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277 results for “invasion genetics”
Genetic insights into the globally invasive and taxonomically problematic tree genus Prosopis
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Figure 7 from: Ortíz-Gamino D, Gregorio J, Cunha L, Martínez-Romero E, Fragoso C, Ortíz-Ceballos ÁI (2020) Population genetics and diversity structure of an invasive earthworm in tropical and temperate pastures from Veracruz, Mexico. ZooKeys 941: 49-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.941.49319
Figure 7 Classification of Pontoscolex corethrurus individuals according to a Bayesian assignment algorithm implemented in NEWHYBRIDS (Anderson and Thompson 2002) to detect gene flow. Each unit represents an individual corresponding to parental lineages (Lineage A and Lineage B), F1 generation, F2 (F1 x F1) and later generation or introgressive hybrids B1 (Lineage A x F1) and B2 (e.g., Lineage B x F1).
Figure 6 from: Ortíz-Gamino D, Gregorio J, Cunha L, Martínez-Romero E, Fragoso C, Ortíz-Ceballos ÁI (2020) Population genetics and diversity structure of an invasive earthworm in tropical and temperate pastures from Veracruz, Mexico. ZooKeys 941: 49-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.941.49319
Figure 6 Genetic structure using ISSR data for 35 Pontoscolex corethrurus individuals based on discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC). Proportion of eigenvalues in discriminant analysis (bottom left plot) and PCA eigenvalues (bottom right), with the first 12 significant principal components highlighted in black.
Figure 4 from: Ortíz-Gamino D, Gregorio J, Cunha L, Martínez-Romero E, Fragoso C, Ortíz-Ceballos ÁI (2020) Population genetics and diversity structure of an invasive earthworm in tropical and temperate pastures from Veracruz, Mexico. ZooKeys 941: 49-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.941.49319
Figure 4 UPGMA dendrogram of genetic distance between MGLs (A) and between populations (B) observed in the distinct populations of Pontoscolex corethrurus collected in central Veracruz State, Mexico. Only bootstrap values higher than or equal to 70% are shown.
Figure 2 from: Ortíz-Gamino D, Gregorio J, Cunha L, Martínez-Romero E, Fragoso C, Ortíz-Ceballos ÁI (2020) Population genetics and diversity structure of an invasive earthworm in tropical and temperate pastures from Veracruz, Mexico. ZooKeys 941: 49-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.941.49319
Figure 2 Rarefaction curve of expected number of MLGs captured per earthworm of Pontoscolex corethrurus sampled (A), and a MLG accumulation curve according to the number of loci sampled (B).
Figure 3 from: Ortíz-Gamino D, Gregorio J, Cunha L, Martínez-Romero E, Fragoso C, Ortíz-Ceballos ÁI (2020) Population genetics and diversity structure of an invasive earthworm in tropical and temperate pastures from Veracruz, Mexico. ZooKeys 941: 49-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.941.49319
Figure 3 A Principal Components Analysis, where colors indicate specimens of the population (A) and a Minimum Spanning Network where each node denotes a different MLG, with size matching the number of individuals. Edge thickness and color are proportional to absolute genetic distance. Edge lengths are arbitrary (B). Both analyses show the relationship between multilocus genotypes (MLGs) for four different earthworm populations of Pontoscolex corethrurus living in central Veracruz State, Mexico.
Figure 1 from: Ortíz-Gamino D, Gregorio J, Cunha L, Martínez-Romero E, Fragoso C, Ortíz-Ceballos ÁI (2020) Population genetics and diversity structure of an invasive earthworm in tropical and temperate pastures from Veracruz, Mexico. ZooKeys 941: 49-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.941.49319
Figure 1 Pastures sampled in the central region of Veracruz State, Mexico. LV, Laguna verde; AC, Actopan; LC, La Concepción; NA, Naolinco. The digital elevation model was created using data provided by Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía, México.
Figure 5 from: Ortíz-Gamino D, Gregorio J, Cunha L, Martínez-Romero E, Fragoso C, Ortíz-Ceballos ÁI (2020) Population genetics and diversity structure of an invasive earthworm in tropical and temperate pastures from Veracruz, Mexico. ZooKeys 941: 49-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.941.49319
Figure 5 Estimated population genetic structure with a summary plot of Q estimates based on the ISSR data observed for four populations of Pontoscolex corethrurus in central Veracruz State, Mexico. Each individual is shown by a vertical line, which is partitioned into colored segments representing the fraction of the number of members in cluster K (%).
