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300 results for “land change”
Data from: Effects of land-use change on functional and taxonomic diversity of Neotropical bats
Human land-use changes are particularly extensive in tropical regions, representing one of the greatest threats to terrestrial biodiversity and a key research topic in conservation. However, studies considering the effects of different types of anthropogenic disturbance on the functional dimension of biodiversity in human-modified landscapes are rare. Here, we obtained data through an extensive review of peer-reviewed articles and compared 30 Neotropical bat assemblages in well-preserved primary forest and four different human-disturbed habitats in terms of their functional and taxonomic diversity. We found that disturbed habitats that are structurally less similar to primary forest (pasture, cropland and early-stage secondary forest) were characterized by a lower functional and taxonomic diversity, as well as community level-functional uniqueness. These habitats generally retained fewer species that perform different ecological functions compared to higher-quality landscape matrices, such as agroforestry. According to functional trait composition, different bat ensembles respond differently to landscape change, negatively affecting mainly gleaning insectivorous bats in pasture, narrow-range species in cropland, and heavier animalivorous bats in secondary forest. Although our results highlight the importance of higher-quality matrix habitats to support elevated functional and taxonomic bat diversity, the conservation of bat species that perform different ecological functions in the mosaic of human-modified habitats also depends on the irreplaceable conservation value of well-preserved primary forests. Our study based on a pooled analysis of individual studies provides novel insights into the effects of different human-modified habitats on Neotropical bat assemblages.
Data from: Land colonisation by fish is associated with predictable changes in life history
The colonisation of new environments is a central evolutionary process, yet why species make such transitions often remains unknown because of the difficulty in empirically investigating potential mechanisms. The most likely explanation for transitions to new environments is that doing so conveys survival benefits, either in the form of an ecological release or new ecological opportunity. Life history theory makes explicit predictions about how traits linked to survival and reproduction should change with shifts in age-specific mortality. We used these predictions to examine whether a current colonisation of land by fishes might convey survival benefits. We found that blenny species with more terrestrial lifestyles exhibited faster reproductive development and slower growth rates than species with more marine lifestyles; a life history trade off that is consistent with the hypothesis that mortality has become reduced in younger life stages on land. A plausible explanation for such a shift is that an ecological release or opportunity on land has conveyed survival benefits relative to the ancestral marine environment. More generally, our study illustrates how life history theory can be leveraged in novel ways to formulate testable predictions on why organisms might make transitions into novel environments.
Data from: Present conditions may mediate the legacy effect of past land-use changes on species richness and composition of above- and below-ground assemblages
1. In forest ecosystems, the influence of landscape history on contemporary biodiversity patterns has been shown to provide a convenient framework to explain shifts in plant assemblages. However, very few studies have controlled for present human-induced activities when analyzing the effect of forest continuity on community structures. By cutting and removing trees, foresters substantially change stand ecological conditions, with consequences on biodiversity patterns. Disentangling the effect of past and present human activities on biodiversity is thus crucial for ecosystem management and conservation. 2. We explored the response of plant and springtail species richness and composition to forest continuity (ancient vs recent) in montane forests, while controlling for stand maturity (mature vs overmature). We established 70 sites in landscapes dominated by unfragmented ancient forests where we surveyed plants and assessed springtails by analyzing environmental DNA. 3. Neither plant nor springtail species richness was influenced by forest continuity or by stand maturity. Instead, site-specific characteristics, especially soil properties and canopy openness, were of major importance in shaping above- and below-ground richness. 4. For plant and springtail species composition, the effect of forest continuity was mediated by stand maturity. Thus, both plants and springtails showed a convergence in assemblage patterns with the increasing availability of overmature stand attributes. Moreover, soil and stand-scale factors were evidently more important than landscape-scale factors in shaping above- and below-ground species composition. 5. Synthesis. We clearly demonstrated that biodiversity patterns are more strongly influenced by present human-induced activities than by past human-induced activities. In the Northern Alps where our study sites were located, the colonization credit of most species has been paid off and the transient biodiversity deficit usually related to forest continuity has moved toward equilibrium. These findings emphasize the necessity to better control for local-scale factors when analyzing the response of biodiversity to forest continuity; we call for more research into the effects of forest continuity in unfragmented mountain forests.
