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Fig. 1 in Stereoscopic light-microscopy in biology - A review

Fig. 1: "Classical" methods of stereo-pair production which are described in detail in the scientific literature: (a) horizontal displacement of the object, (b) rotation of the object, (c) variation of the focus plane (restricted to transparent objects).

Fig. 4 in Stereoscopic light-microscopy in biology - A review

Fig. 4: Stereoscopic images of a triangular diatom which represents a widely distributed unicellular organism of small freshwater habitats with sumptuous stock of submerged vegetation (width: 250 µm, single images: Wim van Egmond).

Fig. 2 in Stereoscopic light-microscopy in biology - A review

Fig. 2: Main windows of the computer program PICOLAY which was developed for the generation of stereoscopic images from single photographs: (a) input window, (b) output window with generation of the object-depth map.

Fig. 7 in Stereoscopic light-microscopy in biology - A review

Fig. 7: Stereoscopic view on the multicellular green alga Volvox sp. (diameter: 250 µm, single images: Wim van Egmond).

FIG. 31 in Shedding light into Brazilian subterranean isopods (Isopoda, Oniscidea): expanding distribution data and describing new taxa

FIG. 31. — Gabunillo enfurnado Campos-Filho, Sfenthourakis & Bichuette, n. sp., female paratype, LES 6416: A, lateral habitus; B, scale-seta; C, cephalon and pereonites 1 and 2, frontal view; D, cephalon, dorsal view; E, pereonite 1 epimeron, dorsal view; F, pereonite 1 epimeron, ventral view; G, pereonite 2 epimeron, dorsal view; H, pereonite 2 epimeron, ventral view; I, pleonites 3-5, telson, and uropods, dorsal view; J, antenulla; K, antenna. Scale bar: A, 1 mm.

FIG. 29 in Shedding light into Brazilian subterranean isopods (Isopoda, Oniscidea): expanding distribution data and describing new taxa

FIG. 29. — Diploexochus exu Campos-Filho, Sfenthourakis & Bichuette, n. sp., female paratype LES 28003: A, uropod, frontal view; B, uropod; C, pereopod 1; D, pereopod 7; E, pleopod 2 exopod; F, pleopod 3 exopod; G, pleopod 4 exopod; H, pleopod 5 exopod.

FIG. 8 in Shedding light into Brazilian subterranean isopods (Isopoda, Oniscidea): expanding distribution data and describing new taxa

FIG. 8. — Distribution map of the Philosciidae representatives: A, Benthana olfersii (Brandt, 1833) and B. taeniana Araujo & Buckup, 1994; B, Caraiboscia jabutiensis Campos-Filho, Taiti & Bichuette, n. sp. Abbreviations of states: GO, state of Goias; MS, state of Mato Grosso do Sul; MT, state of Mato Grosso; PR, state of Paraná; SP, state of São Paulo.

FIG. 12 in Shedding light into Brazilian subterranean isopods (Isopoda, Oniscidea): expanding distribution data and describing new taxa

FIG. 12. — Novamundoniscus mandacaru Campos-Filho, Araujo & Bichuette, n. sp.: A, female paratype, LES 27995: uropod; B-H: male holotype, LES 27994: pereopod 7 (B); genital papilla (C); pleopod 1 (D); pleopod 2 (E); pleopod 3 exopod (F); pleopod 4 exopod (G); pleopod 5 exopod (H).

opencc-zeroNov 2023View details →

Unveiling the genetic networks: Exploring the dynamic interaction of photosynthetic phenotypes in woody plants across varied light gradients

Background: Understanding the mechanisms by which genes control and regulate complex quantitative traits during periods of fluctuating resources remains a challenging and uncertain task in photosynthesis studies. Most studies have focused on the structure of photosynthesis, the photosynthetic response under stress, or the genetic mechanisms involved in photosynthetic effects and neglected the interactive genetic mechanism that governs various traits through significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Results In this study, we have developed a differential dynamic system that enables the identification of QTLs based on the photosynthetic phenotypic and genotypic data under varying levels of light intensity gradients. The framework not only allows for the assessment of the direct effects of QTLs on phenotypes but also captures how they influence interactions among phenotypes as light intensities change. We have analyzed the genetic effects and genetic variance, visualized the genetic network associated with photosynthesis interactions, and validated the effectiveness and stability of the DDS framework. Pivotal QTLs were identified individually to uncover the process and pattern of interaction. Through functional annotation, we made an intriguing discovery that seemingly unimportant QTLs can still have significant genetic effects on phenotypic changes through their regulation with other QTLs. Conclusions This finding emphasizes the significance of considering the interactive genetic architecture when seeking to understand the genetic interaction mechanism of photosynthesis in natural populations of woody plants. Moreover, our research provides a novel framework that can be extended to explore the interactive genetic architecture among organisms, contributing to a deeper understanding of stress resistance mechanisms in woody plants.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Northern Lights - Teepees