Supplementary material 1 from: Ortíz-Gamino D, Gregorio J, Cunha L, Martínez-Romero E, Fragoso C, Ortíz-Ceballos ÁI (2020) Population genetics and diversity structure of an invasive earthworm in tropical and temperate pastures from Veracruz, Mexico. ZooKeys 941: 49-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.941.49319
Figure S1
Figure 2 in Non-invasive genetic study and population monitoring of the brown bear (Ursus arctos) (Mammalia: Ursidae) in Kastoria region - Greece
Figure 2. (A) Means of estimated LnP (Data) and standard deviations for K = 1 to K = 5. (B) Factorial correspondence analysis plot of multilocus genotypes for 82 brown bear individuals identified in the present study.
Data from: High invasion potential of Hydrilla verticillata in the Americas predicted using ecological niche modeling combined with genetic data
Ecological niche modeling is an effective tool to characterize the spatial distribution of suitable areas for species, and it is especially useful for predicting the potential distribution of invasive species. The widespread submerged plant Hydrilla verticillata (hydrilla) has an obvious phylogeographical pattern: Four genetic lineages occupy distinct regions in native range, and only one lineage invades the Americas. Here, we aimed to evaluate climatic niche conservatism of hydrilla in North America at the intraspecific level and explore its invasion potential in the Americas by comparing climatic niches in a phylogenetic context. Niche shift was found in the invasion process of hydrilla in North America, which is probably mainly attributed to high levels of somatic mutation. Dramatic changes in range expansion in the Americas were predicted in the situation of all four genetic lineages invading the Americas or future climatic changes, especially in South America; this suggests that there is a high invasion potential of hydrilla in the Americas. Our findings provide useful information for the management of hydrilla in the Americas and give an example of exploring intraspecific climatic niche to better understand species invasion.
Data from: Genetic drift during the spread phase of a biological invasion
Recent theoretical and experimental models have evidenced the role played by evolution during species spread, and particularly question the influence of genetic drift at range edges. By investigating the spread of an aquatic invader in patchy habitats, we quantified genetic drift and explored its consequences on genetic diversity and fitness. We examined the interplay of gene flow and genetic drift in 36 populations of the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, in a relatively recently invaded wetland area (30 years, Brière, northwestern France). Despite the small spatial scale of our study (15 km²), populations were highly structured according to the strong barrier of land surfaces and revealed a clear pattern of colonisation through watercourses. Isolated populations exhibited small effective sizes and low dispersal rates that depended on water connectivity, suggesting that genetic drift dominated in the evolution of allele frequencies in these populations. We also observed a significant decrease in the genetic diversity of isolated populations over only a two-year period, but failed to demonstrate an associated fitness cost using fluctuating asymmetry. This study documents the possible strong influence of genetic drift during the spread of a species, and such findings provide critical insights in the current context of profound rearrangements in species distributions due to global change.
Data from: Introduction history and population genetics of intracontinental scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) invasion
Aim Biological invasions at the intracontinental scale are poorly studied, and intracontinental invasions often remain cryptic. Here, we investigate the recent range expansion of scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) into Norway and clarify whether the genetic patterns support a natural spread or human introduction. Furthermore, we investigate whether plants were moved within the native range and how this influences invasion success. We also infer the level and structuring of genetic diversity within and between the putative native and introduced range. Location Europe Methods We analysed the chloroplast sequence variation in 267 scotch broom samples from its northern expansion front and from its native range across Europe, including herbarium samples dating back to 1835. For 37 populations, we analysed variation in nuclear single-nucleotide polymorphic markers to study gene flow and genetic diversity. Results We identified 20 different haplotypes, which lacked spatial and temporal distribution patterns in the recent expansion range in Norway. These also mostly lacked patterns across the native European range of scotch broom. The genetic diversity of nuclear genomic SNP markers across populations in the introduced range was similar to that of populations in the native range, with limited differentiation among populations. Main conclusions Scotch broom is alien to Norway and was introduced by humans on multiple occasions from diverse origins over a long period of time. High propagule pressure has probably maintained the high genetic diversity in the novel range through a combination of genetically diverse source populations and high gene flow among them. Within the native European range, our results suggest the presence of cryptic intraspecific admixture, most likely mediated by humans moving genotypes among the regions occupied by distinct native genotypes. Intracontinental invasions may easily go unnoticed and revealing these invasions and the factors driving them may be of great importance for the management of alien species.
