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409 results for “information use”
Data from: Cultural influence of social information use in pedestrian road-crossing behaviours
Social information use is common in a wide range of group-living animals, notably in humans. The role it plays in decision-making could be a key to understanding how social groups make collective decisions. The observation of road-crossing behaviours in the presence of other individuals is an ideal means to study the influence of social information on decision-making. This study investigated the influence of culture on social information used by pedestrians in a potentially dangerous scenario, namely road crossing. We scored the collective crossing of pedestrians at four locations in Nagoya (Japan) and three locations in Strasbourg (France). French pedestrians cross against the lights much more often (41.9%) than Japanese ones (2.1%). Individuals deciding to cross the road were strongly influenced by the behaviour and the presence of other pedestrians, especially in Japan, where a stronger conformism was noted. However, Japanese pedestrians were half as likely to be influenced by social information as their French counterparts when crossing at the red light, as they were more respectful of rules. Men show riskier behaviour than women (40.6% versus 25.7% of rule-breaking, respectively), deciding quickly and setting off earlier than women. Further related studies could help target specific preventive, culture-specific solutions for pedestrian safety.
Behavioral and chemical composition data for: Maternal and personal information mediates the use of social cues about predation risk
<p></p><p>Organisms can gain information about predation risks from their parents, their own personal experience, and their conspecifics and adjust their behavior to alleviate these risks. These different sources of information can, however, provide conflicting information due to spatial and temporal variation of the environment. This raises the question of how these cues are integrated to produce adaptive antipredator behavior. We investigated how common lizards (Zootoca vivipara) adjust the use of conspecific cues about predation risk depending on whether the information is maternally or personally acquired. We experimentally manipulated the presence of predator scent in gestating mothers and their offspring in a full-crossed design. We then tested the consequences for social information use by monitoring offspring social response to conspecifics previously exposed to predator cues or not. Lizards were more attracted to the scent of conspecifics having experienced predation cues when they had themselves no personal information about predation risk. In contrast, they were more repulsed by conspecific scent when they had personally obtained information about predation risk. However, the addition of maternal information about predation risk canceled out this interactive effect between personal and social information: lizards were slightly more attracted to conspecific scent when these two sources of information about predation risk were in agreement. A chemical analysis of lizard scent revealed that exposure to predator cues modified the chemical composition of lizard scents, a change that might underlie lizards' use of social information. Our results highlight the importance of considering multiple sources of information while studying antipredator defenses.</p><p></p>
Predation risk shapes the use of conflicting personal risk and social safety information in guppies
<p>When faced with uncertainty, animals can benefit from using multiple sources of information in order to make an optimal decision. However, information sources (e.g., social and personal cues) may conflict, while also varying in acquisition cost and reliability. Here, we assessed behavioral decisions of Trinidadian guppies (<i>Poecilia reticulata</i>), in situ, when presented with conflicting social and personal information about predation risk. We positioned foraging arenas within high- and low-predation streams, where guppies were exposed to a personal cue in the form of conspecific alarm cues (a known indicator of risk), a novel cue, or a control. At the same time, a conspecific shoal (a social safety cue) was either present or absent. When social safety was absent, guppies in both populations showed typical avoidance responses towards alarm cues, and high-predation guppies showed their typical avoidance of novel cues (i.e., neophobia). However, the presence of social safety cues was persuasive, overriding the neophobia of high-predation guppies and emboldening low-predation guppies to ignore alarm cues. Our experiment is one of the first to empirically assess the use of safety and risk cues in prey, and suggests a threshold level of ambient risk which dictates the use of conflicting social and personal information.</p>