Honorable mention in the 2023 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Still images with smartphones-mobile devices: Northern Lights - Teepees, by Oanh Vuong. Taken with a smartphone at Cassidy Point, Yellowknife, Canada, on 24 March 2023, this stunning display captured the ethereal Northern Lights painting the night sky. The biting cold of -20°F (-29°C) set the stage for the vibrant hues of the Aurora Borealis, a celestial ballet created by collisions between charged solar particles and the Earth's atmosphere. The Earth’s magnetic field directs the charged particles towards the polar regions, where they interact with the various atoms and molecules in the atmosphere. This natural phenomenon transforms the sky into a canvas of radiant greens, pinks, and purples, casting a mesmerising glow above. The different colours of an aurora are determined by the gases in Earth’s atmosphere, the altitude where the aurora occurs, the density of the atmosphere, and the energy of the charged particles. In general, green is attributed to oxygen molecules, red is associated with high-altitude oxygen molecules, purple and blue are associated with hydrogen and helium, and pink aurorae are typically associated with nitrogen. Against this cosmic backdrop, the teepees of Aurora Village below provide a tranquil contrast to the celestial spectacle unfolding overhead. Preserving the pristine darkness of this location ensures the continued splendour of such awe-inspiring natural light shows. Credit: Oanh Vuong/IAU OAE (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode">CC BY 4.0</a>)

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Northern Lights Color

Winner in the 2023 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Still images with smartphones-mobile devices : Northern Lights-Color, by Jason Johnson This photograph taken with a smartphone captures the ethereal beauty of the Northern Lights at Cassidy Point, Yellowknife, NT, Canada on 24 March 2023, at temperatures well below freezing (–29°C). The mesmerising dance of the Aurora Borealis (Australis), commonly known as the Northern (Southern) Lights, paints the night sky in striking hues. The aurora is a natural phenomenon caused by charged particles from the Sun interacting with Earth’s atmosphere, and being redirected by Earth’s magnetic field towards the north and south polar regions. The charged particles excite atoms and molecules in the atmosphere, resulting in a light display that varies in colour and form. The different colours of an aurora are determined by the gases (atoms and molecules) in Earth's atmosphere, the altitude of the aurora, the density of the atmosphere, and the energy of the charged particles. In general, green is attributed to oxygen molecules, red is associated with high-altitude oxygen molecules, purple and blue are associated with hydrogen and helium, and pink auroras are typically associated with nitrogen. On this particular night, the serene environment of Cassidy Point provided an unobstructed view of the lights. In the foreground, Aurora Village can be seen, a site renowned for organised tours to witness this spectacle. Credit: Jason Johnson/IAU OAE (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode">CC BY 4.0</a>)

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Star Trail in the Southern Hemisphere with Bortle 4 Scale Light Pollution

Winner in the 2023 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Still images with smartphones-mobile devices: Star Trail in the Southern Hemisphere with Bortle 4 Scale Light Pollution, by Slamat Riyadi. This breathtaking photo, captured under the clear night sky of Linggamekar Village, Cilimus, Kuningan, West Java, Indonesia on 25 June 2020, displays star trails sweeping across the southern hemisphere’s heavens. The star trails are due to Earth’s rotation causing the apparent motion of stars, creating these mesmerising arcs of light when followed over extended periods. Here, the point the stars rotate around (the South Celestial Pole) is close to the horizon, as the image was taken close to the equator. The photographer used the star trail feature on a smartphone, which captured a series of images over an extended period and stacked them together. The striking tree in the foreground adds depth to the image, contrasting the celestial motion above with its Earthly stillness, while also masking some of the surrounding light pollution. Different parts of the world offer diverse and stunning perspectives on the night sky, emphasising the importance of preserving dark skies everywhere. Credit: Slamat Riyadi/IAU OAE (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode">CC BY 4.0</a>)

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

UIBVFEDPlus-Light: Virtual facial expression dataset with lighting

This database, named UIBVFEDPlus-Light, is an extension of the previously published UIBVFED virtual facial expression dataset. It includes 100 characters, four lighting configurations and 13200 images. Images are in png format with a resolution of 1080x1920 RGB, without alpha channel and an average size of 2.0 MB. The images represent virtual characters reproducing FACS-based facial expressions. Expressions are classified based on the six universal emotions (Anger, Disgust, Fear, Joy, Sadness, and Surprise) labeled according to Faigin’s classification. The dataset aims to give researchers access to data they may use to support their research and generate new knowledge. In particular, to study the effect of lighting conditions in the fields of facial expression and emotion recognition.

