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261
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261 results for “hypothesis testing”
Body size and digestive system shape resource selection by ungulates: a cross-taxa test of the Forage Maturation Hypothesis
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Data from: Nitrogen saturation in humid tropical forests after 6 years of nitrogen and phosphorus addition: hypothesis testing
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Data from: Testing the assumptions of the pyrodiversity begets biodiversity hypothesis for termites in semi-arid Australia
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Data from: The lek mating system of the worm pipefish (Nerophis lumbriciformis): a molecular maternity analysis and test of the phenotype-linked fertility hypothesis
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A test of the predator naiveté hypothesis using desert pupfishes: History of isolation does not matter
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Data from: Is sex advantageous in adverse environments? A test of the abandon-ship hypothesis
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Data from: Geographic variation of life-history traits in the sand lizard, Lacerta agilis: testing Darwin's fecundity-advantage hypothesis
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Data from: Wide but not impermeable: Testing the riverine barrier hypothesis for an Amazonian plant species
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Data from: Comparison of population-genetic structuring in congeneric kelp- versus rock-associated snails: a test of a dispersal-by-rafting hypothesis
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Data from: Demographic and population-genetic tests provide mixed support for the abundant center hypothesis in the endemic plant Leavenworthia stylosa
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Data from: Testing an hypothesis of hybrid zone movement for toads in France
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Data from: Eggshells as hosts of bacterial communities: an experimental test of the antimicrobial egg coloration hypothesis
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Data from: Sexual signals reveal males’ oxidative stress defenses: testing the hypothesis in an invertebrate
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Data from: A global test of the cold-climate hypothesis for the evolution of viviparity of squamate reptiles
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Data from: Origins of global mountain plant biodiversity: testing the “mountain-geobiodiversity hypothesis”
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Data from: Phylogenomic incongruence, hypothesis testing, and taxonomic sampling: the monophyly of characiform fishes
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Testing the multiple stressor hypothesis: chlorothalonil exposure alters transmission potential of a bumblebee pathogen but not individual host health
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Data from: A test of the niche variation hypothesis in a ruminant herbivore
<p class="MsoPlainText">1. Despite the shared prediction that the width of a population's dietary niche expands as food becomes limiting, the Niche Variation Hypothesis (NVH) and Optimal Foraging Theory (OFT) offer contrasting views about how individuals alter diet selection when food is limited.</p> <p class="MsoPlainText">2. Classical OFT predicts that dietary preferences do not change as food becomes limiting, so individuals expand their diets as they compensate for a lack of preferred foods. In contrast, the NVH predicts that among-individual variation in cognition, physiology, or morphology create functional trade-offs in foraging efficiency, thereby causing individuals to specialize on different subsets of food.</p> <p class="MsoPlainText">3. To evaluate (a) the predictions of the NVH and OFT and (b) evidence for physiological and cognitive-based functional trade-offs, we used DNA microsatellites and metabarcoding to quantify the diet, microbiome, and genetic relatedness (a proxy for social learning) of 218 moose (Alces alces) across six populations that varied in their degree of food limitation.</p> <p class="MsoPlainText">4. Consistent with both the NVH and OFT, dietary niche breadth increased with food limitation. Increased diet breadth of individuals—rather than increased diet specialization—was strongly correlated with both food limitation and dietary niche breadth of populations, indicating that moose foraged in accordance with OFT. Diets were not constrained by inheritance of the microbiome or inheritance of diet selection, offering support for the little-tested hypothesis that functional trade-offs in food use (or lack thereof) determine whether populations adhere to the predictions of the NVH or OFT.</p> <p class="MsoPlainText">5. Our results indicate that both the absence of strong functional trade-offs and the digestive physiology of ruminants provide contexts under which populations should forage in accordance with OFT rather than the NVH. Also, because dietary niche width increased with increased food limitation, OFT and the NVH provide theoretical support for the notion that plant-herbivore interaction networks are plastic rather than static, which has important implications for understanding interspecific niche partitioning. Lastly, because population-level dietary niche breadth and calf recruitment are correlated, and because calf recruitment is a proxy for food limitation, our work demonstrates how diet data can be employed to understand a populations' proximity to carrying capacity.</p>
Data from: Aerobic power and flight capacity in birds: a phylogenetic test of the heart-size hypothesis
Flight capacity is one of the most important innovations in animal evolution; it only evolved in insects, birds, mammals and the extinct pterodactyls. Given that powered flight represents a demanding aerobic activity, an efficient cardiovascular system is essential for the continuous delivery of oxygen to the pectoral muscles during flight. It is well known that the limiting step in the circulation is stroke volume (the volume of blood pumped from the ventricle to the body during each beat), which is determined by the size of the ventricle. Thus, the fresh mass of the heart represents a simple and repeatable anatomic measure of aerobic power of an animal. Although several authors have already compared heart masses across bird species, a phylogenetic comparative analysis of these comparisons is still lacking. Compiling heart sizes for 915 species and applying several statistical procedures controlling for body size and/or testing for adaptive trends in the dataset (e.g., model selection approaches, phylogenetic generalized linear models), we found that (residuals of) heart sizes are consistently associated with four categories of flight capacity. In general, our results indicate that species exhibiting continuous hovering flight (i.e., hummingbirds) have substantially larger hearts than do other groups, that species that use flapping flight and gliding show intermediate values, and that species categorized as poor flyers show the smallest values. Our study shows that at a broad scale, routine flight modes seem to have shaped the energetic requirements of birds sufficiently to be anatomically detected at the comparative level.
Data from: Colour as a backup for scent in the presence of olfactory noise: testing the efficacy backup hypothesis using bumblebees (Bombus terrestris)
The majority of floral displays simultaneously broadcast signals from multiple sensory modalities, but these multimodal displays come at both a metabolic cost and an increased conspicuousness to floral antagonists. Why then do plants invest in these costly multimodal displays? The efficacy backup hypothesis suggests that individual signal components act as a backup for others in the presence of environmental variability. Here, we test the efficacy backup hypothesis by investigating the ability of bumblebees to differentiate between sets of artificial flowers in the presence of either chemical interference or high wind speeds, both of which have the potential to impede the transmission of olfactory signals. We found that both chemical interference and high wind speeds negatively affected forager learning times, but these effects were mitigated in the presence of a visual signal component. Our results suggest that visual signals can act as a backup for olfactory signals in the presence of chemical interference and high wind speeds, and support the efficacy backup hypothesis as an explanation for the evolution of multimodal floral displays.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.