Potential impacts of future warming and land use changes on intra-urban heat exposure in Houston Texas
<p>Extreme heat events in the United States are projected to become more frequent and intense as a result of climate change. We investigated the individual and combined effects of land use and warming on the spatial and temporal distribution of daily minimum temperature (T<sub>min</sub>) and daily maximum heat index (HI<sub>max</sub>) during summer in Houston, Texas. Present-day (2010) and near-future (2040) parcel-level land use scenarios were embedded within 1-km resolution land surface model (LSM) simulations. For each land use scenario, LSM simulations were conducted for climatic scenarios representative of both the present-day and near-future periods. LSM simulations assuming present-day climate but 2040 land use patterns led to spatially heterogeneous temperature changes characterized by warmer conditions over most areas, with summer average increases of up to 1.5°C (T<sub>min</sub>) and 7.3°C (HI<sub>max</sub>) in some newly developed suburban areas compared to simulations using 2010 land use patterns. LSM simulations assuming present-day land use but a 1°C temperature increase above the urban canopy (consistent with warming projections for 2040) yielded more spatially homogeneous metropolitan-wide average increases of about 1°C (T<sub>min</sub>) and 2.5°C (HI<sub>max</sub>), respectively. LSM simulations assuming both land use and warming for 2040 led to summer average increases of up to 2.5°C (T<sub>min</sub>) and 8.3°C (HI<sub>max</sub>), with the largest increases in areas projected to be converted to residential, industrial and mixed-use types. Our results suggest that urbanization and climate change may significantly increase the average number of summer days that exceed current threshold temperatures for initiating a heat advisory for metropolitan Houston, potentially increasing population exposure to extreme heat.</p>
Response of changes in lake area to drought and land use change
<p>This is the original data from the article "Response of changes in lake area to drought and land use change"</p>
ALCC: Temporally consistent annual land cover maps over China from 1985 to 2022 based on an ensemble change detection method
<p><span><span>We develope <span><span> </span>a consistent annual land cover product for China (ALCC) from 1985 to 2022. First, change areas for each year was detected baesd on an ensemble change detection method combing CCDC, BFASTm, and Chow Test. Then, stable training samples were derived from both CLCD and CLUDs. The Random Forest classifier was locally trained and used to classify change areas year by year. Finally, ALCC was generated by updating land cover classification results for change areas and remaining class label the same as the base map forthe unchanged areas. ALCC achieved a mean overall accuracy of 81.11±0.67% nationwide and exceeded 72.00% across seven geographical regions.</span></span></span></p>
Stronger effect of litter quality than microorganisms on leaf and root litter C and N loss at different decomposition stages following a subtropical land use change
<p>Litter decomposition contributes largely to global carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling, and it is strongly determined by litter quality and microbial community composition in ways that are poorly understood. Here, we conducted a 2-year field litter decomposition experiment by collecting leaf and root litter of crops (from cropland), shrubs (from shrubland), and wood (from woodland) and placing samples for decomposition in woodland soil in central China to investigate the effects of litter quality and microbial community composition on C and N loss of leaf and root litter of three species under different decomposition stages. Our results showed that the leaf litter C and N losses of shrubs were significantly higher than those of crops and wood, whereas the root litter C and N losses of crops were significantly higher than those of shrubs and wood. Generally, the leaf litter C and N losses of the three species were higher on average than those of fine root litter under the whole decomposition period. For the C loss of the three species, litter lignin and phosphorus as well as initial litter quality were predominant drivers of root litter decomposition, while litter lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose concentrations were dominant for leaf litter decomposition. For N loss, litter stoichiometry and litter quality directly governed leaf and root litter N loss, and the initial litter quality largely regulated N loss at the late decomposition stage. Unexpectedly, the effect of microbial community composition on litter C and N loss was relatively weak and only exhibited an effect on litter C and N loss during the early stage of decomposition. Thus, our results revealed the huge disparity in C and N loss of plant species and litter types at different decomposition stages, which should be considered jointly when evaluating their roles in plant-soil feedbacks under global land use change.</p>
