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Fig. 19 in Georg Bojung "Scato" Lantzius-Beninga and his contributions on the anatomy of moss capsules: a transliteration from the original German texts

Fig. 19. and above the annulus of a capsule of Splachnum sphaericum. Magnification x 250.

Fig. 9 in Georg Bojung "Scato" Lantzius-Beninga and his contributions on the anatomy of moss capsules: a transliteration from the original German texts

Fig. 9**. Schematic longitudinal section of the same capsule.

Fig. 29 in Georg Bojung "Scato" Lantzius-Beninga and his contributions on the anatomy of moss capsules: a transliteration from the original German texts

Fig. 29. Part of a longtudinal section, and

Fig. 18 in Georg Bojung "Scato" Lantzius-Beninga and his contributions on the anatomy of moss capsules: a transliteration from the original German texts

Fig. 18. Part of a transverse section below

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

Moss functional trait ecology: Trends, gaps, and biases in the current literature

Functional traits are critical tools in plant ecology for capturing organism-environment interactions based on trade-offs as well as making links between organismal and ecosystem processes. While broad frameworks for functional traits have been developed for vascular plants, we lack the same for bryophytes, despite an escalation in the number of bryophyte functional trait studies conducted in the last 45 years and an increased recognition of the ecological roles bryophytes play across ecosystems. In this review, we compiled data from 282 published articles (10005 records) focusing on functional traits measured in mosses, and sought to (a) examine trends in types of traits measured, (b) capture taxonomic and geographic breadth of trait coverage, (c) reveal biases in coverage in the current literature, and (d) develop a bryophyte-function index (BFI) to describe completeness of current trait coverage and identify global gaps to focus research efforts. The most commonly measured response traits (those related to growth/reproduction in individual organisms) and effect traits (those that directly affect community/ecosystem scale processes) fell into the categories of morphology (e.g. leaf area, shoot height) and nutrient storage/cycling, and our BFI revealed that these data were most commonly collected from temperate and boreal regions of Europe, North America and east Asia. However, fewer than 10% of known moss species have available functional trait information. Our synthesis revealed that there is a need for research on traits related to ontogeny, sex, and intraspecific plasticity, and on co-measurement of traits related to water-relations and bryophyte-mediated soil processes.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Fig. 5. Homalia trichomanoides protonema day 127 in Preliminary Study Of Moss Homalia Trichomanoides (Hedw.) Brid. Gametophyte Development From Spores In Vitro

Fig. 5. Homalia trichomanoides protonema day 127 after inoculation.

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

A deepened water table increases the vulnerability of peat mosses to periodic drought

Here we address the combined impact of multiple stressors that are becoming more common with climate change. To study the combined effects of a lower water table (WT) and increased frequency of drought periods on the resistance and resilience of peatlands, we conducted a mesocosm experiment. This study evaluated how the photosynthesis of lawn Sphagnum mosses responds to and recovers from an experimental periodic drought after exposure to the stresses of a deep or deepened WT (naturally dry and 17-year-long water level drawdown in fen and bog environments. We aimed to quantify if deep WTs 1) support acclimation to drought, or 2) increase the base-level physiological stress of mosses, or 3) exacerbate the impact of periodic drought. There was no evidence of acclimation in mosses from drier environments; periodic drought decreased the photosynthesis of all Sphagnum mosses. Water level drawdown decreased the photosynthesis of bog-originating mosses before periodic drought, indicating that these mosses were stressed by the hydrological change. Deep WTs exacerbated Sphagnum vulnerability to periodic drought, indicating that the combination of drying habitats and increasing frequency of periodic drought will lead to a rapid transition in lawn vegetation. Water-retaining traits may increase Sphagnum resilience to periodic drought. Large capitula size was associated with a higher resistance; the bog-originating species studied here lacked large capitula or dense carpet structure and were more vulnerable to drought than the larger fen-originating species. Consequently, lawns in bogs may become threatened. Recovery after rewetting was significant for all mosses, but none completely recovered within three weeks. The most drought-resilient species had fen origin, indicating that fens are less likely to undergo a sudden transition due to periodic drought. Synthesis: Water level drawdown associated with climate change increases the sensitivity of Sphagnum mosses to periods of drought and moves them closer to their tipping point as species on the edge of their ecological envelope rapidly shut down photosynthesis and recover poorly.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Fig. 1 in Preliminary Study Of Moss Homalia Trichomanoides (Hedw.) Brid. Gametophyte Development From Spores In Vitro

Fig. 1. Homalia trichomanoides spores before inoculation.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

Total dataset of Estimating moss harvest quantity and biomass

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2018View details →

Fig. 1 in Two hundred years in the dark: A type for the moss Encalypta crispata

Fig. 1. – The rediscovered holotype of Hedwig's Encalypta crispata Hedw at G.