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

Red vision in animals is broadly associated with lighting environment but not types of visual task

Red sensitivity is the exception rather than the norm in most animal groups. Among species with a long wavelength sensitive (LWS) photoreceptor, peak wavelength sensitivity (λmax) varies substantially and it is unclear whether this variation can be explained by visual tuning to the light environment or to visual tasks such as signalling or foraging. Here, we examine long wavelength sensitivity across a broad range of taxa showing diversity in LWS photoreceptor λmax: insects, crustaceans, arachnids, amphibians, reptiles, fish, sharks and rays. We identified 161 species with a LWS photoreceptor (λmax ≥ 550 nm). We found evidence supporting visual tuning to the light environment: terrestrial species had longer λmax than aquatic species, and of these, species from turbid shallow waters had longer λmax than those from clear or deep waters. Of the terrestrial species, diurnal species had longer λmax than nocturnal species, but we did not detect any differences across terrestrial habitats (closed, intermediate or open). We found no association with proxies for visual tasks such as having red morphological features or utilising flowers or coral reefs. These results support the emerging consensus that, in general, visual systems are adapted to broad range of tasks, rather than tuned to certain tasks.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2024View details →

Data and code for: Shedding light on overlooked pollinators: Global insights into floral interactions of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae and Myrmosidae)

Data and code used in the article "Shedding light on overlooked pollinators: Global insights into floral interactions of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae and Myrmosidae)".

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2024View details →

Quantifying the light-absorption properties and molecular composition of brown carbon aerosol from sub-Saharan African biomass combustion

<div> Data presented in figures of the peer-reviewed journal article "Quantifying the light-absorption properties and molecular composition of brown carbon aerosol from sub-Saharan African biomass combustion" by Moschos et al. Disclaimer: Please contact the dataset creator prior to inclusion of data in any upcoming publication. </div>

opencc-zeroFeb 2024View details →

Putative photosensitivity in internal light organs (organs of Pesta) of deep-sea sergestid shrimps

Many marine species can regulate the intensity of bioluminescence from their ventral photophores in order to counterilluminate, a camouflage technique whereby animals closely match the intensity of the downwelling illumination blocked by their bodies, thereby hiding their silhouettes. Recent studies on autogenic cuticular photophores in deep-sea shrimps indicate that the photophores themselves are light-sensitive. Here, our results further suggest photosensitivity in a second type of autogenic photophore, the internal organs of Pesta, found in deep-sea sergestid shrimps. Experiments were conducted ship-board on live specimens, exposing the animals to bright light, which resulted in ultrastructural changes that matched those seen in crustacean eyes during the photoreceptor membrane turnover, a process that is crucial for the proper functioning of photosensitive components. In addition, RNA-seq studies demonstrated the expression of visual opsins and phototransduction genes in organs of Pesta tissue that are known to play a role in light detection, and electrophysiological measurements indicated that the light organs are responding to light received by the eyes. The long-sought-after mechanism of counterillumination remains unknown, but evidence of photosensitivity in photophores may indicate a dual functionality of light detection and emission.

opencc-by-nc-nd-4.0Feb 2024View details →

Adaptation to numerosity affects the pupillary light response

The dataset reports per participant and condition averages of peak pupil constrictions (columns P_...) and reported numerosity (columns B_...) from two experiments run with 12 and 13 participants (rows) in "Adaptation to numerosity affects the pupillary light response" (Scientific Reports, 2024) by Caponi, Castaldi, Burr and Binda. Pupil constrictions and numerosity reports were elicited by 500 ms long stimuli of constant luminance but variable numerosity, presented following two types of adapters: low numerosity or high numerosity. Column headers identify the measure (P for pupil constriction and B for behavioural responses), the adaptation condition (low and high) and the numerosity of the array (10, 14, 20, 28 and 40). The averages of these values are reported in Figure 2A-B of the publication. Columns "B_lmh40" and "P_hmlALL" correspond to the data in Figure 2C, quantifying the adaptation effect on reported numerosity and on pupil constrictions respectively.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

Dataset: Fano meets Stokes: Four-order-of-magnitude enhancement of asymmetric Brillouin light scattering spectra

Dataset accompanying publication: Rafał Białek, Thomas Vasileiadis, Mikołaj Pochylski, Bartłomiej Graczykowski, Fano meets Stokes: Four-order-of-magnitude enhancement of asymmetric Brillouin light scattering spectra, Photoacoustics, Volume 30, 2023, 100478, ISSN 2213-5979, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100478.