Changes in plant species richness due to land use and nitrogen deposition across the globe
<p>Data and scripts corresponding to the article "Combined effects of land use and nitrogen deposition on plant species richness worldwide". In the article, we quantified the combined effects of land use and nitrogen deposition on terrestrial plant species richness at a 0.25º spatial resolution across the globe. We first determined the proportional changes in plant species richness for different land-use types and N deposition values through meta-analyses of local monitoring data obtained from the literature. We then combined the site-level responses with global land use and N deposition maps in a new multi-pressure species-area relationship (mp-SAR) model to provide estimates of changes in plant species richness at a resolution of 0.25º (about 25 km at the equator) worldwide.</p> <p>In this repository you will find all the data necessary to get the final results and the code in R to guide you through out the analysis.</p>
Extended data for "Potential for positive biodiversity outcomes under diet-driven land use change in Great Britain"
<p>Extended data tables for Ferguson-Gow et al 2022 "Potential for positive biodiversity outcomes under diet-driven land use change in Great Britain".</p> <p>Extended data table 1. The 814 species that comprised the final dataset.</p> <p>Extended data table 2. The 24 land cover classes in the land cover dataset.</p>
Forest land under different scenarios of future global change
<p>Forest loss is one of the most threats to biodiversity, forested lands drive a key role in the climate earth system that also affects species diversity and ecosystem services (Vale et al. 2021). Therefore, several initiatives had been driven to map land-use time series, mainly projections into the future (Chen et al. 2020 and reference therein). The availability of those products is valuable for earth science, ecology, conservation, and other research fields once land-use land-cover data are important predictors of species occurrence and biodiversity threat (Ruiz-Benito et al. 2020., Valet et al. 2021) </p> <p>A recent land-use product called <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-020-00669-x">GCAM-Demeter</a> presents the highest global spatial resolution (0.05 º) until now (Chen et al. 2020). It provided current and future projections (2015-2100) under different scenarios of climate change (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) ) and according to the most recent framework of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6). The data in each year include grid-explicit fraction (in percent) of each of the 32 plant functional types (PFTs) that are widely used in current Earth system models. The complete dataset is available in five General Circulation Models (GCMs): gfdl, hadgem, ipsl, miroc, and noresm. Also includes the mean and standard deviation of those GCMs (Chen et al. 2020).</p> <p>Although the valuable contribution of the GCAM-Demeter to provide those data, it is compressed in NetCDF format, a complex file format that needs management to become usable in several analyses, especially in ecology and biodiversity analyses (Vale et al., 2021 and reference therein). Here I managed the outputs of the mean of five GCMs (harmonized projection) based on the sum analysis of plant functional types considering:</p> <p>1- Global Extent at 0.05-degree resolution </p> <p>2- Years 2020, 2030 and 2050</p> <p>3- SSPs and RCP as follow: SSP1_RCP2, SSP2_RCP45, SSP4_RCP6, SSP5_RCP85</p> <p>The goals are to assess quantitatively the forest lands under different scenarios of global change and make these data available in the Tag Image File Format (TIFF) which is a more friendly and useable format to incorporate in several spatial analyses, mainly in ecology and biodiversity studies for conservation purposes.