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Fig. 4 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 4 Otoliths of Gobius spp.: a–e Gobius bratishkoi n. sp., a holotype, NMNHU-P PI 2555, Kozatskyi Yar, b–e paratypes, b (reversed) Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2556, c–e (reversed) Kozatskyi Yar, NMB P1211. f Gobius reichenbacherae Schwarzhans, 2014, Shydlivshchyna, NMNHU-P PI 2557 (reversed). g–k Gobius ukrainicus n. sp., j holotype, Shydlivshchyna, NMNHU-P PI 2558, g–i, k paratypes, g, i, k NMNHU-P PI 2560, h (reversed) Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2559

Fig. 1 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 1 Location map and stratigraphy: a schematic map showing the Medobory Reef (after Korolyuk, 1952, and Górka et al., 2012, with modifications) and the studied localities in the vicinities of Horodok, western Ukraine; b schematic geologic cross section of the Badenian sequence through the Medobory region after Wysocka et. al. (2016) and Górka (2018a)

Fig. 13 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 13 Late Badenian paleogeography of the Paratethys and distribution of selected non-gobioid otolith-based taxa through the basin. Most common species are shown in bold printing. Asterisk denotes multiple locations, of which Borský Mikuláš represents the richest and most recently described otolith assemblage (Brzobohatý et al., 2022). Double asterisk for Dentex aff. gregarius tentatively includes records of Dentex aff. maroccanus by Brzobohatý et. al. (2022). Triple asterisk for Argyrosomus sp. denotes record of Argyrosomus aff. regius by Brzobohatý et. al. (2022). Paleogeography based on Rögl (1999), Popov et. al. (2004), and KováČ et. al. (2017)

Fig. 9 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 9 Otoliths of Haemulidae, Serranidae, Sparidae, Leiognathidae and Caproidae: a (reversed)—Brachydeuterus speronatus (Bassoli, 1906), Kozatskyi Yar, NMNHU-P PI 2549. b, c Serranidae indet., b (broken and repaired), c (reversed), Kozatskyi Yar, NMNHU-P PI 2579. d, e Pshekharus yesinorum Bannikov & Kotlyar, 2015, Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2578. f (reversed)—Leiognathidae indet., Shydlivshchyna, NMB P1214. g Perciformes indet., Shydlivshchyna, NMB P1221. h (reversed) – Capros aper (Linnaeus, 1758), Mlyntsi, NMB P1206

Fig. 12 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 12 Late Badenian paleogeography of the Paratethys and distribution of gobioid otolith-based taxa through the basin. Most common species are shown in bold printing (Gobius reichenbacherae tentatively includes records of Gobius aff. niger by Brzobohatý et al., 2022). Asterisk denotes multiple locations, of which Borský Mikuláš represents the richest and most recently described otolith assemblage (Brzobohatý et al., 2022). Double asterisk denotes species only known in the Vienna Basin from the early Badenian and shown for correlation purposes. Paleogeography based on Rögl (1999), Popov et. al. (2004), and KováČ et. al. (2017)

Fig. 6 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 6 Otoliths of Medoborichthys and Vanderhorstia: a–d Medoborichthys podolicus n. gen. et n. sp., b holotype, NMNHU-P PI 2563, Mlyntsi, a, c, d paratypes, a Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2564, c Shydlivshchyna, NMNHU-P PI 2565, d (reversed) Kozatskyi Yar, NMB P1215. e–g Medoborichthys renesulcis n. gen. et n. sp., e holotype, NMNHU-P PI 2566, Mlyntsi, f, g paratypes, f Kozatskyi Yar, NMB P1216, g (reversed) Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2567. h–j Vanderhorstia prochazkai Schwarzhans et al., 2020a, 2020b, h (reversed), j (reversed) Mlyntsi, NMB P1223, h (reversed) Shydlivshchyna, NMNHU-P PI 2582. k Vanderhorstia sp., Shydlivshchyna, NMB P1224