Cognitive maps in the wild: Revealing the use of metric information in black howler monkeys' route navigation
<p>When navigating, wild animals rely on internal representations of the external world to take movement decisions – called "cognitive maps". As a rule, flexible navigation is hypothesized to be supported by sophisticated spatial skills (i.e., Euclidean cognitive maps); however, constrained movements along habitual routes is the most commonly reported navigation strategy. Even though incorporating metric information (i.e., distances and angles between locations) in route-based cognitive maps would likely enhance an animal's navigation efficiency, there has been no evidence of this strategy reported for non-human animals to date. Here, we examine the properties of the cognitive map used by a wild population of primates by testing a series of cognitive hypotheses against spatially-explicit movement simulations. We collected 3104 hours of ranging and behavioural data on five groups of black howler monkeys (<i>Alouatta pigra</i>) at Palenque National Park, Mexico, from September 2016 through August 2017. We simulated correlated-random walks mimicking the ranging behaviour of the study subjects and tested for differences between observed and simulated movement patterns. Our results indicated that black howler monkeys engaged in constrained movement patterns characterized by a high path recursion tendency, which limited their capacity to travel in straight lines and approach feeding trees from multiple directions. In addition, we found that the structure of observed route networks was more complex and efficient than simulated route networks, suggesting that black howler monkeys incorporate metric information into their cognitive map. Our findings not only expand the use of metric information during route navigation to non-human animals but also highlight the importance of considering efficient route-based navigation as a cognitively demanding mechanism.</p>
Figure 5 in Exploring phylogenetic informativeness and nuclear copies of mitochondrial DNA (numts) in three commonly used mitochondrial genes: mitochondrial phylogeny of peppermint, cleaner, and semi-terrestrial shrimps (Caridea: Lysmata, Exhippolysmata, and Merguia)
Figure 5. Phylogenetic informativeness of three mtDNA gene fragments (16S, 12S, and COI) in peppermint, cleaner, and semi-terrestrial shrimps. (A) Phylogenetic informativeness (PI) profiles of the three different mtDNA gene fragments studied through relative time in shrimps from the genera Lysmata, Exhippolysmata, and Merguia. The sum of the instantaneous asymptotic informativeness of all sites in each gene is plotted. The arrows and numbers above or below them indicate the relative time (arrow) and magnitude (numbers) at which PI reaches its maximum value. (B) Tree topology resulting from the maximum-likelihood analysis of the sequences studied with a relative time-enforced branch length. This phylogeny was used to calculate the PI profiles in panel (A). Species pertaining to the different monophyletic clades previously revealed by the combined analyses of the three mtDNA gene fragments are highlighted with different colours, as in Figure 3.
Figure 7. Neighbour-nets generated using SplitsTree4 in Exploring phylogenetic informativeness and nuclear copies of mitochondrial DNA (numts) in three commonly used mitochondrial genes: mitochondrial phylogeny of peppermint, cleaner, and semi-terrestrial shrimps (Caridea: Lysmata, Exhippolysmata, and Merguia)
Figure 7. Neighbour-nets generated using SplitsTree4 from the three mtDNA gene fragments studied (16S, 12S, and COI) in shrimps from the genera Lysmata, Exhippolysmata, and Merguia. Species pertaining to the different monophyletic clades previously revealed by the combined analyses of the three mtDNA gene fragments are highlighted with different colours, as in Figure 3. Abbreviations: LA, Lysmata ankeri; LABP, Lysmata cf. vittata; LAM, Lysmata amboinensis; LARG, Lysmata argentopuctata; LBA, Lysmata bahia; LBO, Lysmata boggessi; LCA, Lysmata californica; LD, Lysmata debelius; LGA, Lysmata galapagensis; LGB, Lysmata grabhami; LGR, Lysmata gracilirostris; LH, Lysmata hochi; LHO, Lysmata holthuisi; LI, Lysmata intermedia; LIM2, Lysmata cf. intermedia; LK, Lysmata kuekenthali; LM, Lysmata moorei; LN, Lysmata nayaritensis; LNI, Lysmata nilita; LO, Lysmata olavoi; LP, Lysmata pederseni; LRA, Lysmata rafa; LSET, Lysmata seticaudata; LT, Lysmata cf. ternatensis; LV, Lysmata vittata; LU, Lysmata udoi; LWEF, Lysmata wurdemanni EFL; LWG, Lysmata wurdemanni TX; LWWF, Lysmata wurdemanni WFL; EXO, Exhippolysmata oplophoroides; EXE, Exhippolysmata ensirostris; MO, Merguia oligodon; MR, Merguia rhizophorae; and NSP, Nikoides sp.