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>I downloaded the GCAM-Demeter NetCDF files (the outputs of the mean of five GCMs and the first version, i.e the harmonized projection) freely available at <a href="https://release.datahub.pnnl.gov/released_data/1190">DataHub</a> (Chean et al. 2020). I selected, extracted, and performed the sum analysis of plant functional types (codes PTF1 to PTF11- described in README attached) considering:</p> <p>1- Global Extent at 0.05-degree resolution </p> <p>2- Years 2020, 2030 and 2050</p> <p>3- SSPs and RCP as follow: SSP1_RCP2, SSP2_RCP45, SSP4_RCP6, SSP5_RCP85</p> <p>The data manipulation and analysis were done using ncdf4 and raster packages in the R environment (R Core Team 2020, Pierce 2019; Hijmans et al. 2020). The outputs range from 0 to 100 and can be identified by their file name, for example: 2020_SSP5_RCP85_Forest_GCAM-Demeter_GCMsMean_Harmonized.tif . Also, outputs are provided in the Tag Image File Format (TIFF) which is a more friendly and useable format (Vale et al. 2021 and references therein). The methods and the quantitative results for forested areas are detailed better in the <a href="https://github.com/Tai-Rocha/Forest_Scenarios.github.io">GitHub repository</a> .</p> <p><strong>Acknowledgments</strong>.</p> <p>This initiative was possible due to the high-quality data maintained and made publicly available by GCAM-Demeter authors. Also, the study was developed within the scope of the Earth System Modeling Program funded by CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel - Grant No. 88887.373031/2019-00) </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Chen, M., Vernon, C. R., Graham, N. T., Hejazi, M., Huang, M., Cheng, Y., & Calvin, K. (2020). Global land use for 2015–2100 at 0.05 resolution under diverse socioeconomic and climate scenarios. <em>Scientific Data</em>, <em>7</em>(1), 1-11. </p> <p>Hijmans, R. J. (2020). raster: Geographic Data Analysis and Modeling (R package version 3.3-13)[Computer software]. <em>Retrieved form https://CRAN. R-project. org/package= raster</em>.</p> <p>Pierce, D. (2019). ncdf4: Interface to Unidata netCDF (Version 4 or earlier) Format Data Files. R package version 1.16.</p> <p>Ruiz-Benito P, Vacchiano G, Lines ER, Reyer CP, Ratcliffe S, Morin X, Hartig F, Mäkelä A, Yousefpour R, Chaves JE, Palacios-Orueta A. Available and missing data to model impact of climate change on European forests. Ecological Modelling. 2020 Jan 15;416:108870.</p> <p>Team, R. C. (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing.</p> <p>Vale, M. M., Lima-Ribeiro, M. S., & Rocha, T. C. (2021). GLOBAL LAND-SE AND LAND-COVER DATA: HISTORICAL, CURRENT AND FUTURE SCENARIOS. Biodiversity Informatics, 16, 2021, pp. 28-38.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data and script for "Sensitivity of Precipitation Displacement of a Simulated MCS to the Changes in Land Surface Conditions"
<p>This is a placeholder for Data and script for ""<strong>Sensitivity of Precipitation Displacement of a Simulated MCS to the Changes in Land Surface Condition" submitted to JGR-atmosphere.</strong></p>
Model output dataset used in "Sensitivity of Heavy Convective Precipitation Simulations to Changes in Land-atmosphere Exchange Processes over China"
<p>This dataset accompanies the paper by Zhang et al. "Sensitivity of Heavy Convective Precipitation Simulations to Changes in Land-atmosphere Exchange Processes over China".</p> <p>Three heavy precipitation events were modeled using the WRF v3.9 model:</p> <p>(1) The_21_July_Beijing_Rainstorm_Simulation<br> (2) The_30_July_Ningxia_rainstorm_Simulation<br> (3) The_19_June_Jiangxi_rainstorm_Simulation</p> <p>Furthermore, three cases were designed for each heavy precipitation event: (1) control experiment (DEFAULT), using the default M-O option (<em>C<sub>zil</sub></em> ~ 0); (2) constant <em>C<sub>zil</sub></em> (CZIL0.01, CZIL0.05, CZIL0.1, CZIL0.3, CZIL0.5 and CZIL0.8), with <em>C<sub>zil</sub></em> values of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.8; (3) a dynamic canopy-height dependent <em>C<sub>zil</sub></em> (NEWCZIL).</p> <p>Plain Language Summary for this paper:<br> Over recent decades, the frequent occurrence of heavy precipitation events has caused devastating ecological and socioeconomic impacts, such as agriculture losses, infrastructure damage, and casualties. High-resolution atmospheric modeling at a convection-permitting grid spacing (≤4 km) provides valuable applications for predicting heavy precipitation. Precipitation can be strongly affected by the energy and moisture exchanges between land surface and atmosphere. However, the representation of land-atmosphere interactions in atmospheric models and the responses of precipitation to land-atmosphere exchange efficiency remain great uncertainties. This study performed 3-km high-resolution atmospheric modeling with a dynamic vegetation-type-dependent land-atmosphere exchange scheme for three typical heavy precipitation events that occurred over areas with different dominant land-cover types. The results showed that land-atmosphere exchange efficiency mainly affected the precipitation intensity as well as the onset and peak time of precipitation. The dynamic exchange scheme modifies the efficiency of land-atmosphere exchanges to match local land cover conditions and could reproduce well the field observations, especially the intensity and location of the heaviest rainfall which usually serve as the most concerned variable in a major rainstorm event. Our findings show that the dynamical scheme could help achieve more accurate precipitation simulations.</p>