Data from: Genetic diversity and population structure of wild sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Argentina: reconstructing its invasion history
Studying the levels and patterns of genetic diversity of invasive populations is important to understand the evolutionary and ecological factors promoting invasions and for better designing preventive and control strategies. Wild sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is native to North America and was introduced, and has become invasive, in several countries, including Argentina (ARG). Here, using classical population genetic analyses and Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) modelling, we studied the invasion history of wild sunflower in ARG. We analyzed 115 individuals belonging to 15 populations from ARG (invasive range) and United States (US, native range) at 14 nuclear and three chloroplast simple sequence repeat markers along with 23 phenotypic variables. Populations from ARG showed similar levels of nuclear genetic diversity to US populations and higher genetic diversity in the chloroplast genome, indicating no severe genetic bottlenecks during the invasion process. Bayesian clustering analysis, based on nuclear markers, suggests the presence of three genetic clusters, all present in both US and ARG. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) detected an overall low population structure between central US and ARG populations but separated two invasive populations from the rest. ABC modelling supports multiple introductions but also a southward dispersal within ARG. Genetic and phenotypic data support the central US as a source of introduction while the source of secondary introductions could not be resolved. Finally, using genetic markers from the chloroplast genome, we found lower population structure in ARG when compared to US populations, suggesting a role for seed-mediated gene flow in Argentina.
Data from: Tracking the origins of fly invasions; using mitochondrial haplotype diversity to identify potential source populations in two genetically intertwined fruit fly species (Bactrocera carambolae and Bactrocera dorsalis [Diptera: Tephritidae])
Bactrocera carambolae Drew and Hancock and B. dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) are important pests of many fruits. These flies have been spread across the world through global travel and trade, and new areas are are at risk of invasion. Whenever new invasive populations are discovered, quick and accurate identification is needed to mitigate the damage they can cause. Determining invasive pathways can prevent further spread of pests as well as subsequent reinvasions through the same pathway. Molecular markers can be used for both species identification and pathway analysis. We analyzed 1601 individuals from 18 populations using 765 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene to infer the haplotype diversity and population structure within these flies from across their native and invasive ranges. We analyzed these samples by either grouping by species or geographic populations due to the genetic similarity in the mitochondrial genome. We found no genetic structure between B. dorsalis and B. carambolae and our findings suggest recent and most likely ongoing, genetic exchange between these two species in the wild. Hyper-diverse mitochondrial genetic diversity in the native range suggests large population sizes and relatively high mutation rates. Only 52% of the haplotypes found in the trap captures from California are shared with haplotypes from flies found in our global survey, indicating significant genetic diversity in the native range that is missing from our samples. However, these results provide a foundation for the accurate determination of the provenance of invasive populations around the world.
Data from: Adaptive and non-adaptive evolution of trait means and genetic trait correlations for herbivory resistance and performance in an invasive plant
The EICA-hypothesis predicts that invading plants adapt to their novel environment by evolving increased performance and reduced resistance in response to the release from natural enemies, and assumes a resource allocation tradeoff among both trait groups as mechanistic basis of this evolutionary change. Using the plant Silene latifolia as a study system, we tested these predictions by investigating whether 1) invasive populations evolved lower resistance and higher performance, 2) this evolutionary change is indeed adaptive, and 3) there is a negative genetic correlation among performance and resistance (i.e. a tradeoff) in native and introduced individuals. We sampled eight native and eight invasive populations and determined their population co-ancestry based on neutral SSR-markers. We performed controlled crossings to produce five sib-groups per population and exposed them to increased and reduced levels of enemy attack in a full-factorial experiment to estimate performance and resistance. With these data, we performed trait-by-trait comparisons between ranges with 'animal models' that account for population co-ancestry to quantify the amount of variance in traits explained by non-adaptive vs. adaptive evolution. Moreover, we tested for genetic correlations among performance and resistance traits within sib-groups. We found significant reductions in resistance and increases in performance in invasive versus native populations, which could largely be attributed to adaptive evolution. While we detected a non-significant trend towards negative genetic performance × resistance correlations in native populations, invasive populations exhibited both significant and non-significant positive correlations. In summary, these results do not support a shift of performance and resistance trait values along a tradeoff line in response to enemy release, as predicted EICA. They rather suggest that the independent evolution of both traits is not constrained by a tradeoff, and that various selective agents (including resource availability) interact in shaping both traits and in weakening negative genetic correlations in the invaded habitat.