Figure 3 in Exploring phylogenetic informativeness and nuclear copies of mitochondrial DNA (numts) in three commonly used mitochondrial genes: mitochondrial phylogeny of peppermint, cleaner, and semi-terrestrial shrimps (Caridea: Lysmata, Exhippolysmata, and Merguia)
Figure 3. Tree topology resulting from the combined analysis of the three mtDNA gene fragments studied (16S, 12S, and COI) for shrimps from the genus Lysmata (29 taxa), Exhippolysmata (two taxa), Merguia (two taxa), and one out-group (Nikoides sp.), under maximum likelihood (ML). Numbers above or below the branches represent the bootstrap values obtained from the maximum likelihood (ML) analysis in TREEFINDER and posterior probabilities from the Bayesian inference (BI) analysis in MrBayes (ML/BI). The general topology of the trees obtained from ML and BI analyses was the same.
Figure 1 in Exploring phylogenetic informativeness and nuclear copies of mitochondrial DNA (numts) in three commonly used mitochondrial genes: mitochondrial phylogeny of peppermint, cleaner, and semi-terrestrial shrimps (Caridea: Lysmata, Exhippolysmata, and Merguia)
Figure 1. Amino acid usage analysis (mean amino acid count per sequence) for COI reference sequences (from selected species of crustaceans: Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Exopalaemon caricaudinata, Halocaridina rubra, and Cherax destructor), for COI orthologous sequences obtained from shrimps from the genus Lysmata, and for COI-like cloned sequences from Lysmata seticaudata. The error bars in each graph represent the highest and lowest amino acid counts per sequence in the three data sets. Amino acid determination and naming follows the invertebrate mitochondrial translation code, and was performed in MEGA 5.
Figure 2 in Exploring phylogenetic informativeness and nuclear copies of mitochondrial DNA (numts) in three commonly used mitochondrial genes: mitochondrial phylogeny of peppermint, cleaner, and semi-terrestrial shrimps (Caridea: Lysmata, Exhippolysmata, and Merguia)
Figure 2. Tree topologies resulting from the analysis of COI-like cloned sequences from Lysmata seticaudata and mtDNA COI gene fragments for shrimps from the genus Lysmata (29 taxa), Exhippolysmata (two taxa), Merguia (two taxa), and one out-group (Nikoides sp.), under maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI). Numbers above or below the branches represent the bootstrap values obtained from the ML analysis in TREEFINDER, and posterior probabilities from the BI analysis in MrBayes.
Matrix aggregation of species of Phyla Annelida (Polychaeta), Mollusca, Arthropoda (Decapoda, Stomatopoda, Amphipoda, and Chelicerata), and Echinodermata registered of the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico region by Ocean Biodiversity Information Systems of the research "Evaluation of the use of Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) for capturing the biological diversity of two coral reefs in the Yucatán Península, México"
<p>This database consists of an aggregation matrix of species from Ocean Biodiversity Information Systems using as geographic filters the Caribbean Sea region (ID 34287) and the Gulf of Mexico region (ID 34287) nomenclature and hierarchical classification of each Phyla from World Register of Marine Species used for the calculation of average taxonomic distinction of species belonging to the Phyla Annelida (Polychaeta), Mollusca, Arthropoda (Decapoda, Stomatopoda, Amphipoda, and Chelicerata), and Echinodermata associated to Autonomous Reefs Monitoring Structures from the research “Evaluation of the use of Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) to estimate cryptic diversity in two coral reefs of the Yucatan Península, México”</p> <p><strong>*Corresponding autor: </strong>edlinguerra@gmail.com</p> <p>BIS Ocean Biodiversity Information System. Available online: <a href="http://www.iobis.org/">www.iobis.org</a>.</p> <p>Horton, T.; Gofas, S.; Kroh, A.; Poore, G.C.B.; Read, G.; Rosenberg, G.; Stöhr, S.; Bailly, N.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Brandão, S.N.; et al. Improving nomenclatural consistency: A decade of experience in the World Register of Marine Species. <em>Eur. J. Taxon.</em> <strong>2017</strong>, <em>2017</em>, doi:10.5852/ejt.2017.389.</p> <p><span lang="EN-US">was produced in collaboration with the Biodiversidad Marina de Yucatán project. </span><a href="https://www.bdmy.org.mx/carteles-publicaciones/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.bdmy.org.mx/,</a> Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México and Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores</p>