MAgPIE model runs outputs: Climate change-driven global land-use system adaptation under CMIP6-based crop model projections
<p>Each folder contains the fulldata.gdx and the configuration files for each MAgPIE run based on the nine crop impact models and 5 gcms used in the paper.</p>
The derived data in manuscript Oblique impact adjacent to Chang'E-5 landing site: Fine-scale analysis and implication on the provenance of returned samples
<p>This website contains the derived data in the <em>manuscript <span>Oblique impact adjacent to Chang’E-5 landing site: </span><span>F</span><span>ine-scale analysis and implication on the provenance of returned samples </span></em>by <span>Wenhui Wu</span><span>, </span><span>Zhaopeng Chen</span><span>, Xin Ren</span><span>, Dawei Liu</span><span>,</span><span> </span><span>Xingguo Zeng, Yuan Chen, Wangli Chen, Wei Yan, Bin Liu,Xiaoxia Zhang, Jianjun Liu</span> for <em><span>Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets</span></em></p>
Impact crater identification results for Chang'e-4 satellite image area and landing camera image area
<p>Here are the results of impact crater identification from Chang'e-4 satellite image data and Chang'e-4 landing camera image data.</p> <p>There are 99 impact craters identified in the landing camera, with diameters ranging from 1.55m to 50.87m.There are 947 impact craters identified in the satellite images, with diameters ranging from 48.37m to 2,222.34m in diameter.</p> <p>All impact craters are categorised into five degradation classes (A, AB, B, BC, C).</p> <p>Landing camera image source: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3600427" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3600427</a><br>Satellite image source: <span>https://darts.isas.jaxa.jp/planet/pdap/selene/index.html.en</span></p> <p> </p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Calle-Rendón BR, Moreno F, Hilário RR (2018) Vulnerability of mammals to land-use changes in Colombia's postconflict era. Nature Conservation 29: 79-92. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.29.28943
Table S1 : Explanation note: Mammal species used in the analysis and value of each factor to calculate the sensitivity index of each species (S) is available for this article online.
Carbon storage response to land use/land cover changes and SSP-RCP scenarios simulation: A case study in Yunnan Province, China
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
The production population of impact craters in the Chang'E-6 landing mare
<p>The uploaded file contains the statistical results from various regions within the Chang'E-6 landing mare for the manuscript titled "The Production Population of Impact Craters in the Chang'E-6 Landing Mare" . The data included in this file directly supports the statistical analysis and conclusions presented in the manuscript. The results were exported using CraterTools in ArcGIS and are provided in an SCC file format, which contains information of both the defined counting areas and the collected craters. These SCC files can be used to construct crater size-frequency distributions of production populations on the Chang'E-6 landing mare, thereby assisting in the study of the evolution history of local crater populations.</p>
Generated craters within 1 km across the Chang'e-5 landing site
<p>The produced primary and secondary craters over 10 times run of the model.</p> <p>Each file contain six item, 'Crater Diameter (m)', 'X_position (m)', 'Y_position (m)', 'Index', 'Time (Ga)', 'Impactor Diameter (m)'. The index < 1 means the crater is the secondary craters and = 1 represents it is the primary crater. </p>
Data used in "Land use change influence on atmospheric organic gases, aerosols, and radiative effects" (Vella et al., 2024)
<p>Model outputs used in the study: "Land use change influence on atmospheric organic gases, aerosols, and radiative effects"</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.