Fig. 3 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 3 Otoliths of Gadiformes: a, b Micromesistius planatus (Bassoli & Schubert, 1906), Mlyntsi, a NMNHU-P PI 2568 and b NMB P1218. c–f Onogadus simplicissimus (Schubert, 1906), c (reversed), d, f Shydlivshchyna, NMB P1220, e Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2572

Fig. 2 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 2 Photographs of the investigated outcrops: Mlyntsi (a, b), Kozatskyi Yar (c, d), and Shydlivshchyna (e, f) in general view and close-up. The total length of the shovel handle is 72 cm

Fig. 8 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 8 Otoliths of Blenniidae and Labridae: a, b Blennius vernyhorovae n. sp., a holotype, NMNHU-P PI 2547, Mlyntsi, b (reversed) paratype, Kozatskyi Yar, NMB P1205. c, d Coris medoboryensis n. sp., c holotype, NMNHU-P PI 2551, Kozatskyi Yar, d (reversed) paratype, Mlyntsi, NMB P1208

Fig. 11 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 11 Schematic block diagram of the northern part of the Central Paratethys during the late Badenian depicting the main localities from which otolith have been studied and the common species found therein (most common ones shown in bold printing). Diagram not to scale and not proportional; based on KováČ et. al. (2017)

Fig. 5 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 5 Otoliths of Odondebuenia, Parenypnias and Bathygobius?: a–d Odondebuenia agiadiae Schwarzhans et al., 2020a, 2020b, a (reversed) Kozatskyi Yar, NMB P1219, b (reversed), d Kozatskyi Yar, NMNHU-P PI 2569, c (reversed) Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2570. e–h Parenypnias inauditus n. gen. et n. sp., f holotype, Kozatskyi Yar, NMNHU-P PI 2550, e, g (reversed) Shydlivshchyna, NMB P1207, h Žižkov 1 well (1616–1622 m), DGS MU-0395. i Parenypnias kiselevi n. gen. et n. sp., holotype, Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2574. j Enypnias seminudus (GÜnther, 1861), Recent, USNM 407784, 13° 22′ N 87° 52′ W. k Gobiosoma bosc (Lacépède, 1800), Recent (reversed), LACM coll. Fitch, off Rappahannock. l Bathygobius? sp. (reversed), Kozatskyi Yar, NMNHU-P PI 2548

FIGURE 6 in Approaching the Khersonian Crisis: Fish otoliths from the upper Bessarabian (middle Sarmatian s.l.; Late Miocene) of Jurkine (Kerch Peninsula, Crimea)

FIGURE 6. Idealized block diagram depicting Bessarabian environmental settings and distribution of otolith-based taxa of the Gobiidae in the various environments of the middle Sarmatian s.l. (Bessarabian) (after Bratishko et al., 2017; Bratishko et al., 2023; and this study). Not to scale.

FIGURE 3. Otoliths. A–D in Approaching the Khersonian Crisis: Fish otoliths from the upper Bessarabian (middle Sarmatian s.l.; Late Miocene) of Jurkine (Kerch Peninsula, Crimea)

FIGURE 3. Otoliths. A–D Ophichthidae indet. juv., SMF PO 101.337, microfauna sample #20, A = anterior view, B = inner face, C = dorsal view, D = ventral view. E Maeotichthys wilhelmi (Djafarova, 2006), SMF PO 101.338, microfauna sample #20, inner face (reversed), digitally composed from three broken segments. F–Q Maeotichthys salebrosus n. sp., F, I, L, O = inner faces, G, J, M, P = anterior views, H, K, N, Q = ventral views, I–K holotype, NMNH ГКН 5960 079 (reversed), microfauna sample #21, F–H, L–Q paratypes, SMF PO 101.339, microfauna sample #20. R–Y Scythogobius spissus n. gen., n. sp., R, V, W = inner faces, S = dorsal view, Y = ventral view, T, U = posterior views, X = anterior view, R–T holotype, NMNH ГКН 5960 080 (reversed), microfauna sample #20, U–Y paratypes (U–V reversed), SMF PO 101.340, microfauna sample #20. Z–AB Anatirostrum profundorum (Berg, 1927), Recent, Caspian Sea, Gilan, Iran, CMNFI 1999-0023.1, Z = inner face, AA = dorsal view, AB = posterior view.

