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FIGURE 3 in Cranial morphology and karyotypic analysis of Ceratophrys joazeirensis (Anura: Ceratophryidae, Ceratophrynae): taxonomic considerations

FIGURE 3. Skull of Ceratophrys aurita (UFPB 4308). A: dorsal view; B; palatal view and C: lateral view. 1—Except for the premaxillae, the clear areas in A and C, inferior portions of the maxillae and quadratojugal concern to dorsal bone shields; 2—nonrounded caudal projection of the squamosal (lamella alaris); 3—concave extremity of the processus posterior in frontoparietals; 4—narrow torus terminalis; 5 and 6—depressions in the orbital arch of the squamosal; 7—preorbital depression; 8—palatine teeth; 9—pterygoid; 10—quadratojugal; 11—parasphenoid; 12— absent depression between the vomers; 13—long caudal projection of the squamosal, slightly shorter than quadratojugal in length. Author Kleber da S. Vieira.

FIGURE 2 in Cranial morphology and karyotypic analysis of Ceratophrys joazeirensis (Anura: Ceratophryidae, Ceratophrynae): taxonomic considerations

FIGURE 2. Skull of Ceratophrys joazeirensis (UFPB 4303) collected at Parque Estadual Pedra da Boca. A: dorsal view; B: palatal view; C: lateral view and D: pectoral girdle. 1—pars facialis; 2— absence of preorbital depression; 3—absence of depression in orbital arch of squamosal; 4— rounded extremity of the caudal portion (lamella alaris) of the squamosal; 5—prooticum; 6— convex dorsal posterior portion of the frontoparietals; 7—rounded extremity of the processus posterior in frontoparietals; 8—large and elliptical torus terminalis of the prooticexoccipitals in dorsal view; 9—delimited pterygoids in the ramus maxillaries and ramus interior; 10—palatine teeth; 11—depression dividing the vomers in the margo medialis; 12—parasphenoid; 13—prémaxillae; 14—maxillae; 15—quadratojugal; 16—pterygoid; 17—short caudal projection of the squamosal, shorter than quadratojugal in length; 18—clavicle; 19—epicoracoid; 20—coracoid; 21—sternum. Except for the premaxillae, the clear areas in A and C, inferior portions of the maxillae and quadratojugal concern to dorsal bone shields. Author Kleber da S. Vieira.

FIGURE 1 in Cranial morphology and karyotypic analysis of Ceratophrys joazeirensis (Anura: Ceratophryidae, Ceratophrynae): taxonomic considerations

FIGURE 1. The triangle marks the occurrence area of Ceratophrys joazeirensis, situated at Parque Estadual Pedra da Boca, in Araruna town, State of Paraíba, Brazil.

FIGURE 4 in Cranial morphology and karyotypic analysis of Ceratophrys joazeirensis (Anura: Ceratophryidae, Ceratophrynae): taxonomic considerations

FIGURE 4. Octaploid karyotype of Ceratophrys joazeirensis from Parque Estadual Pedra da Boca (2n=8x=104) arranged in 13 octets: 1 to 4 –metacentric chromosomes; 2 and 3—submetacentrics; 5 and 6—chromosomes of medium size, submetacentrics and metacentrics; the octets 7 to 13 are constituted by small metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes.

FIG. 2. G in Karyotype comparison of five African Vespertilionini species with comments on phylogenetic relationships and proposal of a new subtribe

FIG. 2. G-banded karyotype of a female N. guineensis, 2n = 26. Bold numbers for chromosomal arms indicate homology validated with painting probes from Myotis (MMY) or tree shrew (TBE30)

FIG. 6. C in Karyotype comparison of five African Vespertilionini species with comments on phylogenetic relationships and proposal of a new subtribe

FIG. 6. C-banded metaphase spreads of (A) P. brunnea, (B) N. happoldorum, and (C) N. schlieffenii. X and Y chromosomes and heterochromatic segments of interest are indicated, numbers refer to MMY homologies. In (B), arrows point to those heterochromatic segments which showed differences between the homologs and arrowheads point to C-positive segments on pairs NHA11 and NHA13. For further explanation see main text

FIG. 5 in Karyotype comparison of five African Vespertilionini species with comments on phylogenetic relationships and proposal of a new subtribe

FIG. 5. Rearranged bi-armed pair 3/4 of P. brunnea depicted from left to right after G-banding, C-banding, FISH with E. macaco painting probe EMA8 and T. belangeri probe TBE6. The extant centromere is indicated by a dash, the ancestral centromere position by an asterisk. In the basic karyotype, EMA8 homologous sequences were located in the proximal region of the MMY3 homologous chromosomal arms, whereas here they are found in the long arm of P. brunnea chromosome 3/4 (TBE6, homologous to parts of MMY4, was used to delimit the proximal and distal regions of the MMY4 homologous segment in P. brunnea chromosome 3/4)

FIG. 1. G in Karyotype comparison of five African Vespertilionini species with comments on phylogenetic relationships and proposal of a new subtribe

FIG. 1. G-banded karyotype of a male L. kirinyaga, 2n = 32. Chromosomal arms are numbered according to the scheme of Bickham (1979) for Myotis species. The nucleolus organizer region (NOR) is indicated by an arrowhead

FIG. 11. G in Karyotype comparison of five African Vespertilionini species with comments on phylogenetic relationships and proposal of a new subtribe

FIG. 11. G-banded karyotype of a female N. schlieffenii, 2n = 34. Homology to MMY validated with painting probes from MMY, Tree shrew or black lemur is indicated by bold numbers. The remaining pairs were identified by G-band comparison with other vespertilionid species