Data from: Population genomic analysis suggests strong influence of river network on spatial distribution of genetic variation in invasive saltcedar across the southwestern US
Understanding the complex influences of landscape and anthropogenic elements that shape the population genetic structure of invasive species provides insight into patterns of colonization and spread. The application of landscape genomics techniques to these questions may offer detailed, previously undocumented insights into factors influencing species invasions. We investigated the spatial pattern of genetic variation and the influences of landscape factors on population similarity in the invasive riparian shrub saltcedar (Tamarix L.) by analyzing 1,997 genome-wide SNP markers for 259 individuals from 25 populations collected throughout the southwestern US. Our results revealed a broad-scale spatial genetic differentiation of saltcedar populations between the Colorado and Rio Grande river basins and identified potential barriers to population similarity along both river systems. River pathways most strongly contributed to population similarity. In contrast, low temperature and dams likely served as barriers to population similarity. We hypothesize that large-scale geographic patterns in genetic diversity resulted from a combination of early introductions from distinct populations, the subsequent influence of natural selection, dispersal barriers, and founder effects during range expansion.
Data from: Genetic uniformity and long-distance clonal dispersal in the invasive androgenetic Corbicula clams
The clam genus Corbicula is an interesting model system to study the evolution of reproductive modes since it includes both sexual and asexual (androgenetic) lineages. While the sexual populations are restricted to the native Asian areas, the androgenetic lineages are widely distributed being also found in America and Europe where they form a major aquatic invasive pest. We investigated the genetic diversity of native and invasive Corbicula populations through a worldwide sampling. The use of mitochondrial and nuclear (microsatellite) markers revealed an extremely low diversity in the invasive populations with only four, undiversified, genetic lineages distributed across Europe and America. On the contrary, in the native populations, both sexual and androgenetic lineages exhibited much higher genetic diversity. Remarkably the most abundant and widely distributed invasive forms, the so-called form A and form R found in America and Europe respectively, are fixed for the same single COI (cytochrome c oxydase subunit I) haplotype and same multilocus genotype. This suggests that form R, observed in Europe since the 1980s, derived directly from form A found in America since the 1920s. In addition, this form shares alleles with some Japanese populations indicating a Japanese origin for this invasive lineage. Finally, our study suggests that few androgenetic Corbicula individuals successfully invaded the non-native range and then dispersed clonally. This is one striking case of genetic paradox raising the issue of invasive and evolutionary success of genetically undiversified populations.
Supplementary material 1 from: Berteloot OH, Kuhn A, Peusens G, Beliën T, Hautier L, Van Leeuwen T, De Clercq P (2024) Distribution and genetic diversity of the invasive pest Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) in Belgium. NeoBiota 90: 123-138. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.90.113421
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The genetic drivers for the successful invasive potential of a generalist bird, the House crow
<p>What kind of genetic structure helps the rapid range expansion of the invasive species is fundamental to understand spread of invasion. The House crow (<i>Corvus splendens</i>), an ecological generalist, having a large native and introduced distribution range, is a good study model to investigate the genetic structure and adaptations underpinning the evolutionary potential for successful biological invasion. Thirteen mainland and one island native population from the Indian subcontinent were studied using four nuclear introns and mitochondrial genome to determine the phylogeographic structure and demographic history. A large, panmictic long-term expanding native population dating from the last glacial period (~30,000 ya) was inferred leading to great genetic diversity across the whole native range. The thirteen mitochondrial encoded proteins, directly involved in the energy supplying pathway, could underlie metabolic adaptations during range expansion under diverse climate conditions. Therefore, to investigate the molecular selection on these genes in native and introduced ranges, five previously studied introduced populations from Southeast Asia and Africa were included. The native populations originating from hot arid and humid tropical areas exhibited the signatures of positive selection on four codons located in three genes (ND5, Cytb and COX2), suggesting these may have evolved under environmental stresses in those regions. Our findings demonstrated the native range population as the reservoir of the species' genetic diversity, mitogenomic patterns of the introduced populations related to native range of species and no variants could be associated with climate in introduced range. Thus, inferred that the pre-adapted standing genetic variations evolved during dispersion over the native range are the predominant source of the high evolutionary potential and contribute to the successful invasion history. These findings will help to predict the future introduced range of the House crow.</p>
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