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

Bryosphere loss impairs litter decomposition consistently across moss species, litter types, and micro-arthropod abundance

The bryosphere (i.e., ground mosses and their associated biota) is a key driver of nutrient and carbon dynamics in many terrestrial ecosystems, in part because it regulates litter decomposition. However, we have a poor understanding of how litter decomposition responds to changes in the bryosphere, including changes in bryosphere cover, moss species, and bryosphere-associated biota. Specifically, the contribution of micro-arthropods to litter decomposition in the bryosphere is unclear. Here, we used a 16-month litterbag field experiment in two boreal forests to investigate bryosphere effects on litter decomposition rates among two moss species (Pleurozium schreberi and Hylocomium splendens), and two litter types (higher-quality Betula pendula litter and lower-quality P. schreberi litter). Additionally, we counted all micro-arthropods in the litterbags and identified them to functional groups. We found that bryosphere removal reduced litter decomposition rates by 28% and micro-arthropod abundance by 29%, and led to a colder micro-climate. Litter decomposition rates and micro-arthropod abundance were uncorrelated overall, but were positively correlated in B. pendula litterbags. Bryosphere effects on litter decomposition rates were consistent across moss species, litter types, and micro-arthropod abundances and community compositions. These findings suggest that micro-arthropods play a minor role in litter decomposition in the boreal forest floor, suggesting that other factors (e.g., micro-climate, nutrient availability) likely drive the positive effect of the bryosphere on decomposition rates. Our results point to a substantial and consistent impairment of litter decomposition in response to loss of moss cover, which could have important implications for nutrient and carbon cycling in moss-dominated ecosystems.

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

Measurements of heavy metals in the moss Orthotrichum lyellii collected using community science in the Duwamish Valley, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.

Heavy metals concentrations often vary at small spatial scales not captured by air monitoring networks, with implications for environmental justice in industrial-adjacent communities. Pollutants measured in moss tissues are commonly used as a screening tool to guide use of more expensive resources, like air monitors. We piloted a community science approach, engaging over 55 people from nine institutions, to map heavy metals using moss in two industrial-adjacent neighborhoods. Local youth led sampling of the moss Orthotrichum lyellii from trees across a 250×250-m sampling grid (n = 79). We compared their data with expert-collected samples (n = 19) using Principal Components Analysis and Procrustes Analysis. We mapped 21 chemical elements measured in moss, focusing on 6 toxic 'priority' metals: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, and nickel. We compared local data, using t-tests and boxplots, with two 'reference datasets' of O. lyellii collected in Portland, Oregon, and in Seattle City Parks. We also use Principal Components Analysis to describe major gradients in metals in the study area. Our data submission includes two R scripts and four datasets of heavy metals in moss, including the two reference datasets, which will enable replication of our analyses as well as novel analyses.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