FIG. 8. The G in Karyotype comparison of five African Vespertilionini species with comments on phylogenetic relationships and proposal of a new subtribe

FIG. 8. The G-banded karyotype of a male N. happoldorum with 2n = 24 chromosomes and their homology to M. myotis (MMY). Bold numbers indicate homology validated with FISH applying painting probes from MMY

FIG. 9 in Karyotype comparison of five African Vespertilionini species with comments on phylogenetic relationships and proposal of a new subtribe

FIG. 9. Heteromorphic condition of the fusion products of MMY18 and NOR-bearing MMY15 homologous chromosomal arms in N. happoldorum chromosome NHA8 shown after different staining procedures and FISH from left to right: h — homogeneous Giemsa staining, G — G-banding, Ag — AgNOR staining, C — C-banding, FISH with MMY18 and MMY15 painting probes. Both homologs differ concerning the position of the centromeres, which are highlighted by dashes. The left chromosome of each pair displays the result of a centric fusion between MMY15 and MMY18 homologous chromosomal arms. On the right chromosome of each pair, the centromere is located within the MMY18 homologous arm, transforming the morphology from submetacentric to subtelocentric. Note that the NORs are positioned at the SC of the long arm, as indicated by arrowheads

FIG. 7 in Karyotype comparison of five African Vespertilionini species with comments on phylogenetic relationships and proposal of a new subtribe

FIG. 7. Examples of G-banded X chromosomes: The banding patterns of the X chromosomes from L. kirinyaga (LKI) and N. schlieffeni (NSC) were similar to that of state II of the basic vespertilionid karyotype. The N. guineensis (NGU) X was the product of an X-autosome translocation and the X chromosomes from P. brunnea (PBR) and N. happoldorum (NHA) showed unique derived G-banding patterns

FIG. 4. G in Karyotype comparison of five African Vespertilionini species with comments on phylogenetic relationships and proposal of a new subtribe

FIG. 4. G-banded karyotype of a male P. brunnea, 2n = 36. At the X, a horizontal line indicates the position of the centromere in the X chromosome of the basic karyotype, state II. Asterisks indicate interstitial heterochromatic segments

FIG. 3. X in Karyotype comparison of five African Vespertilionini species with comments on phylogenetic relationships and proposal of a new subtribe

FIG. 3. X-autosome translocation in N. guineensis: The X chromosomes are shown after different staining procedures and FISH (G — G-banding, C — C-banding, R — replication banding procedure). Note the dark stained, early replicating distal part of the short arm in both X chromosomes, the early replicating (left homolog of the pair) and the late replicating (XL, right) long arms of the X chromosomes. FISH with the MMY X painting probe resulted in signals on the long arm of the N. guineensis X chromosome. FISH with a painting probe containing homologous sequences to Myotis chromosome 25 revealed signals on the short arm of the X

opennotspecifiedDec 2023View details →

FIGURE 5 in The fundamental karyotype and plastid DNA of Alstroemeria piperata (Liliales, Alstroemeriaceae), a species endemic to the Valparaíso Region, Chile

FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic relationships from analyses of three plastid markers (petA-psbJ, trnL-rpl32 and intron rpl16) of Alstroemeria piperata and other Chilean alstroemerias (Baeza et al. 2022). A. Network inferred with TCS. B. Maximum likelihood tree inferred from DNA sequences and indels. The branch lengths in B were modified for aesthetic reasons.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Karyotype diversification and evolution in Silene (Caryophyllaceae) representatives with sex chromosomes: taxonomic and biogeographical implications

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FIGURE 8. Polycelis eudendrocoeloides. A in Two species of Polycelis (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Planariidae) newly recorded for the Qinling Mountains and the Loess Plateau in China, with a comparative discussion on their karyotypes

FIGURE 8. Polycelis eudendrocoeloides. A metaphase plate of diploid complement. B karyogram of diploid complement. C idiogram. Scale bar: 5 μm.

FIGURE 10. Polycelis eudendrocoeloides. A in Two species of Polycelis (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Planariidae) newly recorded for the Qinling Mountains and the Loess Plateau in China, with a comparative discussion on their karyotypes

FIGURE 10. Polycelis eudendrocoeloides. A sagittal section of ZMHNU-JX2, showing spermiducal vesicles. B horizontal section of ZMHNU-JX9, showing seminal vesicle, oviduct and vas deferens. C sagittal section of ZMHNU-JX8, showing seminal vesicle, bursal canal, male atrium and common oviduct. D sagittal section of ZMHNU-JX2, showing seminal vesicle, bursal canal and male atrium. E sagittal section of ZMHNU-JX4, showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, male atrium and seminal vesicle. F sagittal section of ZMHNU-JX8, showing the thick layer of circular muscles and male atrium. Scale bars: 100 μm.

FIGURE 7 in Two species of Polycelis (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Planariidae) newly recorded for the Qinling Mountains and the Loess Plateau in China, with a comparative discussion on their karyotypes

FIGURE 7. Habitat and external appearance of Polycelis eudendrocoeloides. A & B sampling site and habitat. C sexually mature, live individual. D Head with eyes, Scale bar: 500 μm.

FIGURE 6 in Two species of Polycelis (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Planariidae) newly recorded for the Qinling Mountains and the Loess Plateau in China, with a comparative discussion on their karyotypes

FIGURE 6. Polycelis asiatica. Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of ZMHNU-GYS6. Scale bar: 100 μm.