starving the enemy? Feeding behavior shapes host-parasite interactions
The loss of appetite that typically accompanies infection or the mere exposure to parasites is traditionally considered a negative by-product of infection, benefitting neither the host nor the parasite. In fact, numerous medical and veterinary practices directly or indirectly subvert this 'illness-mediated anorexia'. However, the ecological factors that influence it, its effects on disease outcomes, or why it evolved remains poorly resolved. We explore how hosts use anorexia to defend against infection and how parasites can manipulate anorexia to enhance transmission. Then, we use a coevolutionary model to illustrate how changes to anorexia could alter disease dynamics and virulence evolution. Anorexia could be exploited to improve host health and disease management; we propose an interdisciplinary approach to minimize unintended consequences.
Data from: Running with the Red Queen: host-parasite coevolution selects for biparental sex
Most organisms reproduce through outcrossing, even though it comes with significant costs. The Red Queen hypothesis proposes that selection from coevolving pathogens facilitates the persistence of outcrossing in spite of these costs. We utilized experimental coevolution to test the Red Queen hypothesis, and found that coevolution with a bacterial pathogen (Serratia marcescens) resulted in significantly more outcrossing in mixed mating experimental populations of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Furthermore, we found that coevolution with the pathogen rapidly drove obligately selfing populations to extinction, while outcrossing populations persisted through reciprocal coevolution. Thus, consistent with the Red Queen hypothesis, coevolving pathogens can select for biparental sex.
Data from: Spatial heterogeneity lowers rather than increases host-parasite specialization
Abiotic environmental heterogeneity can promote the evolution of diverse resource specialists, which in turn may increase the degree of host-parasite specialization. We coevolved Pseudomonas fluorescens and lytic phage ϕ2 in spatially structured populations, each consisting of two interconnected subpopulations evolving in the same or different nutrient media (homogeneous and heterogeneous environments, respectively). Counter to the normal expectation, host-parasite specialization was significantly lower in heterogeneous compared with homogeneous environments. This result could not be explained by dispersal homogenizing populations, as this would have resulted in the heterogeneous treatments having levels of specialization equal to or greater than that of the homogeneous environments. We argue that selection for costly generalists is greatest when the coevolving species are exposed to diverse environmental conditions and that this can provide an explanation for our results. A simple coevolutionary model of this process suggests that this can be a general mechanism by which environmental heterogeneity can reduce rather than increase host-parasite specialization.
TABLE 3. Host-Parasite list. A in Checklist of helminth parasites of Goodeinae (Osteichthyes: Cyprinodontiformes: Goodeidae), an endemic subfamily of freshwater fishes from Mexico
<p>TABLE <b>3.</b> Host-Parasite list. A = Adult, M = Metacercariae, Mt = Metacestode, L = Third Stage Larvae, C = Cystacanth.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Host</th><th>Helminth parasite</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><b>Tribe: Chapalichthyini</b> <b><i>Ameca splendens</i> Miller & Fitzsimons</b></th><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Digenea</td><td><i>Ascocotyle tenuicollis</i> (M) <i>Saccocoeliodes sogandaresi</i> (A)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Monogenea</td><td><i>Salsuginus angularis</i> (A)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Nematoda</td><td><i>Rhabdochona lichtenfelsi</i> (A)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Acanthocephala</td><td><i>Polymorphus brevis</i> (C)</td></tr><tr><th><b><i>Alloophorus robustus</i> Bean</b></th><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Digenea</td><td><i>Clinostomun</i> cf. <i>marginatum</i> (M) <i>Margotrema bravoae</i> (A) <i>Posthodiplostomum minimum</i> (M)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Cestoda</td><td><i>Bothriocephalus acheilognathi</i> (A) <i>Cyclustera</i> cf. <i>ralli</i> (Mt) Dilepididae gen. sp. (Mt) <i>Proteocephalus</i> sp. (Mt) <i>Proteocephalus longicollis</i> (A)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Nematoda</td><td><i>Contracaecum</i> sp. (L) <i>Eustrongylides</i> sp. (L) <i>Gnathostoma</i> sp. (L) <i>Pseudocapillaria tomentosa</i> (A) <i>Rhabdochona lichtenfelsi</i> (A) <i>Serpinema trispinosum</i> (L) <i>Spiroxys</i> sp. (L)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Acanthocephala</td><td><i>Polymorphus brevis</i> (C) <i>Pomphorhynchus</i> cf. <i>bulbocolli</i> (A)</td></tr><tr><th><b><i>Chapalichthys encaustus</i> Jordan & Snyder</b></th><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Digenea</td><td><i>Clinostomun</i> cf. <i>marginatum</i> (M)</td></tr></tbody></table>
Fig. 4 in Role of temperature and carbonate system variability on a host-parasite system: Implications for the gigantism hypothesis
Fig. 4. (A) Growth and (B) metabolic rates of parasitized (gray bars) and nonparasitized (white bars) of P. purpuratus from central site (Quintay), subject to 12 and 18 ̊C. Bars indicate ± 1 standard error. Asterisk indicates significant differences between parasitism condition (p <0.001).