FIGURE 2 in Approaching the Khersonian Crisis: Fish otoliths from the upper Bessarabian (middle Sarmatian s.l.; Late Miocene) of Jurkine (Kerch Peninsula, Crimea)

FIGURE 2. Stratigraphic column of the Jurkine section with lithology, sedimentological observations, and fossil contents; lithostratigraphic levels are annotated (L 1 to L 20) as well as levels of microfauna samples (12 to 25 in circles); Oto-sample 1 and 2 indicate levels from which the studied otoliths were obtained for Bratishko et al. (2023). The otoliths studied here are from the microfauna samples 20 and 21. Key foraminiferal, ichthyological, and environmental changes are shown.

FIGURE 5 in Approaching the Khersonian Crisis: Fish otoliths from the upper Bessarabian (middle Sarmatian s.l.; Late Miocene) of Jurkine (Kerch Peninsula, Crimea)

FIGURE 5. Paleoenvironmental evolution of Sarmatian Sea on Crimean Peninsula and adjacent territories during the middle to late Sarmatian s.l. (Bessarabian and Khersonian) (composed after Kolesnikov, 1940; Mlyavko and Pidoplochko, 1955; Didkovskyi, 1964; Belokrys, 1966, 1976; Didkovskyi and Kulichenko, 1975; Bratishko et al., 2023).

FIGURE 1. Location plate and field photographs. A in Approaching the Khersonian Crisis: Fish otoliths from the upper Bessarabian (middle Sarmatian s.l.; Late Miocene) of Jurkine (Kerch Peninsula, Crimea)

FIGURE 1. Location plate and field photographs. A) Jurkine cliff and outcrop with indication of stratigraphy, lithological levels (Roman numerals), and sample levels (Arabic numerals). B) Detail of middle Sarmatian section with lithological levels (Roman numerals) and sample levels (Arabic numerals); Ot1 and Ot2 indicate levels from which the studied otoliths were obtained for Bratishko et al. (2023). C) Insert map of Ukraine with Kerch Peninsula highlighted. D) Simplified geological map of Kerch Peninsula modified after Andrusov (1893). E) Goby monument in Berdyansk, Ukraine.

FIGURE 4 in Approaching the Khersonian Crisis: Fish otoliths from the upper Bessarabian (middle Sarmatian s.l.; Late Miocene) of Jurkine (Kerch Peninsula, Crimea)

FIGURE 4. Sarmatian Sea in the area of Crimean Peninsula and adjacent territory during the middle to late Sarmatian s.l. (Bessarabian and Khersonian) (after Kelsnikov, 1940, and Belokrys, 1966). Map based on Google Earth.

FIGURE 2 in The first record of Lower Cretaceous otoliths from the Kimigahama Formation (Barremian) of the Choshi Group, Chiba Prefecture, Japan

FIGURE 2. Stratigraphic divisions of the Choshi Group (modified from Obata and Matsukawa, 2007, 2009a, b). The star marks the fossil-bearing horizon.

FIGURE 1 in The first record of Lower Cretaceous otoliths from the Kimigahama Formation (Barremian) of the Choshi Group, Chiba Prefecture, Japan

FIGURE 1. Map showing the locality of the Choshi area, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. The star marks the fossil locality.

FIGURE 5 in The first record of Lower Cretaceous otoliths from the Kimigahama Formation (Barremian) of the Choshi Group, Chiba Prefecture, Japan

FIGURE 5. Cretaceous paleobiogeography of Pterothrissinae and Elopiformes. The number of localities corresponds to the number in Table 3. The reference map is Barremian (modified from Scotese, 2014). The number in regular font indicates the otolith-based fossil record, and italics in bold indicate the skeleton-based fossil record. Table 3 shows the details of each fossil record.