Trait coordination in boreal mosses reveals a bryophyte economics spectrum

1. The study of plant trait spectra and their association with trade-offs in resource use strategy has greatly advanced our understanding of vascular plant function, yet trait spectra remain poorly studied in bryophytes, particularly outside of the Sphagnum genus. Here, we measured 25 traits related to carbon, nutrient, and water conservation in 60 moss canopies (each dominated by one of 15 moss species) across diverse boreal forest habitats, and used bi-variate correlations and multi-variate analyses to assess trait coordination and trait spectra. 2. We found substantial trait coordination along a main principal components axis driven by trade-offs in carbon, nutrient, and water conservation strategies. Along this trait spectrum, traits varied from resource-acquisitive at one end (e.g., high maximum photosynthetic capacity, high tissue nitrogen content, low water holding capacity) to resource-conservative at the other end, in line with resource economics theory. 3. Traits related to carbon turnover (photosynthesis and respiration rates, litter decomposability) were positively related to nitrogen content and to desiccation rates, in line with global trait spectra in vascular plants. However, architectural traits of the moss shoots and of the moss canopy were generally unrelated to the main axis of trait variation and formed a secondary axis of trait variation, contrary to what is observed for vascular plants. 4. Resource-conservative trait spectra dominated in moss canopies from open and wet habitats (i.e., mires), indicating that high irradiance and possibly high moisture fluctuation induce a resource-conservative trait strategy in mosses. 5. Synthesis. Our work suggests that trait relationships that are well established for vascular plants can be extended for bryophytes as well. Bryophyte trait spectra can be powerful tools to improve our understanding of ecosystem processes in moss-dominated ecosystems, such as boreal or arctic environments, where bryophyte communities exert strong control on nutrient and carbon cycling.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

Phylogeographical break and limited connectivity between multiple refugia in panantarctic moss species

Aim: Historical biogeography of the Antarctic terrestrial biota remains poorly studied and understood. We aim to advance this through a range-wide, multilocus analysis of a pan-Antarctic moss species, in the context of its age, range dynamics, phylogeographical structure, and location of possible long-term refugia. Location: Continental and maritime Antarctic, South America (Patagonia), Australasia. Taxon: Syntrichia sarconeurum Ochyra & R.H. Zander (Pottiaceae). Methods: We used a comprehensive, range-wide and taxonomically-informed sampling, and multilocus sequencing of nuclear and plastid DNA regions. Temporal evolutionary framework, regional genetic diversification and diversity were assessed with phylogenetic and phylogeographic reconstructions, molecular dating, haplotype networks, mismatch analysis, and S-DIVA reconstruction of past events and ancestral areas. Results: Intercontinental disjunction between Australia and Antarctica/S. America was dated to 3.77 Ma, while diversification of extant Syntrichia sarconeurum lineages had taken place since roughly 1.36 Ma. Antarctic populations contained two high-frequency, allopatric cpDNA haplotypes, which highlighted separation of the continental populations. ITS data showed higher diversification and revealed three main lineages with a main genetic break mostly concordant with plastid data. ITS also showed contrasting diversity between the Antarctic continent and maritime Antarctic/Patagonia. Main conclusions: Age of the Antarctic range of Syntrichia sarconeurum potentially reaches back to mid-Pliocene, while diversification of extant genetic lineages was linked with recurrent macroenvironmental changes of the Pleistocene. Significant phylogeographical structure displays a major genetic break, which coincides with a known boundary in the terrestrial biota and suggests constrained population connectivity. S. sarconeurum persisted in situ over several glacial periods in refugia both in the peripheral maritime Antarctic and within the Antarctic continent. Disparity in genetic diversity among these areas hypothetically reflects asymmetric changes of reproduction mode in the past. Finally, nested topology of Patagonian subclades and ancestry analysis indicates that South American populations were secondary and originated through multiple dispersal from the Antarctic region.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

Data from: Will climate change cause the global peatland to expand or contract? Evidence from the habitat shift pattern of Sphagnum mosses

Peatlands play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. Sphagnum mosses (peat mosses) are considered to be the peatland ecosystem engineers and contribute to the carbon accumulation in the peatland ecosystems. As cold-adapted species, the dominance of Sphagnum mosses in peatlands will be threatened by climate warming. The response of Sphagnum mosses to climate change is closely related to the future trajectory of carbon fluxes in peatlands. However, the impact of climate change on the habitat suitability of Sphagnum mosses on a global scale is poorly understood. To predict the potential impact of climate change on the global distribution of Sphagnum mosses, we used the MaxEnt model to predict the potential geographic distribution of six Sphagnum species that dominate peatlands in the future (2050 and 2070) under two greenhouse gas emission scenarios (SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5). The results show that the mean temperature of the coldest quarter, precipitation of the driest month, and topsoil calcium carbonate are the main factors affecting the habitat availability of Sphagnum mosses. As the climate warms, Sphagnum mosses tend to migrate northward. The suitable habitat and abundance of Sphagnum mosses increase extensively in the high-latitude boreal peatland (north of 50° N) and decrease on a large scale beyond the high-latitude boreal peatland. The southern edge of boreal peatlands would experience the greatest decline in the suitable habitat and richness of Sphagnum mosses with the temperature rising, and would be a risk area for the transition from carbon sink to carbon source. The spatial-temporal pattern changes of Sphagnum mosses simulated in this study provide a reference for the development of management and conservation strategies for Sphagnum bogs.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