Fig. 2 in Role of temperature and carbonate system variability on a host-parasite system: Implications for the gigantism hypothesis
Fig. 2. Total shell length of adults parasitized (gray bars) and non-parasitized (white bars) individuals of P. purpuratus from central (Quintay) and southern populations (Concepción). Bars indicate ± 1 standard error. Asterisk indicates significant differences between parasitism condition (p <0.001).
Fig. 3 in Role of temperature and carbonate system variability on a host-parasite system: Implications for the gigantism hypothesis
Fig. 3. Least square means (LSM), the predicted value of the response variable at the mean value of the covariate (Shell Length) in ANCOVA. Responses are (A) total weight, (B) soft tissue weight, (C) shell weight, (D) volume, (E) CaCO3, and (D) LSM of the shell surface of P. purpuratus from central (Quintay) and southern populations (Concepción). Gray bars represent parasitized individuals and white bars, non-parasitized individuals. Asterisk indicates significant differences between parasitism condition, and letter indicates significant differences between sites (p <0.001).
Fig. 8 in Arthropod parasites of Antarctic and Subantarctic birds and pinnipeds: A review of host-parasite associations
Fig. 8. Distribution of the number of parasite species/subspecies recorded in relation to the number of host species known to breed at the different Antarctic sub-regions, excluding stragglers and contaminants. Legend: AAP = Antarctic Peninsula (including South Shetland Islands and Palmer Archipelago), AWS = Antarctica Weddell Sea sector, AAT = Antarctica Atlantic Ocean sector (including Bouvet Island), AIW = Antarctica Indian Ocean West sector, AIE = Antarctica Indian Ocean East sector, ARS = Antarctica Ross Sea sector (including Scott and Balleny Islands), APW = Antarctica Pacific Ocean West sector, APE = Antarctica Pacific Ocean East sector (including Peter I Island), SOI = South Orkney Island, SGI = South Georgia Island, SSI = South Sandwich Islands, PEI = Prince Edward Islands, CRI = Crozet Islands, KEI = Kerguelen Islands, HMI = Heard and McDonald Islands.
FIGURE 3 in A checklist of sucking lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Anoplura) associated with Mexican wild mammals, including geographical records and a host-parasite list
FIGURE 3. Geographical distribution of Polyplacidae reported from Mexico.
FIGURE 2 in A checklist of sucking lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Anoplura) associated with Mexican wild mammals, including geographical records and a host-parasite list
FIGURE 2. Geographical distribution of Hoplopleuridae reported from Mexico.
FIGURE 42 in Mites of the subgenus Microtimyobia (Acariformes: Myobiidae: Radfordia) and their host-parasite relationships with cricetid rodents (Cricetidae) 2954
FIGURE 42. Radfordia (M.) zibethicalis (Radford, 1936), female. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view.
FIGURE 43 in Mites of the subgenus Microtimyobia (Acariformes: Myobiidae: Radfordia) and their host-parasite relationships with cricetid rodents (Cricetidae) 2954
FIGURE 43. Radfordia (M.) zibethicalis (Radford, 1936), male. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view.
FIGURE 7 in Mites of the subgenus Microtimyobia (Acariformes: Myobiidae: Radfordia) and their host-parasite relationships with cricetid rodents (Cricetidae) 2954
FIGURE 7. Radfordia (M.) lemnina (Koch, 1841), details—genital cone of males and setae m.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.