Microseismic source imaging using physics-informed neural networks with hard constraints
<p>Locating subsurface seismic sources is crucial to both seismic monitoring and seismology. We propose a novel direct source imaging framework based on physics-informed neural networks with hard constraints. In this letter, we present the relevant dataset to the paper. </p>
Modeling water flow and solute transport in unsaturated soils using physics-informed neural networks trained with geoelectrical data
<p>Numerical codes and results for the article: Modeling water flow and solute transport in unsaturated soils using physics-informed neural networks trained with geoelectrical data</p>
Supporting Information for Complementary Elucidation of the Molecular Characteristics of Groundwater Dissolved Organic Matter using Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Negative and Positive-Ion Electrospray Ionization
<p>These four spreadsheets are Table S1, Table S2, Table S3 and Table S4 of the Supporting information for the ES&T manuscript entitled "<strong>Complementary Elucidation of the Molecular Characteristics of Groundwater Dissolved Organic Matter using Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Negative and Positive-Ion Electrospray Ionization</strong>".</p>
Code for manuscript "Analysis of dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MRI using physics-informed deep learning"
<p>This is the processing code and in vivo statistics for the manuscript "Analysis of dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MRI using physics-informed deep learning".</p>
Supporting Information for "Broadening the scope of binding free energy calculations using a Separated Topologies approach"
<p>Supporting Information for the publication "Broadening the scope of binding free energy calculations using a Separated Topologies approach" including input files for the datasets used in that study.</p>
Supplementary information of "Chemical and opto-electronic properties of a new indacenodithiophene-carbazole derivative and its use on OLED devices"
<p>This repository contains raw data of experimental measurements for those figures where a X-Y plots are presented and high quality pictures for the article titled "Chemical and opto-electronic properties of a new indacenodithiophene-carbazole derivative and its use on OLED devices".</p> <p> </p>
Fig. 5 in Streamlined targeting of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids from the bulbs of Crinum scillifolium using spectrometric and taxonomically-informed scoring metabolite annotations
Fig. 5. Comparison of the experimental ECD spectra of 2 and calculated ECD spectra for stereoisomer of 2 shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 1. Overall molecular network obtained from MZmine2 in Streamlined targeting of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids from the bulbs of Crinum scillifolium using spectrometric and taxonomically-informed scoring metabolite annotations
Fig. 1. Overall molecular network obtained from MZmine2-preprocessed HPLC-MS2 data of C. scillifolium bulbs crude alkaloid extract and first chromatographic fractions. Triangle-shaped nodes are tentatively-tagged against ISDB and benefit from a taxonomical re-ranking of the tentative candidates (their structures are provided in Fig. S1, Supporting Information). Nodes highlighted in orange correspond to the targeted structures (1–4) in the phytochemical workflow. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 4 in Streamlined targeting of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids from the bulbs of Crinum scillifolium using spectrometric and taxonomically-informed scoring metabolite annotations
Fig. 4. Comparison of the experimental ECD spectrum of 1 and calculated ECD spectrum for the (3S, 4aS, 10bS, 11S) enantiomer.
Figures for 'Global streamflow modelling using process-informed machine learning'
<p>High-quality figures for the article 'Global streamflow modelling using process-informed machine learning' (<a href="https://doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2023.217">https://doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2023.217</a>).</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.