Physiological responses of fen mosses along a nitrogen gradient point to competition restricting their fundamental niches

Nutrient availability determines vegetation patterns and ecological functioning of intact groundwater-fed peatlands (fens). Bryophytes, commonly referred to as 'brown mosses', dominate calcareous fens (rich fens), are an integral part of their unique biodiversity and contribute significantly to peat formation and carbon sequestration. Brown mosses are replaced by vascular plants as nutrient availability increases. The decline of brown mosses may either be due to their physiological intolerance of high nutrient levels or to them being outcompeted by vascular plants. We aimed to distinguish between these two hypotheses by investigating whether the ecological optima reflect the physiological optima of brown mosses. Eight brown moss species, common in calcareous fens of the northern hemisphere, were grown under a gradient of nitrogen and phosphorus availability. Biomass increment, chlorophyll content and biomass nutrient concentration were measured. All brown moss species studied achieved the highest growth rates and chlorophyll contents when grown under conditions of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations higher than those where they occur naturally at the highest frequency. Two of the species showed no growth saturation even at the highest levels of nutrient availability, while the others appeared potassium-limited at the highest N and P levels. Brown mosses dominate natural fens at the lower edge of their physiological optimum in terms of nutrient availability, i.e., their realized niche is much narrower than the fundamental one. Based on the literature, we argue that it is the competition for light with vascular plants which limits the occurrence of brown mosses in nutrient-rich habitats and prevents them from occupying their entire fundamental niche.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Cyanobacterial- and moss-forming biocrusts consistently mitigate the temperature sensitivity of microbial respiration along a continental precipitation gradient

1. Biocrusts are prevalent and participate in many soil organic carbon (C) processes in drylands. The predicted increase in aridity will expand the biocrust cover and significantly impact soil organic C dynamics. However, how biocrusts change soil organic C decomposition and what factors drive the effect in response to climate warming remains largely unknown at a continental scale. 2. We measured microbial respiration and its temperature sensitivity (Q10) in bare soil lacking biocrusts and two universal biocrusted soils (cyanobacterial- and moss-crusted soil) from 43 sites across a precipitation gradient from 39 mm to 443 mm to evaluate the relative effects of biocrusts on Q10 and the driving forces in northern China's dryland. 3. Microbial respiration increased and Q10 decreased with increasing precipitation in bare soil, cyanobacterial- and moss-crusted soil. Biocrusts positively affected microbial respiration, with a more substantial magnitude by moss crusts than cyanobacterial crusts. Biocrusts negatively impacted Q10, and the magnitudes were similar between moss and cyanobacterial crusts. Most importantly, the relative effects of biocrusts on microbial respiration and Q10 increased with decreasing precipitation. 4. The positive effects of biocrusts on soil organic C content and microbial biomass carbon were positively correlated with the level of increased microbial respiration. Contrastingly, the magnitude of reduced Q10 was attributed to the biocrusts' positive effects on soil organic C quality and adverse effects on the ratio of fungal to bacterial PLFAs (F: B). 5. Our study provides strong evidence that biocrusts decrease the temperature sensitivity of microbial respiration in northern China's dryland. This result suggests that the predicted expanding biocrust cover is crucial for maintaining the soil organic C stability by buffering the positive impacts of climate warming on soil organic C decomposition in drylands.

opencc-byApr 2022View details →

Stary Folwarek, Wigry, Moss stair

My 3D asset generated with photogrammetry software 3DF Zephyr v6.505 processing 275 images Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Towards intelligent living facades: On electrical activity of ordinary moss \emph{Brachythecium rutabulum}

Electrical recordings of of ordinary moss \emph{Brachythecium rutabulum}. Data for the paper Towards intelligent living facades: On electrical activity of ordinary moss \emph{Brachythecium rutabulum}